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871.
LI Chengcai MAO Jietai Alexis K. H. Lau YUAN Zibing WANG Meihua LIU Xiaoyang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)
The direct correlation between NASA MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) products and the air pollution index (API) in Beijing was found relatively low based on the long-term comparison analysis. The correlation improved to some extent after taking account of the seasonal variation of scale height and the vertical distribution of aerosols. The correlation coefficient further improved significantly after considering the influencing factor of Relative Humidity (RH). This study concluded that satellite remote-sensing could serve as an efficient tool for monitoring the spatial distribution of particulate pollutants on the ground-level, as long as corrections have been made in the two aforementioned processes. Taking advantage of the MODIS information, we analyzed a pollution episode occurring in October 2004 in Beijing. It indicated that satellite remote-sensing could describe the formation process of the ground-level pollution episode in detail, and showed that regional transport and the topography were crucial factors to air quality in Beijing. The annual averaged distribution in the urban area of Beijing and its surroundings could be also obtained from the high-resolution retrieval results, implicating that high-resolution satellite remote-sensing might be potential in monitoring the source distribution of particulate pollutants. 相似文献
872.
辽河流域铁岭段水质现状分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文依据辽河流域铁岭段的水质监测数据,对辽河流域铁岭段水质现状进行了分析评价,并对辽河铁岭段的地表水水资源保护提出了建议. 相似文献
873.
P. Kumar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2005,114(5):565-571
Based on the inherent property of symmetry of air pollution models, a Symmetrical Air Pollution Model Index (SAPMI) has been
developed to calibrate the accuracy of predictions made by such models, where the initial quantity of release at the source
is not known. For exact prediction the value of SAPMI should be equal to 1. If the predicted values are overestimating then
SAPMI is <1 and if it is underestimating then SAPMI is >1. Specific design for the layout of receptors has been suggested
as a requirement for the calibration experiments. SAPMI is applicable for all variations of symmetrical air pollution dispersion
models. 相似文献
874.
The study of hydrogeochemical data sets frequently calls for statistical dimension reducing techniques. It is well known that
hydrochemical parameters are compositions and, for this type of data, the direct application of classical statistical methods
based on the correlation matrix yield spurious results. But new results on compositional data analysis have identified the
sampling space, the simplex, with an Euclidean space, a fact that allows us to define a simplicial factor analysis strategy,
thus overcoming the problem. For illustration, we use samples from the Llobregat River and its tributaries (NE Spain). Three
unobservable or latent factorial components are extracted, which are identified with pristine waters, potash-mining influence
and urban sewage influence. These three factorial components or compositional factors are plotted in a factorial ternary diagram,
which reflects the relative influence of each one of these factors on each observation. 相似文献
875.
The development and propagation of a pollution gradient in the marine boundary layer over the Arabian Sea during the Intensive
Field Phase of the Indian Ocean Experiment (1999) is investigated. A hypothesis for the generation of the pollution gradient
is presented. Infrared satellite images show the formation of the pollution gradient as the leading edge of a polluted air
mass in the marine boundary layer and also its propagation over the Arabian Sea and the northern Indian Ocean. Aerosol data
measured from two research vessels over the Arabian Sea show a variation in the concentrations caused by the passage of this
pollution gradient. Depth of the pollution gradient was found to be about 800 m. A numerical model was used to simulate the
development of this gradient and its propagation over the ocean. Results show that its formation and structure are significantly
influenced by the diurnal cycle of coastal sea-land breeze circulations along India’s west coast. Transport of aerosols and
gases over the Arabian Sea in the lower troposphere from land sources appears to be through this mechanism with the other
being the elevated land plume. 相似文献
876.
运用树木年轮学方法研究了北京南郊土壤环境中元素含量随时间序列演变的规律。依据吸收系数研究了相同土壤类型上生长的不同树种对12种化学元素的吸收状况,结果表明不同树种对元素的吸收情况不同。Zn、Cd和P3个元素吸收系数较高。对杨树年轮及其根部土壤中9种化学元素(Na、K、Cu、Zn、As、Sr、Cd、Ba、Pb)的相关性研究结果表明,年轮中元素的含量与其根土中对应元素的含量呈正相关。采用对数线性相关模式(lgC'=algC+b),根据逐年年轮中Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Ba、Pb6种化学元素的含量,反演6种元素在土壤中的逐年(1982—2004年)演变状况。本技术方法能为追溯近代城市化几十年以来的环境污染变迁历史、预测未来污染演变趋势提供更为丰富和科学的信息。 相似文献
877.
典型矿业城市的土壤重金属分布特征与复合污染评价——以“镍都”金昌市为例 总被引:31,自引:3,他引:31
通过对甘肃省金昌市(镍矿城市)建成区的土壤重金属调查研究,揭示了其重金属来源、污染现状及其环境风险。结果表明:当地主要矿产品Ni和Cu两种重金属的土壤污染最严重,与《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)的III级标准比较,样品Ni和Cu的超标率分别为70%和57%,污染面积分别为26 km2和24 km2;土壤As和Cd污染主要集中在矿冶区和尾砂库附近,居民区土壤污染程度低;土壤Cr污染出现在尾砂库和采矿区附近,污染面积为3 km2。在城区土壤中,Co、Cu、Cd、Pb与Zn的污染来源及空间分布具有相似特征,而土壤As污染与Ni污染特征相近。Nemero综合指数评价结果表明,高风险区域主要分布在东部矿冶区、北部尾砂库和西南角采矿区,城市居民区的土壤重金属污染水平较低。 相似文献
878.
近30年来中国西部河谷型城市水体污染变化趋势与机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
主要利用统计资料研究了中国西部河谷型城市近20~30年来水环境污染的变化趋势和水环境污染的发展阶段。在此基础上,从单位工业增加值排放强度、污染物的排放与治理、治理能力等角度总结了我国西部河谷型城市水环境污染的机制。 相似文献
879.
分析了采自北极新奥尔松(Ny-lesund)(78°55′N,11°56′E)煤矿开采区水平剖面12个点位上的三种苔原植物Dicranumangustum(苔藓类植物)、Puccinelliaphryganodes(穗状植物)和Salixpolaris(管状植物)及土壤中10种重金属(Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni、Fe、Mn、As、Se)及S、TOC的含量。结果显示采矿过程中煤层的暴露是本地区的Hg、Cd、S污染的主要来源。三种分布最广泛、数量最多的苔原植物中苔藓植物Dicranumangustum对重金属元素具有最大的富集能力,位于矿区的Dicranumangustu体内污染元素含量显著高于非矿区部分,这也说明该水平剖面上的元素污染是由当地煤矿开采导致的。同时发现,Dicranumangustum体内元素积累和土壤中元素浓度之间沿水平剖面的变化趋势较一致,能较好地反映本地区的污染状况,可以作为污染监测和指示植物。从全球区域对比来看,北极新奥尔松苔藓体内污染水平显著低于邻近的北欧等工业区,但却是北极地区Hg、Cd和S污染最严重地区,同时也比南极地区高。 相似文献
880.