含油气盆地油气成藏流体动力系统划分的方法

流体动力系统是控制油气藏形成和分布的基本单元,在含油气盆地分析中,划分流体动力系统,确定流体动力系统的类型,进而按类型研究不同系统的成藏作用和油气藏分布规律,是指导油气勘探的一条有效途径。而在盆地内进行纵、横向上流体动力系统的划分,是一个基于构造、地层、温度、流体动力和流体化学等方面以及温度-压力关系综合分析的一个十分复杂的资料整理、信息加工和逻辑推理过程,其目的主要是在纵向上把控制油气成藏的不同的流体动力系统分开,在横向上确定重力驱动流(来自地表的淡水)侵入的范围。本文在近几年研究探索和实践的基础上,总结和阐述了纵向上流体动力系统划分的原理和横向上侧向重力驱动流侵入范围的确定方法。     

西华山脉钨矿床的形成压力及有关花岗岩的侵位深度

文章阐述了西华山黑钨矿-石英脉与普通热液石英脉的不同之处;分析了前人所获压力值较低(30~70MPa)的主要原因;利用黑钨矿-石英脉绿柱石中两相气液包裹体和不混溶硅酸盐熔融包裹体的有关资料及相关相图,求得西华山脉钨矿床的形成压力为200MPa。根据西华山脉钨矿床产出的地质特征以及岩石学、矿物学、稳定同位素和流体包裹体地球化学等证据论证了这一压力的合理性。     

Construction of three-phase data to model multiphase flow in porous media: Comparing an optimization approach to the finite element approach

Multiphase flow modelling is a major issue in the assessment of groundwater pollution. Three-phase flows are commonly governed by mathematical models that associate a pressure equation with two saturation equations. These equations involve a number of secondary variables that reflect the fluid behaviour in a porous medium. To improve the computational efficiency of multiphase flow simulators, several simplified reformulations of three-phase flow equations have been proposed. However, they require the construction of new secondary variables adapted to the reformulated flow equations. In this article, two different approaches are compared to quantify these variables. A numerical example is given for a typical fine sand.     

复合注浆法在基础加固中的应用

复合注浆法是将静压注浆法和高压旋喷注浆法进行时序上的结合，分别发挥两种注浆加固方法各自的优点，又可克服各自的技术和工艺缺陷的一种基础加固新方法，它可以较好地对既有建筑物地基和新建建筑基础出现质量问题进行加固处理。简述了复合注浆法的加固作用机理、设计及计算模型，在此基础上通过工程实例介绍其施工技术并分析其加固效果和经济性。     

Dehydration melting of solid amphibolite at 2.0 GPa: Effects of time and temperature

The dehydration melting of the natural rock at high pressure is important to investigating the magma formation in the earth’s interior. Since the 1970s, a lot of geological scientists have paid more atten- tion to the dehydration melting of the natural rock[1―5]. Previous experiments of dehydration melting and observations of fieldwork argued that the dehy- dration melting of the rock was probably the most important fashion for the melting of the lower crust rock[6―12]. The genesis of most …     

循环荷载下复合筒型基础地基孔隙水压力变化及液化分析

复合筒型基础是一种新型的宽浅式基础型式。在风、波浪、海流等动力荷载的作用下,复合筒型基础内外地基孔隙水压力的变化对结构安全产生影响。模拟了复合筒型基础受到的风浪流荷载,并将风浪流荷载合理叠加,采用三维有限元方法分析了风浪流联合作用下复合筒型基础地基动力响应规律。同时对复合筒型基础内外地基孔隙水压力的变化规律及液化范围进行了系统分析,通过分析发现：复合筒型基础附近海床液化深度随着饱和度、渗透系数、波浪周期、水深的增大而增大,随着泊松比的增大而减小。     

Mass Fractions of S,Cu, Se,Mo, Ag,Cd, In,Te, Ba,Sm, W,Tl and Bi in Geological Reference Materials and Selected Carbonaceous Chondrites Determined by Isotope Dilution ICP‐MS

Mass fractions of S, Cu, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Te, Ba, Sm, W and Tl were determined by isotope dilution sector field ICP‐MS in the same sample aliquot of reference materials using HF‐HNO₃ digestion in PFA beakers in pressure bombs and glassy carbon vessels in a high‐pressure asher (HPA‐S) for comparison. Additionally, Bi was determined by internal standardisation relative to Tl. Because isobaric and oxide interferences pose problems for many of these elements, efficient chromatographic separation methods in combination with an Aridus desolvator were employed to minimise interference effects. Repeated digestion and measurement of geological reference materials (BHVO‐1, BHVO‐2, SCo‐1, MAG‐1, MRG‐1 and UB‐N) gave results with < 5% relative intermediate precision (1s) for most elements, except Bi. Replicates of NIST SRM 612 glass digested on a hot plate were analysed by the same methods, and the results agree with reference values mostly within 2% relative deviation. Data for the carbonaceous chondrites Allende, Murchison, Orgueil and Ivuna are also reported. Digestion in a HPA‐S was as efficient as in pressure bombs, but some elements displayed higher blank levels following HPA‐S treatment. Pressure bomb digestion yielded precise data for volatile S, Se and Te, but may result in high blanks for W.     

伊朗Y油田深井油套环空封隔液评价与优化研究

伊朗Y油田主力产层F油层属于典型的高温、高压、高产、有腐蚀性流体产出的油田。为了保障该油田的长效、高效、安全生产,需要对完井工艺及管柱保护进行防腐研究。采取完井时下入带封隔器的完井管柱,并在封隔器之上的油套环空注入防腐封隔液;室内对引进的2种环空封隔液体系进行了互溶性、高温稳定性、杀菌性等基础理化性能及对井下管材的腐蚀性的实验及评价。评价结果表明,CaCl2型环空封隔液高温稳定性较差,浸泡腐蚀速率值高值为0.062 mm/a,电偶腐蚀速率值高值为0.078 mm/a,均大于设定的腐蚀速率值0.05 mm/a。而引进的NaCl KCl型环空封隔液高温稳定性较好,浸泡腐蚀速率值高值为0.014 mm/a,电偶腐蚀速率值高值为0.037 mm/a,均低于设定的腐蚀速率值0.05 mm/a。鉴于此情况,对引进的CaCl2型环空封隔液进行改进并优化设计,确定合适的CaCl2型环空封隔液体系。优化设计后的CaCl2型环空封隔液高温稳定性良好,浸泡腐蚀和电偶腐蚀速率值均低于设定的腐蚀速率值,综合性能达到了现场应用要求。     

钻孔灌注桩后压浆作用机理与应用

通过对桩侧和桩底后压浆,可大幅度提高钻孔灌注桩单桩承载力.应用桩-土理论分析了后压浆中浆液对土体及桩体的作用,并从分析影响桩基承载力的因素出发,研究了后压浆的作用机理.在渗透率小的地层中后压浆以压密注浆为主,在渗透率大的地层中后压浆以渗透注浆为主.为避免过分压裂土层,在压浆过程中应控制灌浆压力.压浆量是影响后压浆质量和提高单桩承载力的关键因素之一.     

偏压连拱隧道优化施工的研究

针对多数连拱隧道修建中存在浅埋地形偏压结构受力状况,结合金丽温高速公路二期工程20多座隧道实际情况,选取有一定代表性浅埋地形偏压覆土厚度,对不同坡度1：1～1：1.5情况下（Ⅱ类取7种、Ⅲ类取3种）偏压连拱隧道结构受力及围岩屈服破坏等进行了施工步骤优化研究。结果表明,一般情况下,连拱隧道施工存在两种偏压效应：一种是因地形偏压引起,称之为“地形偏压”;而另一种则因连拱隧道的分部施工所引起,称之为“施工偏压”。这两种偏压有明确作用方向,产生结果也不相同。对连拱隧道左右洞,按“先外后里”工序施工,能够利用“施工偏压”来部分程度地“抵消”因地形偏压产生的结构偏压受力的不利情况。因此,采用“先外后里”工序施工,实为浅埋偏压情况下连拱隧道最优施工工序。