典型自然源气溶胶沉降引起的海洋初级生产响应

大气沉降是陆源物质向海洋输入营养盐的重要方式,沙尘、野火和火山喷发均能够产生气溶胶,这些典型的自然源气溶胶在风场的作用下,能够进行远距离的输运,期间由于沉降作用进入海洋,为上层海洋提供限制性营养盐促进海洋浮游植物生长,提升海洋的初级生产力,促进碳循环过程。以海表叶绿素浓度作为海洋初级生产力的重要指标,通过海表叶绿素浓度的响应,探究沙尘、野火和火山这三种典型自然源气溶胶的传输路径及其沉降对海洋初级生产的影响。结果显示,海洋初级生产对气溶胶沉降的响应不仅与气溶胶排放类型有关,也与温度、动力过程、光合有效辐射等海域初级生产影响因素有关,体现了海洋初级生产对自然源气溶胶的敏感性,自然源气溶胶沉降所驱动的海洋初级生产在全球碳循环中具有重要的潜在影响。     

Changes in Water Use Efficiency Caused by Climate Change,CO2 Fertilization,and Land Use Changes on the Tibetan Plateau

Terrestrial ecosystem water use efficiency(WUE) is an important indicator for coupling plant photosynthesis and transpiration, and is also a key factor linking the carbon and water cycles between the land and atmosphere. However,under the combination of climate change and human intervention, the change in WUE is still unclear, especially on the Tibetan Plateau(TP). Therefore, satellite remote sensing data and process-based terrestrial biosphere models(TBMs) are used in this study to investigate ...     

植被净初级生产力模型估算及其对气候变化的响应研究进展

近年来随着遥感和地理信息系统技术的广泛应用,植被净初级生产力研究经历了从小范围的传统测量阶段到大范围的模型估算阶段的重要转变,并参与全球变化研究。其研究手段和研究内容大大拓宽,在植被净初级生产力模型估算以及对气候变化（如温度、降水、ＣＯ₂浓度等）的响应等方面的研究取得了可喜的进展。     

新疆库尔勒市空气质量等级及首要污染物时空变化研究

城市空气质量与经济建设及人民生活息息相关,是政府和人民关注的重大社会问题。利用库尔勒市2014年9月1日-2015年8月31日州政府、棉纺厂、开发区三个环境监测站逐时观测资料,分析了库尔勒市空气质量等级和首要污染物的时空分布,并分析了污染天气发生的日变化特征。结果表明：（1）三站污染天气出现频率分别为49.4%、40.9%和34.7%,符合州政府＞棉纺厂＞开发区的分布规律。三站污染天气均是春季出现频率最高,分别占到44.7%,39.4%和48.5%,其次为秋季、冬季和夏季;（2）库尔勒市首要污染物中, PM10的频率最高,其次为PM2.5,CO、NO2、O3及SO2出现频率均低于10.0%。PM10作为首要污染物在春季出现频率最高,三站出现频率为33.9%-36.3%,PM2.5则是冬季出现频率最高,三站出现频率为59.1%-86.4%;（3）库尔勒市污染天气和重污染天气发生频率符合傍晚与夜间高,白天低的变化规律。污染天气发生频率最高值出现在0:00时,最低值出现在6:00-7:00时,重污染天时延迟到9:00时。上述结果表明库尔勒市春季周边自然污染源的排放与输送对该市的空气质量影响巨大。     

三江源植被净初级生产力估算研究进展

植被净初级生产力（NPP）作为重要的植被参数和生态指标,能够直观地反映生态环境的变化和区域碳收支水平。鉴于三江源特殊的地理环境和战略地位,众多学者曾应用不同的方法对三江源植被NPP进行了估算,但是由于各方面原因,NPP估算结果存在较大差异。目前,虽在三江源地区开展了大量NPP估算研究,但尚未有相关文章对这些研究进行汇总并加以分析和评价。因此,本文在前人研究成果的基础上,通过综述已有文献,对三江源植被NPP估算的相关方法与结果进行了系统地总结,探讨不同方法在三江源地区的适用性,指出已有方法存在的主要问题,并对现有NPP估算结果进行评估分析,最后提出了未来三江源NPP估算研究亟待加大研究力度的方向。     

大气气溶胶中的铁及其溶解度研究综述

生物活性铁(Fe) 进入生物地球化学循环中能够调节碳循环,影响海洋初级生产力,间接影响全球气候变化。决定 Fe生物可利用度的关键因子是可溶Fe含量,其中大气气溶胶的长距离传输是上层海洋获取生物可利用Fe的重要来源。近年来,对气溶胶中的Fe及溶解度的研究取得了重要进展,包括对不同区域Fe质量浓度和溶解度的观测以及对Fe溶解度影响因素的讨论。基于以上研究成果,汇总了近二十年全球部分陆地和海洋站点观测所得的不同粒径气溶胶颗粒物中的Fe质量浓度及其溶解度数据;重点介绍了气溶胶沉降入海洋前影响Fe溶解度的主要因素,包括Fe的来源、大气物理过程以及大气化学和传输混合过程等,并就各影响因素间的关联及相对重要性展开讨论;对未来气溶胶 Fe的研究方向和方法提出建议。     

西双版纳原始热带季节雨林净初级生产力

研究了西双版纳原始热带季节雨林生物量增量、凋落量、叶虫食量和净初级生产量.该雨林年平均净初级生产量为25.764 t/hm2.a,其中各层次的净初级生产量分别为:乔木层23.972 t/hm2.a(占总净初级生产量的93.04 %)、灌木层0.749 t/hm2.a (占2.91 %)、木质藤本层0.431 t/hm2.a(占1.67 %)、草本层0.612 t/hm2.a(占2.38 %).乔木层净初级生产量分配为:凋落量11.566 t/hm2.a、叶虫食量0.694 t/hm2.a和生物量增量11.712 t/hm2.a.     

冀西北水晶屯金矿F8断裂带深部定位预测

摘要：以冀西北水晶屯金矿为例,通过对该矿床Ｆ８断裂带成矿地质条件和找矿标志的分析研究,建立起了Ｆ８断裂带的地球化学原生晕模型和灰色系统ＧＭ（１．１）模型,并利用这些模型对其深部合矿性进行了预测．经工程验证,该预测效果是可信的．     

Distribution characteristics of size-fractionated chlorophyll a and primary productivity in Beibu Gulf

The distribution of the abundance of phytoplankton, chlorophyll a (Chl.a) concentration and primary productivity in the Beibu Gulf were observed from May 23 to June 4, 1994.The results show that there were marked featares of spatial zonation in the survey area due to the differences between the geographic environment and the hydrological conditions.Chlorophyll a and primary productivity were higher in the inshore than in the middle area and higher in the north than in the south of the Beibu Gulf.The average concentration of Chl.a, primary productivity and the abundance of phytoplankton were 0.94±0.45 μg/dm³, 351±172 mg/(m²·d) (C) and 0.97×10⁴-10.050×10⁴ ind./m³ in the area, respectively.There were 176 species belonging to 4 phyla and 56 genera based on microscope identification.The results of the size-fractionation show that the contribution of nanoplankton and picoplankton was 77% to total Chl.a and 91% to total primary productivity, which proved their importance to phytoplankton communities in the Beibu Gulf.     

Estimation of standing stock of chlorophylla and primary production from remote-sensed ocean color in the Oyashio region, the Western subarctic Pacific, during the spring bloom in 1997

In order to examine the applicability of remotely-sensed ocean color for the estimation of phytoplankton biomass and primary production in the Oyashio region, the western subarctic Pacific, vertical distributions of chlorophylla concentration and primary production were observed in April and May 1997. Spring bloom was observed in both April and May, and the surface concentration of chlorophylla exceeded 40 mg m⁻³. The relationship between the standing stocks of chlorophylla within the layer from the sea surface to one optical depth (0–1/k layer) and the surface chlorophylla concentration is expressed as a Michaelis-Menten equation. The mean ratio of the standing stock of chlorophylla in the euphotic layer to that in the 0–1/k layer was 4.41, this ratio did not significantly differ from 4.61 which was obtained at homogeneous distribution of chlorophylla within the euphotic layer. These facts suggest that the distribution of chlorophylla could be assumed to be homogeneous in the euphotic layer during the spring bloom. Results of primary production measurements by simulatedin situ method were compared with those by an algorithm with two variables; chlorphylla and non-spectral PAR. Daily primary production in the euphotic layer estimated by the algorithm varied in a range of 38–274% of that estimated by incubation, although the primary productions by the algorithm agreed with those by the incubation at a half of stations. Primary production within the euphotic layer calculated using simply the surface data was the same as that estimated using vertical distribution of chlorophylla. These results show that the primary production in the euphotic layer may be estimated from the remote sensed measurements during the spring bloom in the Oyashio region.