The influence of a heavily polluted urban river on the adjacent aquifer systems

 Ankara Creek is often subjected to overflowing of sewage caused by rainfall or direct discharge of raw sewage. Alluvial aquifers adjacent to Ankara Creek and its tributaries have considerable groundwater potential. The present status of groundwater quality is far from drinking water standards. Groundwater contamination in Ankara is suspected to be caused by Ankara Creek which is heavily polluted by raw sewage discharge, surface runoff and other common sources. In order to investigate the influence of heavily polluted Ankara Creek on the groundwater contamination in the adjacent alluvial aquifers, five sampling stations on Ankara Creek and 25 water wells were monitored during 1996. At five different sampling periods, water samples were collected from both surface water and groundwater. Chemical analyses of basic ions, pollution parameters and heavy metals in natural waters were carried out. The organic pollution prevails in Ankara Creek whereas total dissolved solids (TDS) and heavy metal concentrations are considerably low. Starting from the idea that Ankara Creek somewhat influences the groundwater quality and the contaminants in groundwater should attenuate with respect to distance, a series of water wells in a certain area, each having different distance from the creek, were examined using four pollution parameters. It is concluded that Ankara Creek barely influences the aquifer systems in connection. This is attributed to two reasons: rapid attenuation of contaminants due to dilution in groundwater and a blanket of very fine sized materials covering the bottom of Ankara Creek. Received: 28. April 1997 · Accepted: 23. February 1998     

Environmental pollution control through geo – botanical means – a case study of Manikpur block, Korba coalfield, M.P., India

 In the present paper, an environmental analysis of Manikpur area, Korba coalfield, Bilaspur, M.P., India is undertaken. The area lies in the Geological Survey of India Toposheet no. 64J/11 Latitude 82°42′54″–82°45′10″ North; Longitude 22°18′46″–22°19′46″ East. The paper deals with pollution and its control measures through the natural plants found in the vicinity of the coalmines, namely Mangifera indica, Eucalyptus spp., Cassia siamea, Delbergia sissoo, etc. The plants control the Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Nitrous Oxides (NOx), Sulphur Oxides (SOx) of the mines and mining site. Therefore, plantation in the mining site should be encouraged. Received: 12 May 1998 · Accepted: 6 October 1998     

陕西省渭河扩建电厂粉煤灰处理场土壤对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附作用

粉煤灰处理区的环境地质调查表明:由于受地面排放的粉煤灰的影响,地下水中Cr（Ⅵ）浓度高出背景值4⁵倍.野外现场试验对Cr（Ⅵ）监测结果显示:在2m厚的灰体底部,下渗水中的Cr（Ⅵ）浓度已高达0.701ppm,超标14倍.很明显,Cr（Ⅵ）是粉煤灰中的主要污染质之一.老灰场的环境地质调查还发现:土壤对Cr（Ⅵ）的迁移有很大的阻滞作用.作者对此进行一系列野外及室内试验来研究粉煤灰中Cr（Ⅵ）的解吸,迁移及其与土壤之间的相互作用和有关的化学机理,并且评价了渭河扩建电厂新灰场区土壤包气带对粉煤灰中Cr（Ⅵ）的净化能力.     

辽宁省主要矿山地质灾害及防治对策探讨

辽宁省是全国矿产资源和矿业开发大省,同时也是矿山地质灾害高发省份,矿山生态环境破坏较严重,诱发的矿山地质灾害较为普遍。矿山地质灾害主要分布在辽东抚顺、本溪,辽西南票、北票、阜新及辽北铁法三个地区。脆弱的地质环境条件和矿业开发活动是诱发矿山地质灾害的主要因素。对人为诱发因素,应通过立法和加强管理,制定相应对策加以防治。     

基于韦伯-费希纳定律的营养状态普适韦伯指数公式

在适当设定各营养状态指标"参照值"Cj0的基础上,用相应于"参照值"Cj0的指标"规范值"xj作为基于韦伯-费希纳定律的营养状态指数公式中的刺激量.由于各项指标的同级营养状态标准的"规范值"xjl差异不大,从而可认为各指标的营养状态韦伯指数公式都具有一个共同适用的韦伯常数α,并采用智能解域搜索算法优化α,得出对所有14项营养指标皆适用的营养状态普适韦伯指数公式.将营养状态韦伯指数公式应用于数十个湖泊的富营养化评价,并与其它多种方法的评价结果进行比较,结果表明该公式不但理论依据充分,而且具有简单、适用的特点.     

瓯江河口水质评价及主要污染物入海通量分析

文章以瓯江入海河口水体为研究对象,结合综合指数法对2013—2018年瓯江入海水体水质变化趋势进行分析与评价,同时分析主要污染物的入海通量变化,以期为温州海域近岸环境改善提供参考。结果表明:瓯江河口水体中TP、CODCr超出《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）III类水质标准。瓯江河口水质综合污染指数均值为6.54,平均污染指数均值为0.60,主要污染物为TP和CODCr,研究期间瓯江河口水体环境质量呈好转趋势。瓯江年均污染物入海总量约为665 950 t,污染物入海通量中CODCr占比最大,其次为TP;2014—2018年,TP入海通量呈下降趋势。     

湖泊底泥环保疏浚决策研究进展与展望

环保疏浚的决策研究主要涉及"是否疏浚"、"疏浚多少"、"如何疏浚"、"能否疏浚"等问题,关系到工程是否立项、资金投入、工艺选择和疏浚效果等.本文首先简要回顾了50年来环保疏浚研究和发展历史,系统总结了国内外在针对湖泊富营养化、潜在生态风险以及湖泛污染控制方面开展环保疏浚的研究进展,分析了疏浚决策理念的差异和需要完善的问题.然后就疏浚工程量设计,分析了湖泊环保疏浚区域的选定和疏浚面积的确定方法和实例,围绕环保疏浚深度的确定,介绍和分析了视觉分层法、拐点法、背景值法、标准偏差倍数法、频度控制法、生态风险指数法、分层释放法和吸附解析法等方法及其优缺点.接着总结了应用不同工艺疏浚过程中产生的底泥扩散、泄漏和残留原因及影响方面的研究成果,提出了疏浚决策对疏浚工艺的选用要求.最后从重视疏浚后环境效果的过程回溯、悬浮态颗粒物影响以及实质性融入生态风险理念等方面,对湖泊环保疏浚决策的研究进行了展望.本文认为,湖泊的疏浚效果未达到预期多与忽视决策研究有关.决策上的主观性和任意性,不仅可能造成资金的浪费,还容易造成生态环境效益的损害.湖泊的环保疏浚不可能一劳永逸,也不是每个污染的湖泊都需要或可以采用疏浚方式来改善水环境,即使达到了环保疏浚的必要性研究和工程量设计水平,仍需要外源的有效控制和高精度、低扩散、低泄漏的疏浚工艺作为保证.     

设施农业生产区降雨径流和氮磷输出特征及模拟——以滇池东岸花卉大棚种植区为例

为掌握滇池流域花卉大棚种植区的非点源污染特征,提高和改善滇池水环境质量,本研究选取呈贡县斗南村花卉大棚种植区作为研究对象,在实测降雨径流数据的基础上,通过建立Storm Water Management Model模型分别对全年连续降雨条件下和典型设计降雨条件下的降雨径流水质、水量进行了模拟.研究结果表明:1)模型的流量、化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))、悬浮物(SS)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数分别为0.858、0.835、0.803、0.712和0.752,能够较好地模拟研究区域的水质、水量变化.2)研究区域的平均径流系数为0.59,CODCr、SS、TN和TP的单位面积负荷率分别为118.34、82.90、54.64和5.46 kg/(hm~2·a),TN和TP是主要控制的污染物.3)各污染物浓度峰值的出现时间均早于流量峰值出现的时间,因此对滇池东岸花卉大棚种植区应进行污染物尤其是TP、TN浓度与流量错峰控制.