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991.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(3):218-229
ABSTRACTThe present study deals with the determination of passive earth pressure under seismic condition by following the lower bound finite elements limit analysis and modified pseudo-dynamic methodology. In accordance with the lower bound finite elements formulation, the stress field was modelled using a three-noded triangular elements, while the passive pressure was determined via linear optimisation. The parametric study was performed, for a vertical rigid retaining wall, by varying the magnitude of seismic acceleration in horizontal direction (kh) between 0 and 0.3, while the vertical seismic acceleration (kv) was kept equal to 0 or 0.5 kh. Furthermore, the damping coefficient for dry cohesionless backfill was kept ξ = 10%. The obtained results in various cases were found to be in good agreement with those found in the literature. It is expected that this method can be further used for solving other important geotechnical stability problems. 相似文献
992.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(4):237-245
The increasing use of backfill in underground mines requires a proper evaluation of the stress state in and around the filled openings. This is, however, a relatively complex issue due, in part, to the large contrast in strength and stiffness between the backfill material and surrounding rock mass. In recent years, it has been shown that arching theory, based on limit equilibrium analysis, can be used to estimate the stress distribution in backfilled stopes. Nonetheless, many simplifications are involved in such analytical solutions and this affects the precision and significance of the calculated results. In this paper, a previously developed solution is enhanced by introducing the combined effects of non-uniform vertical stress distribution and positive pore water pressure. This leads to a more representative analytical solution, as demonstrated by successful comparisons with numerical simulations. The results indicate that the proposed solution can be used to estimate the effective and total stress state in submerged or partially submerged backfilled stopes with a simple geometry. 相似文献
993.
塔里木盆地凝析气田的地质特征及其形成机制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
塔里木盆地凝析油气资源丰富,已发现了二十余个凝析气田,包括库车坳陷的陆相油气来源的凝析气田和台盆区海相烃源岩来源的凝析气田;储层有碎屑岩,也有碳酸盐岩;时代自奥陶系至新生代均有分布。这些凝析气田的气油比分布在600~19900m3/m3,凝析油含量40~750g/m3;储层温度在78~155℃;地层压力在37~111MPa。研究认为,塔里木盆地凝析气藏的成因类型可以分为原生凝析气藏和次生凝析气藏。其中,以库车坳陷迪那2凝析气田为代表的煤系烃源岩在高演化阶段(镜质体反射率Ro为1.2%~2.0%),即凝析油和湿气生成带所形成的原生腐植型凝析气藏或煤成型凝析气藏。次生凝析气藏包括两类:陆相油气来源的多期充注,晚期干气对早期油藏发生混合改造,形成了以牙哈为代表的陆相油气成因的次生凝析气藏;以海相油气来源,多期油气充注与晚期干气气侵,造成蒸发分馏,在运移、聚集和成藏过程中烃体系分异、富化,发生反凝析作用,从而导致次生凝析气藏的形成。随着塔里木盆地勘探向深层转化,地层的温度和压力逐渐增高,烃类演化程度的升高,不同生烃阶段的烃体系混合也将更为普遍,次生凝析气藏也将更为普遍,因此,以海相油气来源的次生成因型凝析气藏将成为勘探的主体。 相似文献
994.
995.
Population growth and loss of arable land 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bo R. Ds 《Global Environmental Change》2002,12(4)
I discuss the loss of cropland in developing countries in connection with the ongoing land conversion caused by the growing population and socio-economic development, resulting in an increased demand for housing, industry, infrastructure, etc.Based on assumptions about the required space per capita for other purposes than agriculture, the portion of this area that is removed from presently used cropland, and the quality of the available land reserves, the required demand for land reserves has been calculated.The main conclusions are that during the next three decades (i) the loss of cropland is likely to be within the range 30–60 Mha, (ii) the reserve land utilized will be about 100–200 Mha, and (iii) the reserve land still in use after 30 years, about 50–100 Mha. 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
Evaluation of pile foundation response to lateral spreading 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The effects of liquefaction on deep foundations are very damaging and costly, and they keep recurring in many earthquakes. The first part of the paper reviews the field experience of deep foundations affected by liquefaction during earthquakes in the last few decades, as well as the main lessons learned. The second part of the paper presents results of physical modeling of deep foundations in the presence of liquefaction conducted by the authors and others at the 100g-ton RPI centrifuge. In the last decade centrifuge modeling has been identified as a key tool to identify and quantify mechanisms, calibrate analyses and evaluate retrofitting strategies for pile foundations. Results are presented of centrifuge models of instrumented pile foundations subjected to lateral spreading, including single pile and pile groups, 2- and 3-layer soil profiles, mass and stiffening elements above ground to incorporate the effect of the superstructure, and evaluation of proposed retrofitting strategies. Interpretations of these centrifuge experiments and their relation to field observations and soil properties. 相似文献
999.
Tadahiro Fukusumi Hitodhi Ozaki Masao Koba 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(9-12):893-899
During the 1995 Hyogoken Nambu earthquake in Kobe, the ground motion at the filled man-made islands in the Kobe harbor was not as severe as that at the mainland. The building damage was also less compared to that on the mainland. It was found by comparative study of earthquake records that the magnitude of acceleration response on the ground surface decreases at the islands as opposed to the mainland. One dimensional effective stress analysis is adopted in this study. Input data has been generated from test results, e.g. the SPT N-value by standard penetration test and shear wave velocity Vs by PS logging. Results obtained by the analyses showed good agreement with the observed records, which is an indication of the suitability of the adopted analysis procedure. From this study, the followings are concluded. By the increase of SPT N-value of the filled layers, liquefaction near ground surface is restrained and damage modes such as ejection of water and soil can be prevented. Since the ground profile at the islands is that considerably soft filled layer and marine clay layers, etc. are present and the thickness of the surface layer is large, the initial natural period of the ground is above 1 s and the natural period is elongated further under the earthquake excitation, which is deemed to be the principal reason for the reduction of the earthquake motion at the ground surface. 相似文献
1000.
Flow and deformation failure of sandy slopes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The effects of earthquake induced pore pressure on seismic and post seismic stability conditions of cohesionless slopes are investigated with reference to the infinite slope scheme. In cohesionless slopes the shear strength reduction caused by pore pressure build-up may lead the slope to a deformation failure or to a flow failure if liquefaction conditions are approached. Two critical values of the seismic induced pore pressure ratio are introduced to evaluate the effect of shear strength reduction on the slope failure mechanism. The results are given in the form of stability charts and a procedure for the evaluation of the seismic stability condition is described. The procedure gives useful information about the failure mechanism that slopes may exhibit and the displacement analysis which should be carried out. 相似文献