榆神府矿区综合地质环境现状与预测

榆神府矿区由于特定的自然地理及地质背景,生态环境、地质环境十分脆弱,加之采矿工程引起地下水位下降,新增土地沙漠化和新增水土流失等环境地质问题。本次研究利用先进的神经网络模型对矿区综合地质环境现状进行了评价,并对在采煤条件下的发展趋势进行了预测,神府矿区地质环境质量现状以差为主,榆神矿区以中等为主,采煤后总体上矿区的地质环境质量有所下降。      

On the predictability of the 137Cs distribution in the Severn Estuary

The observed distribution of ¹³⁷Cs resulting from known sources in the Severn Estuary permits the testing of simple predictive models for the one-dimensional distribution of non-conservative substances in an estuary. These models either use a known distribution of salinity to infer corresponding ones for other substances, or else directly solve mass balance equations utilizing previously determined dispersion coefficients. Both methods are shown to previously determined dispersion coefficients. Both methods are shown to provide results comparing favorably with observations.Stokes drift plays an important role in the circulation of the Severn. A modified densimetric Froude number, including this drift, is therefore used to estimate the circulation and stratification of the estuary.A new equation is used for calculating the ¹³⁷Cs distribution from the observed salinity distribution. It generalizes previous formulations to permit variation of the net runoff with position along the estuary.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geographical Aspects of Health and Disease in India . Rais Akhtar and A.T.A. Learmonth , eds . Antarctic Treaty System: An Assessment . Proceedings of a Workshop at Beardmore South Field Camp, Antarctica. American Electoral Mosaics . J. Clark Archer and Fred M. Shelley . Kompas op Suidwes-Afrika/Namibie . W.S. Barnard , ed . Jerusalem in the 19th Century: The Old City . Yehoshua Ben -Arieh . The World as a Total System . Kenneth E. Boulding . A Social History of Housing 1815–1985, Second Ed . John Burnett . Human Migration . W.A.V. Clark . Regional Population Projection Models . Andrei Rogers . The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus . David Coleman and Roger Schofield , eds . Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology and the American Future . Joseph C. Corn , ed. Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantú . Michael R. Dove . Glacial Geologic Processes . David Drewry . Physics of Desertification . Farouk El -Baz and M.H.A. Hassan , eds . Housing the Homeless . Jon Erickson and Charles Wilhelm , eds . Settlement Patterns in Missouri: A Study of Population Origins, with a Wall Map . Russel L. Gerlach . Desert Development: Man and Technology in Sparselands . Yehuda Gradus , ed . Nuclear Winter. The Evidence and Risks . Owen Greene , Ian Percival and Irene Ridge . The Take-off of Suburbia and the Crisis of the Central City . Günter Heinritz and Elisabeth Lichtenberger , eds . Regional Input-Output Analysis . Geoffrey J. D. Hewings . Spatial Transportation Modeling . Christian Werner . The Atlas of Georgia . Thomas W. Hodler and Howard A. Schretter , eds . Latin America. 5th ed . Preston E. James and C.W. Minkel . Applied Remote Sensing . C.P. Lo . Localities, Class, and Gender . The Lancaster Regionalism Group . Urban Social Movements: The City after Castells . Stuart Lowe . Politics and Method . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan , eds . Land Use . A. S. Mather . The Kingdom of Coal . Donald L. Miller and Richard E. Sharpless . The Presidio and Militia on the Northern Frontier of New Spain, A Documentary History, Vol. 1: 1570–1700 . Thomas H. Naylor and Charles W. Polzer , S.J., comps . and eds . Nuclear Power: Siting and Safety . Stan Openshaw . The Central African Republic: The Continent's Hidden Heart . Thomas O'Toole . Environmental and Dynamic Geomorphology . Márton Pécsi , ed . Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation . Floyd F. Sabins , Jr . Acid Rain and Friendly Neighbors: The Policy Dispute between Canada and the United States . Jurgen Schmandt and Hilliard Roderick , eds . Earth's Changing Surface: An Introduction to Geomorphology . M.J. Selby . International Migration: The Female Experience . Rita J. Simon and Caroline B. Brettell , eds . On Geography and Its History . D.R. Stoddart . Transportation Networks: A Quantitative Approach . D. Teodorovic . Processes in Physical Geography . R.D. Thompson , A.M. Mannion , C.W. Mitchell , M. Parry , J.R.G. Townshend . Imaging Radar for Resources Surveys . J.W. Trevett . Dominance and Affection: The Making of Pets . Yi -Fu Tuan . Capturing the Horizon. The Historical Geography of Transportation since the Transportation Revolution of the Sixteenth Century . James E. Vance , Jr . Nations at Risk: The Impact of the Computer Revolution . Edward Yourdon .     

Calibrating Environment Canada's MESH Modelling System over the Great Lakes Basin

This paper reports on recent progress towards improved predictions of a land surface-hydrological modelling system, Modélisation Environmentale–Surface et Hydrologie (MESH), via its calibration over the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin. Accordingly, a “global” calibration strategy is utilized in which parameters for all land class types are calibrated simultaneously to a number of sub-basins and then validated in time and space. Model performance was evaluated based on four performance metrics, including the Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) coefficient and simulated compared with observed hydrographs. Results from two calibration approaches indicate that in the model validation mode, the global strategy generates better results than an alternative calibration strategy, referred to as the “individual” strategy, in which parameters are calibrated individually to a single sub-basin with a dominant land type and then validated in a different sub-basin with the same dominant land type. The global calibration strategy was relatively successful despite the large number of calibration parameters (51) and relatively small number of model evaluations (1000) used in the automatic calibration procedure. The NS values for spatial validation range from 0.10 to 0.72 with a median of 0.41 for the 15 sub-basins considered. Results also confirm that a careful model calibration and validation is needed before any application of the model.     

夏季地面温度场月预报的统计模式

用15年北半球夏季地面温度的资料分析了月平均场与该月前后一周左右的逐日平均场在时间和波数上的相关。发现越新、越靠后的日平均场与该月的平均场相关越强。用第0天外推的未来30天平均场与实况的相关比用前30天平均场作外推的相关要显著得多。由此得出结论认为各种预报方法的效果检验应与前者定义的惯性预报作比较。文中提出了几个用于作月预报的统计模式，分别用不同时间或不同波数作预报因子。其结果均使预报准确率有所提高。既用不同时间又用不同波数作预报因子的模式更为理想。文中最后讨论了一个源于动力学考虑的统计模式。近1400个月预报例子的结果与实况的平均相关系数高达0.75，显著优于惯性预报。     

中国煤炭资源分布现状和远景预测

以中国煤田地质总局组织完成的第三次全国煤田预测资料为基础,论述了中国煤炭资源的分布现状与前景。中国煤炭资源以石炭二叠纪及侏罗纪煤为主,形成北方太行山-贺兰山之间包括晋、陕、蒙、宁、豫和新疆塔里木河以北,以及南方川南、黔西、滇东富煤区;但煤类分布极不平衡。通过对地域分布、埋深、煤类等方面因素具体分析后认为,近期可供进一步找煤、普查的工作对象仅占6.4%;煤炭资源赋存比较丰富的省(区)潜力较大,而煤炭资源较缺地区则潜力甚小,南方经济发达的省(区)基本无找煤普查前景。以上研究,为中国在21世纪进行煤炭工业发展规划研究提供了资源依据。      

华北地区钼矿资源特征及成矿规律研究

[研究目的]钼(Mo)作为战略性矿产资源,查明华北地区钼矿资源,总结成矿规律,提出找矿方向,对研究区钼矿勘查部署具有重要意义.[研究方法]本文以研究区98处钼矿床(点)资料为基础,通过对钼矿资源禀赋、成矿特征、预测类型的梳理,系统剖析与总结对研究区钼矿床成矿时空规律、物质来源、控矿要素等,进而分析资源潜力,提出找矿方向...