ROCKS & MINERALS DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS

正20141456 Chen Juan(Laboratory of High Temperature and High Pressure Study of the Earth’s Interior,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang550002,China);Tang Hongfeng Progress in Analytical Methods of Tungsten Isotope and Experimental Research on Digestion of Whole     

Effects of the peat acid digestion protocol on geochemically and morphologically diverse tephra deposits

Tephra shards for electron probe microanalysis are most efficiently extracted from peat using acid digestion, which removes organic material that hinders density separation methods. However, strong acids are known to alter glass chemical compositions, and several studies have examined how acid digestion affects rhyolitic volcanic glass. The focus on rhyolitic tephra in these studies leaves considerable uncertainty, as the dissolution rates of natural glasses (including tephra) are determined by the chemical composition and surface area/volume ratio, both of which vary in tephra deposits. Here, we use duplicate samples of basaltic, trachydacitic and rhyolitic tephra to examine physical and geochemical alteration following acid digestion. Scanning electron microscope imagery reveals no discernible degradation of glass surfaces, and electron probe microanalysis results from duplicate samples are statistically indistinguishable. These findings suggest the acid digestion protocol for organic peats does not significantly alter glass geochemistry regardless of shard morphologies or geochemical compositions.     

Comparative Analysis of Nutrient Composition of Caulerpa lentillifera from Different Regions

This study investigated the difference of nutrient composition in Caulerpa lentillifera collected from different regions.The nutrient compositions of C.lentillifera from China's Hainan and Shandong provinces were determined and compared with those from Semporna(Malaysia),Sabah(Malaysia),Petchburi(Thailand),and two other species of seaweeds(Malaysia).The results showed that the polysaccharide and protein contents of C.lentillifera from Hainan(44.82%±0.98%and 12.5%±0.70%),Shandong(43.22%±1.42%and 14.7%±0.72%),Petchburi(59.27%±2.31%and 12.49%±0.30%),and Sabah(44.02%±2.01%and 19.38%±1.48%)were higher than those of Eucheuma cottonii(26.49%±3.01%and 9.76%±1.33%)and Sargassum polycystum(33.49%±1.70%and 5.40%±0.07%),respectively.The polyunsaturated fatty acid contents in C.lentillifera from Hainan(29.98%)and Shandong(22.11%)were higher than that in Semporna(16.76%±0.27%),Sabah(9.49%),and S.polycystum(20.34%±0.43%),but lower than that in E.cottonii(51.55%±0.57%).In Caulerpa lentillifera of Hainan and Shandong provinces,the essential amino acid(EAA)/total amino acid(TAA)ratios were 35.22%and 38.78%,respectively;and the EAA/ETAA ratios were 54.36%and 63.35%,respectively.The EAA composition of C.lentillifera was close to the ideal model of Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization.C.lentillifera was rich in mineral elements,including calcium((3315.85±127.55)mg(100 g)^-1 and(3728.35±92.38)mg(100 g)^-1),magnesium((6715.74±82.58)mg(100 g)^-1 and(8128.59±242.72)mg(100 g)^-1),and trace elements,including iron((510.65±5.47)mg(100 g)^-1 and(1972.97±183.35)mg(100 g)^-1),selenium((1.04±0.08)mg(100 g)^-1 and(0.83±0.15)mg(100 g)^-1),and zinc((33.90±0.13)mg(100 g)^-1 and(11.75±2.05)mg(100 g)^-1).These results showed that C.lentillifera was more nutritious than S.polycystum or E.cottonii in terms of polysaccharide,protein,and fatty acid contents.Furthermore,both C.lentillifera species collected from Hainan and Shandong provinces show more basic nutrients.Therefore,C.lentillifera has important development and application prospects.     

Analysis of the Spatio-temporal Changes in Acid Rain and Their Causes in China (1998-2018)

With the rapid development of the economy, acid rain has become one of the major environmental problems that endanger human health. Being the largest developing country, the environmental problems caused by acid rain are of increasing concern with the rapid industrialization and urbanization in China. Recently, many researchers have focused on acid rain. To better understand the temporal and spatial dynamics of acid rain in China, the monitoring data on acid rain from 1998 to 2018 were studied using ArcGIS 10.2. The results show that the proportion of acid rain cities, the frequency, and the area of acid rain were decreasing, however, the situation still remains serious. Overall, the chemical type of acid rain was mainly sulfuric acid rain. However, the concentration ratio of SO₄ ^2-/NO₃ ^- decreased by 81.90% in 2018 compared with 1998, and presented a decreasing trend, which indicates that the contribution of nitrate to precipitation acidity has been increasing year by year. This research will help us to understand the distribution characteristics and causes of acid rain in China, and it may provide an effective reference for the prevention and control of acid rain in China.     

南极长城站酸雨监测的样品采集与分析

进行南极酸性湿沉降（降水ｐＨ值＜５．６）的监测研究是为开展全球环境大气化学动态监测、评价区域环境质量、制定环境标准,研究环境中化学元素的迁移、转化、富集规律,以及南极资源的保护和合理开发利用提供第一手的科学依据。利用１９９８年１～９月在中国南极长城站采集监测的酸雨资料综合分析得出,南极确有酸雨存在,在１０４个水样中,有１９个样品的ｐＨ值小于５．６,占总样品的１８．３％。根据南极环境背景值和出现酸雨时的风向,认为由于大气环流把远离南极的污染源传输到南极上空,遇降水即冲刷降至地面形成酸雨     

摘除眼柄对中华绒鳌蟹肝脏结构及其氨基酸含量影响的研究

报道摘除中华绒鳌蟹眼柄对其肝脏结构及其氨基酸含量的影响。实验分成两组,即摘除眼柄和对照组。摘除眼柄使中华绒鳌蟹肝脏中Ｂ细胞明显增多,Ｆ细胞和Ｅ细胞减少,促使肝脏物质的分泌和肝脏中储存的物质向精巢转移,对肝脏氨基酸含量有一定的影响。     

黄渤海海水中丙烯酸的生成与降解的初步研究

在黄渤海海域对β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐（DMSP）降解产生丙烯酸和丙烯酸的降解过程做了初步研究。结果表明,海水中有明显的DMSP降解和丙烯酸的生成现象。在DMSP降解初期,DMSP不断降解,丙烯酸则在经过1 h后浓度开始上升,达到最大值后再次下降。起始DMSP浓度越高,降解得越完全,且丙烯酸最大值越大。在观测的5 h内,丙烯酸的表观降解速率总是大于DMSP的表观降解速率,且两者都与初始浓度成正相关。在丙烯酸的降解过程中,黑暗条件下起始浓度越大,丙烯酸变化速率越大,而光照条件下则恰好相反。光化学反应中前2 h表现为丙烯酸的光化学生成,而后2 h表现为光化学降解。     

磷矿中P2O5的快速测定

本文用自行设计的一种简易,安全的聚四氟乙烯溶样罐,与新型,高效的微波溶样技术相结合,进行磷矿的分解,溶样时间仅需２ｍｉｎ,并首次将该技术与流动注射一分光光度法联用,测定其中Ｐ２Ｏ２质量分数,结果准确,可靠,实现了从溶样到测定的一套快速分析方法。     

饵料添加包膜维生素C和维生素C磷酸酯镁对中国对虾幼体的影响

于１９９６年４－５月,在山东即墨市田横镇对虾育苗场,以包膜维生素Ｃ和维生素Ｃ磷酸酯镁两种类型的维生素Ｃ添加饵料饲喂中国对虾蚤状幼体和糠虾幼体,以便研究在饵料中添加不同类型的维生素Ｃ对中国对虾早期幼体生长与存活的影响以及适宜的添加量。结果表明,添加包膜维生素Ｃ饲喂蚤状幼体的效果优于维生素Ｃ磷酸酯镁,其最适添加量为２ｍｇ／ｇ饵料;添加维生素Ｃ磷酸酯镁饲喂糠虾幼体的效果优于包膜维生素Ｃ,添加量为１－５ｍ     

兰州市区酸雨及其生成机制

通过对１９９２ ～１９９４ 年１７９ 个降水过程的ｐ Ｈ 值分析发现,这３ 年期间兰州市区共出现了２１次酸雨,且酸雨出现次数占降水总次数的１１ ．７ ％ ;兰州市区酸雨主要发生在夏半年;兰州酸雨的形成与市区空气中高 Ｓ Ｏ２ 和 Ｎ Ｏ Ｘ 源密切相关。