鄂尔多斯北缘断陷盆地区强震孕育的卫星遥感影像研究

利用多时相、多波段卫星图像,研究1979年五原6.0级地震、1989年大同-阳高6.1级地震和1996年包头西6.4级地震震区的构造活动信息,结合前人的烈度调查资料,探讨这些强震发生的地质构造环境。研究表明:1979年五原6.0级地震发生在NE向海子堰断裂与NW向五原西断裂交会的部位。五原6.0级地震高烈度区等震线长轴呈NE向,与海子堰断裂一致,是五原地震的发震构造。1996年包头西6.4级地震发生在由陡崖和沟槽地貌显示的NEE向乌拉山北缘断裂与NW向新生砂石厂断裂交会的部位。包头西6.4级地震高烈度区等震线长轴呈NE向,与乌拉山北缘断裂接近,该断裂是包头西6.4级地震的发震构造。2次地震高烈度区长轴与低烈度区长轴走向相差近90°,这是因为除发震构造外,烈度区还受一组与之交会的共轭断裂活动的影响。1989年大同-阳高6.1级地震,发生在从六棱山腹地向大同-阳高盆地延伸的NNE向大王村-西要泉断裂上,该断裂是大同-阳高地震的发震构造     

The December 26, 2004, off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, M W=9.0, earthquake and the critical-point-like model of earthquake preparation

Long-term seismic activity prior to the December 26, 2004, off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, M _W=9.0 earthquake was investigated using the Harvard CMT catalogue. It is observed that before this great earthquake, there exists an accelerating moment release (AMR) process with the temporal scale of a quarter century and the spatial scale of 1 500 km. Within this spatial range, the M _W=9.0 event falls into the piece-wise power-law-like frequency-magnitude distribution. Therefore, in the perspective of the critical-point-like model of earthquake preparation, the failure to forecast/predict the approaching and/or the size of this earthquake is not due to the physically intrinsic unpredictability of earthquakes. Foundation item: Ministry of Science and Technology Project (2004CB418406). Contribution No. 05FE3010, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration.     

Factors influencing determination of shale classification indices and their correlation to mechanical properties

The influence of sample preparation procedure on the measured classification indices such as clay-size fraction, liquid limit, and plastic limit of shales was investigated. Shale samples covering a wide range of composition and plasticity were tested using standard and modified preparation procedures to yield quantitative data required for this investigation. The study specifies the range of shale plasticity in which the measured values of clay-size fraction and liquid limit are sensitive to hydrometer specimen size and rehydration time, respectively. The study also revealed that the degree of shale particle disaggregation has an important influence on the measured clay-size fraction and liquid limit. This influence is maximized for shales with intermediate plasticity and can be interpreted in terms of particle size and shape. Correlations were established between classification indices derived from standard and modified sample preparation procedures. It is recommended to use these correlations to adjust shale classification indices derived from standard sample preparation procedures usually utilized by commercial laboratories. Such correlations help in creating a universally followed procedure for better estimation of shale engineering properties and reliable interpretation of case histories involving shale formations.     

扫描电子显微镜下放射虫化石制样方法的探讨

讨论了为获得放射虫化石的高质量的二次电子图像所采用的试样制备方法。通过多次试验,认为放射虫化石的表面导电处理应采用碳金双层镀膜法。在放射虫化石表面先蒸镀一层１０～２０ｎｍ厚的碳膜,然后根据放射虫化石的形态和表面结构的不同,溅射厚度不同的金膜;钟罩形、塔形放射虫化石的金膜厚度在６０～８０ｎｍ,带刺的球形放射虫化石的金膜厚度在８０～１４０ｎｍ,球形放射虫化石的金膜厚度在１４０～２００ｎｍ。     

A Preliminary Study on the Preparation of Four Pacific Ocean Polymetallic Nodule and Sediment Reference Materials: GSPN-2, GSPN-3, GSMS-2 and GSMS-3

The research project for the preparation of two polymetallic nodule (GSPN-2, GSPN-3) and two marine sediment (GSMS-2, GSMS-3) reference materials was completed in 1996. The samples were collected from the Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean and prepared to less than 74 μm fine powder. The homogeneity of the materials was tested by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The relative standard deviations (RSD %) of measurements of selected elements in samples taken from thirty bottles selected at random were less than 0.5%. Thirty four laboratories worldwide participated in the collaborative analysis programme. The number of elements or constituents analysed was seventy nine for nodules and eighty one for sediments. Among those, sixty three elements were certified in each sample. The sum of major elements or components is 99.7% for GSPN-2, 99.5% for GSPN-3, 99.8% for GSMS-2 and 99.8% for GSMS-3.     

共沸蒸馏法制备电气石超细粉末

分别以水和正丁醇为研磨介质，得到电气石超细粉末的液相悬浮体，利用水和正丁醇可以形成共沸物的特点，分别采用直接加热和共沸蒸馏法脱分散介质干燥悬浮体制备电气石超细粉末。透射电镜分析结果表明，直接加热脱去水或正丁醇会使电气石超细颗粒发生硬团聚，而共沸蒸馏法则可有效防止硬团聚的产生；拉曼光谱结果表明，共沸蒸馏法制备的电气石粉末表面存在O—H和C—H键，说明正丁醇在颗粒表面为化学吸附，而直接干燥法得到的电气石粉末表面则没有；X射线粉晶衍射结果表明，研磨过程降低了粉末衍射峰的强度，但直接加热干燥和共沸蒸馏干燥均未破坏电气石的晶格结构。正丁醇中的丁氧基在共沸蒸馏过程中在电气石颗粒表面可取代羟基，产生化学吸附，能有效防止液桥的产生，阻止干燥过程中超细粉末的硬团聚。     

Rb2CO3-C2H5OH-H2O三元体系中水合物的制备研究

在不同温度条件的Rb2 CO3-C2 H5OH -H2 O三元体系中 ,得到了Rb2 CO3的三种水合物 ,即Rb2 CO3·2 5H2 O ,Rb2 CO3·2H2 O ,Rb2 CO3·1 5H2 O。并通过X -射线粉末衍射、红外光谱、热分析对其进行了表征。结果表明可以利用混合溶剂进行盐类不同水合物的制备     

冰芯流动分析技术研究进展

保存于冰芯中冰川化学信息的完整提取,一直是制约冰芯分析技术发展的瓶颈,离散的样品准备工作大大限制了样品分析的数量和样品分析速度,并且在样品准备过程中样品容易受到污染和破坏,造成样品重要信息的损失。冰芯流动分析技术突破了这一瓶颈,成为最有应用前景的冰芯样品准备技术之一。本文综述了冰芯流动分析技术现状及其近年来应用冰芯流动分析技术开展极地冰芯样品分析的主要进展,并对其前景及发展方向作出展望。     

煤中铀的赋存分布及其在利用过程中的迁移特征

煤炭与铀两种资源在空间配置和成矿上有关联性,其合理开发利用及污染控制是我国国民经济和社会持续发展的重大需求。基于大量文献调研及前期研究成果,探讨了铀在煤中赋存分布及其在洗选、燃烧、淋滤过程中的迁移特征,取得一些认识:①煤中铀的富集成矿与成煤大地构造演化相关联,西南富铀煤主要与峨眉山玄武岩及断裂构造有关;西北富铀煤一般分布在拗陷和断拗陷盆地开阔地带一侧并与上覆砂岩型铀矿有关。②煤中铀主要与煤中有机质（主要是腐殖酸）结合,富铀煤中铀可以微细粒含铀矿物形式存在,并与有机硫、硫化物紧密共生,故在选煤过程中,无论重选还是浮选,其洗选脱除率均不高（最高为68.3%）,部分煤浮选时铀甚至富集到精煤中;在煤燃烧过程中,铀或多或少都会以气相形式挥发到大气中。③富铀煤一般也同时富集V、Mo、Se、Re、Cr等高价态变价元素,这与有机体深埋分解造成的强还原环境有关,对于那些不变价元素如Sc、Y、La等的沉淀富集主要与腐殖酸形成的酸化条件有关;这些共生组合元素,在富铀煤的分选及煤矸石的淋滤过程中表现出一致的迁移行为。④电厂燃煤过程中铀主要富集（呈数量级的增加）到飞灰和底灰中,粉煤灰中铀淋出浓度一般随淋滤液pH的增加呈降低趋势,其萃取率随灰化温度的升高呈现降低趋势。研究结果为铀资源利用和环境污染控制提供参考和依据。      

硫铁矿烧渣制备铁系化工产品研究方法综述

硫铁矿烧渣是一种二次资源,对其综合利用正引起广泛重视。目前烧渣的利用主要是围绕着铁系化工产品:铁盐(制取硫酸亚铁、二氯化铁),铁系颜料(制取氧化铁红、氧化铁黄、氧化铁黑),铁氧体材料——高纯磁性氧化铁,净水剂(生产聚合硫酸铁及复合净水剂)。今后,探索硫铁矿烧渣更好的综合利用,将会成为研究热点,这依赖于硫铁矿烧渣浸液中高效除杂剂的筛选和合理的除杂工艺。