主应力轴循环旋转下高密实粉土稳定性影响研究

为研究主应力轴循环旋转对粉土性状影响,对长江入海口高密实饱和粉土进行了主应力轴180°转幅的循环旋转试验。试验发现,等向固结的高密实粉土在恒定动剪应力比的主应力轴循环旋转下能发生孔压达到初始围压水平的液化破坏,但液化前孔压开展会因动应力水平的不同而呈现以渐变相态点和激变相态点区分的3阶段变化形式,或仅以激变相态点区分的两阶段变化形式。试样应变开展则始终呈现由崩塌点区分的两阶段变化形式,且孔压激变相态点与应变崩塌点同步反映了土体结构崩塌状态,崩塌状态时主应变差双向幅值限制在0.2%～0.4%这一较小范围内。试样进行主应力轴旋转达到崩塌时的应力状态与频率无显著关系,可由 - 空间中一条准不稳定状态线归一化。而以崩塌状态为终点进行归一化的主应力轴循环旋转下孔压振次曲线,可用修正的Seed公式进行较好拟合     

任意位移模式刚性挡土墙土压力研究

改进了水平层分析法,用于计算任意位移模式的土压力分布。对不同位移模式下水平微分单元进行受力分析,认为位移模式只影响了层间等效内摩擦角。根据前人提出的内摩擦角逐渐发挥的概念,将层间等效内摩擦角与挡土墙位移模式联系起来,并应用到水平层分析法中,实现了能够定量反映位移模式的土压力计算方法。分析表明：随位移模式变化,土压力合力大小始终保持不变且与库仑理论计算结果相一致,土压力分布和合力作用点则变化显著。试验数据验证了方法的合理性和可靠性。研究成果可供刚性挡土墙土压力计算参考     

动力排水固结法加固软土路基的模型试验研究

软土中孔隙水压力长消规律是研究动力排水固结法加固机制及控制施工效果的关键因素。针对这一问题,设计了动力排水固结法加固软土路基的模型试验装置并进行了试验。试验模拟某高速公路现场条件,按不同锤重、不同落距、不同锤底面积等工况分别进行。重点研究了动力排水固结法加固软土路基时,夯击击数、夯击能、夯锤重量及落距等参数在不同组合情况下土体不同深度处孔隙水压力的长消规律。研究表明,夯击能相同的情况下增加夯击次数将导致孔隙水压力消散减慢,但保持夯击能不变的情况下增加锤重比增加落距的加固效果好;高夯击能能使孔隙水压力有较大增幅,相应的加固范围也会增大。为了促使孔隙水压力消散,施工时宜采取多遍夯击,逐遍增加夯击能的施工方法     

不同应力路径下超固结黏土试样变形局部化分析

基于改进伏斯列夫面超固结黏土三维本构模型,利用有限元软件ABAQUS材料子程序接口,采用回映应力更新算法,实现了该模型在有限元分析中的应用。通过该模型与比奥固结理论的耦合,对超固结比为8的超固结黏土在三轴压缩、三轴伸长及平面应变应力条件下的变形局部化问题,进行了水-土耦合弹塑性有限元分析。分析结果表明：剪切带带内、带外点经历不同应力路径;剪切带带外单元经历了体缩、剪胀及被吸水体缩过程,而剪切带带内单元一直保持剪胀趋势;剪切带的形成伴随着剪胀,剪切带内、外出现了负的孔压,且孔压的分布也具有局部化特性。关于剪切带带内、外的孔隙水压及体变变化趋势与剪切速率有关,而平面应变介于三轴压缩与三轴伸长之间,但平面应变较早出现剪切带。孔隙水的迁移速度影响剪切带带内单元的剪胀,进而影响剪切带的形成及发展;而围压和弱单元位置也对剪切带的形成也有影响。     

考虑土拱效应预应力锚拉桩土压力研究

针对预应力锚拉桩设计中土压力计算模式存在的问题,借鉴工程设计中的点锚和格构锚原理,提出了一种新的计算方法--基于三维土拱效应的土压力计算模式。利用土条极限平衡原理,推导了作用在桩及挡板上的土压力,建立了表征土压力强度的1阶线性微分方程,得到了沿桩身轴线的土压力分布曲线,并从参数 和 的变化对土压力的影响方面,与《重庆市地质灾害防治工程设计规范》[1]和《建筑边坡工程技术规范》[3]的计算结果进行了对比分析,结果表明桩板上所受土压力沿桩板竖向呈锯齿状分布,土压力强度计算值远小于规范计算值; 的变化对土压力有明显影响,工程设计中不应忽略 对减小土压力的贡献;考虑土拱效应更符合工程实际受力特性     

初始剪应力与加荷速率共同作用下饱和软黏土孔压模型试验研究

通过GDS循环三轴试验系统,对循环荷载作用下饱和软黏土的孔压变化规律进行了研究,分析了循环应力比,初始剪应力与振动频率对孔隙水压力的影响。研究结果表明：随着循环应力比的增加,孔压发展速度增快。循环荷载作用下饱和软黏土存在临界循环应力比,通过孔压也可以确定其值大小。在循环初期,孔压率较大,随着循环时间的增加,孔压率逐渐减小。随着循环应力比的增加,孔压率增加。振动频率对孔压比-循环次数关系影响明显,随着频率的增加,孔压比减小;然而,当振动频率大于1 Hz时,振动频率对孔压比-时间与孔压率-时间关系影响不明显。随着初始剪应力的增大,孔压增加。初始剪应力对应变率具有显著影响;随着初始剪应力的增加,应变率增加。在对数坐标下,孔压率与时间呈线性关系。在上述试验基础上建立了孔压率与时间关系表达式,通过积分得到了循环荷载作用下饱和软黏土的动孔压模型     

双向耦合循环剪切条件下超固结饱和海洋黏土孔压与强度特性研究

针对长江口地区的重塑饱和海洋黏土,进行了一系列均等固结条件下的应力控制式轴向-扭转双向耦合循环剪切试验,着重探讨了循环荷载分量比R与超固结比OCR对孔压与动强度特性的影响。试验结果表明,随着R的减小,波动孔压幅值逐渐降低,而残余孔压先降低后升高,R = 1时残余孔压最小。在循环耦合剪切作用过程中,对应相同循环次数,随着OCR的增大,累积孔压变小,而波动孔压幅值却在增大。对应相同循环次数比N/Nf,随着OCR增大,残余孔隙水压力比ur / urmax减小。经归一化处理后ur / urmax-N/Nf关系曲线对于正常固结与超固结饱和黏土可分别用不同的表达式来表达。随着R的降低,破坏循环次数先增大后减小,R = 1时最大。随着OCR的增大,饱和黏土的强度变化减小     

井底压力对岩石破碎的影响机制及应用研究

钻井液井底压力与地层孔隙压力是影响岩石破碎的重要因素,由于岩石具有一定的渗透率,在压力差的作用下钻井流体与地层流体之间会相互影响,导致靠近井底的地层孔隙压力发生变化。实际的地层孔隙压力随时间与距离变化的规律可以使用一维不稳定渗流模型来描述和计算。在此分析基础上,综合分析地应力、井底压力及钻头牙齿吃入地层产生的应力,计算出任意平面上所受的剪应力和正应力,然后使用摩尔–库仑准则来判定岩石的破坏。建立这样一个综合各种因素的井底岩石破碎模型,可以将各种因素尤其是实际井底压力差的作用清楚地表达出来。该模型可以较好地解释欠平衡钻井提高钻速的力学机制,并为随钻地层孔隙压力监测dc指数法的适用范围提供明确的计算方法     

‘Thailand was a desert' during the mid‐Cretaceous: Equatorward shift of the subtropical high‐pressure belt indicated by eolian deposits (Phu Thok Formation) in the Khorat Basin,northeastern Thailand

The Tibetan Plateau is a key factor in controlling the present‐day climate and atmospheric circulation pattern in Asia. The pattern of atmospheric circulation after the uplift of the plateau is well known, whereas direct evidence is lacking regarding the nature of the circulation pattern prior to the uplift. The distribution of desert directly reflects the position of the subtropical high‐pressure belt, and the prevailing surface‐wind pattern recorded in desert deposits reveals the position of its divergence axis. Cretaceous eolian sandstone of the Phu Thok Formation is extensively exposed in the northern Khorat Basin, northeastern Thailand. We conducted a sedimentological study on this formation to reconstruct temporal changes in the latitude of the subtropical high‐pressure belt in low‐latitude Asia during the Cretaceous. Spatio‐temporal changes in the paleo‐wind directions recorded in the Phu Thok Formation reveal that the Khorat Basin mainly belonged to the northeast trade wind belt and subtropical high‐pressure belt was situated to the north of the Khorat Basin during the initial stages of deposition, shifted southward to immediately above the basin during the main phase of deposition, and then shifted northward again to the north of the basin during the final stages of deposition. The paleomagnetic polarity sequence obtained for the Phu Thok Formation comprises three zones of normal polarity and two of reversed polarity, correlating to chrons M1n to C34n of the geomagnetic polarity time scale. This result suggests that the Phu Thok Formation is mid‐Cretaceous in age (from c. 126 Ma to c. 99–93 Ma), similar to the age of eolian sandstone in the Sichuan Basin, southern China (the Jiaguan Formation). These results, in combination with paleo‐wind direction data, suggest the development of low‐latitude desert and an equatorward shift of the subtropical high‐pressure belt (relative to the present‐day) in Asia during the mid‐Cretaceous.     

Genetic algorithm for fitting a mixed Bingham distribution to 3D orientations: a tool for the statistical and paleostress analyses of fracture orientations

The clustering of fracture orientations is important for tectonic studies and for geotechnical engineering. In this study, a real‐coded genetic algorithm was adopted to fitting a mixed Bingham distribution to orientation data by maximizing the log‐likelihood function of the distribution. The maximization is a difficult problem, because the function has multimodality and singularity. It was found that the algorithm was effective for this problem. Given the orientations of dilational fractures, the present method determines not only the stress axes and stress ratio of each of the fracture groups but also the maximum non‐dimensionalized fluid pressure at the time of their formation. In addition, the software calculates the 95 % error ellipses of the concentration axes. The present method found that the orientations of ore veins of the Akenobe Mine, SW Japan, should be partitioned into three clusters. It is shown that two of the groups had distinctive Zn and Sn contents, and that the ore fluids had overpressures only slightly greater than the minimum principal stress at the time of the deposition of Zn‐ and Sn‐rich veins.