Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Studies at Don Sixto,a Precious Metal Low Sulfidation Deposit in Mendoza Province,Argentina

The Don Sixto mining area in Mendoza province, central‐western Argentina, contains an epithermal low sulfidation Au–Ag deposit. It is a small deposit (～4 km²), with a gold resource of 36 t. In Don Sixto, ore minerals are disseminated in the hydrothermal quartz veins and hydrothermally altered volcanic‐pyroclastic rock units of Permian–Triassic age. On the basis of the texture, ore mineral paragenesis and cross cutting relationship of gangue minerals, seven stages of mineralization were recognized and described. The first six stages are characterized by quartz veins with minor amounts of base metal minerals and the last stage is represented by fluorite veins with minimal quantities of base metal minerals; the precious metal mineralization is mainly related to the fourth stage. The hydrothermal veins exhibit mainly massive, crustiform and comb infilling textures; the presence of bladed quartz replacement textures and quartz veins with adularia crystals are indicative of boiling processes in the system. Fluid inclusion and complementary stable isotope studies were performed in quartz, fluorite, and pyrite samples from the vein systems. The microthermometric data were obtained from primary, biphasic (liquid‐vapor) fluid inclusion assemblages in quartz and fluorite. The maximum values for salinity and homogenization temperature (T_h) came from the stage IV where quartz with petrographic evidence of boiling has average values of 4.96 wt% NaCl_equiv. and 286.9°C respectively. The lower values are related to the last stage of mineralization, where the fluid inclusions in fluorite have average salinities of 1.05 wt% NaCl_equiv. and average homogenization temperatures of 173.1°C. The oxygen and sulfur isotopic fractionation was analyzed in quartz and pyrite. The calculated isotopic fractionation for oxygen in the hydrothermal fluid is in the range of δ¹⁸O_H2O = ?6.92 up to ?3.08‰, which indicates dominance of a meteoric source for the water, while sulfur reaches δ³⁴S_H2S = 1.09‰, which could be reflecting a possible magmatic, or even a mixed source.     

Gem-corundum megacrysts from east Australian basalt fields: trace elements,oxygen isotopes and origins∗

Gem corundum, a minor but persistent megacryst in east Australian basalt fields, is mined from some placer concentrations. Laser ablation, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses and O isotope determinations on a colour range of corundum from different fields, show that chromophore (Fe, Cr, Ti, V) and genetic indicator (Ga, Mg, δ¹⁸O) values can distinguish corundum sources (magmatic, metamorphic and metasomatic) before basalt incorporation. They also characterise corundum groups from different fields. This identified two metamorphic groups, one carrying ruby at Barrington Tops, and a magmatic group distinct from those from other gem fields (lower Fe, northeast Tasmania; higher Fe, Yarrowitch). Ruby-bearing groups show clear provincial characteristics and include lower temperature spinel-facies groups (Barrington, Yarrowitch) and higher temperature garnet-facies groups (Cudgegong–Macquarie River). High Mg/Fe and Ni values in the latter approach those for corundum in diamond, and are a possible diamond indicator. The corundum derived from diverse fold-belt and felsic sources in underlying lithosphere forms a dataset for comparing corundum from other basalt fields.     

中国大陆科学钻100～850 m深度岩心的贵金属地球化学

本文对CCSD超深钻中首次获得的铂族元素及金、银的地球化学特点进行了分析和研究,结果表明各类样品的铂族元素含量均偏低,100～850 m深度平均Ir小于0.1×10-9,Os小于0.3×10-9,Pd小于0.5×10-9,Pt小于0.4×10-9,Rh小于0.1×10-9,Ru小于0.4×10-9,只有个别橄榄岩样品的铂族元素含量接近于地壳丰度,但远远低于超基性岩的一般含量.这种极低的铂族元素含量,属于"负异常",表明在变质作用过程中铂族元素发生了活化转移.榴辉岩和橄榄岩的铂族元素含量都偏低,但其球粒陨石标准化配分明显具有明显不同的特点,利用铂族元素仍然可以帮助对变质岩进行分类或恢复原岩.前人在蒋庄超基性岩岩体的人工重砂中发现有铂族矿物,其中包括有铱铂矿.可见,铂族元素是可以活化转移的,其活化转移的原因还需要探讨,是在结晶分异过程中转移的、还是在折返过程中活化的、或者是在造山运动结束之后由于其他原因而造成的,尚需要深入研究.     

现代微区测试技术在确定宝玉石产地来源中的应用及其研究进展

宝玉石产地来源的研究是近几年地质学、宝石学和考古学界的热门话题之一。一方面,不同产地来源的宝玉石可能具有不同的品质特征及经济价值,其研究有助于珠宝首饰价值的判断,为各国海关执法提供技术支持;另一方面,古代宝玉石产地的确定对了解古代宝玉石的开采与古代科技的发展水平及不同区域的文化交流均具有重要意义。在总结前人研究成果的基础上,结合现代微区测试技术的最新研究成果,从微量元素、包裹体以及同位素分析等方面探讨总结了微区测试技术在确定宝玉石产地来源研究中的应用。当前的研究结果显示,不同的技术方法对确定宝玉石的产地来源均有一定的意义,但宝玉石产地来源的最终确定往往需要依赖更大范围和更深入地对宝石矿床的地球化学进行多技术手段的交叉分析。显然,确定各种不同类型宝玉石产地来源的标型特征及建立相关重要宝石产地的地球化学数据库,是最终解决宝玉石产地来源鉴定问题的关键。     

Mineralogical,petrographic and fluid inclusion evidence for the link between boiling and epithermal Ag-Au mineralization in the La Luz area,Guanajuato Mining District,México

Theoretical, experimental and observation data provide strong evidence that boiling is the dominant depositional mechanism in many low to intermediate sulfidation epithermal precious metals deposits. Textural and petrographic features that are evidence for boiling in the epithermal environment include the presence of coexisting liquid-rich and vapor-rich fluid inclusions, assemblages consisting of only vapor-rich fluid inclusions, colloform quartz, adularia and bladed calcite. We have examined 213 samples collected from surface outcrops, underground workings and drill cores from the central part of the La Luz vein system in the Guanajuato mining district, Mexico. In each sample, the various features that are evidence of boiling have been recorded. These observations have been quantified using a Boiling Confidence Factor that provides a means of scoring and rating each sample or area relative to the likelihood that boiling occurred.Homogenization temperatures of liquid-rich fluid inclusions within assemblages of coexisting liquid-rich and vapor-rich fluid inclusions have been measured to estimate the depth of trapping of the inclusions, and these data have been used to estimate the depth to the 300 °C isotherm along the La Luz vein system.Fluid inclusions and mineral textural features show strong evidence of boiling in the deepest levels sampled in the La Luz system. This observation suggests that the bottom of the boiling zone is at some depth beneath the deepest levels explored and opens the potential for additional resources at depth.     

吉林省东部韧性剪切带特征及其与金银成矿关系

国内外贵金属与控矿构造研究表明,韧性剪切带,特别是发育在太古宙古老陆核花岗-绿岩地体中的韧性剪切带是最重要的控矿构造.文章列举夹皮沟韧性剪切带、小四平-南岔韧性剪切带、山门-叶赫韧性剪切带等实例对吉林省东部韧性剪切带的展布规律、基本特征及其控矿作用进行了详细论述,总结了韧性剪切带与金、银矿产的关系.     

我国与火山作用有关的宝玉石资源研究

本文将我国已发现的与火山作用有关的宝石资源划分为5种类型,① 幔源成矿类型;② 壳幔成矿类型;③ 火山作用直接成矿类型;④ 火山期后热液成矿类型;⑤ 相关类型。讨论了各种成矿类型的宝石资源的地质学及宝石学特征,介绍了它们开发的情况和对地方经济的意义。通过归纳对比,认为我国目前对与火山作用有关的宝玉石资源形成机理及找矿勘探方面的研究工作是薄弱的。     

MPV-3显微光度计在宝石学中的应用

简述ＭＰＶ－３显微光度计的特点,阐述了有色宝石颜色评价的理论基础和方法,以四川平武无色绿柱石,山东昌乐蓝宝石的颜色评价和改色实验效果评价以及不同成因的天然红工 光性研究为例,论述了ＭＰＶ３显微光度计在宝石颜色评价、改色效果判定、红宝石定名和品种鉴别等方面的应用。     

保定西部地区贵金属及有色金属矿床成矿地质特征及控矿因素分析

在总结保定西部地区有色金属及贵金属矿床成矿地质特征的基础上，分析了这些矿床与上黄旗-乌龙沟、紫荆关-灵山两大深大断裂以及受深大断裂控制的NE向展布的岩浆岩带的关系，提出了区内矿床集中分布于杂岩体的低角度的舌状突出部位和近SN向断裂与近EW向断裂交汇处锐角区域的观点，并对该区的控矿因素作了全面分析，指出了今后的找矿方向。     

Precious Fossil-Bearing Beds of the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Western Liaoning Province, China

Based on the subdivision into three members of the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning, this paper deals mainly with the division and correlation of precious fossil bird-and reptile-bearing beds of the formation in the Dachengzi, Chaoyang, Dapingfang-Meileyingzi and Fuxin-Yixian basins. Among them, the precious fossil-bearing beds in the Dachengzi Basin may be recognized as the Xidagou Bed of the second member and the Yangcaogoudonggou Bed of the third member; those in the Chaoyang Basin may be confirmed as the Shangheshou Bed of the second member and the Dongpochi Bed of the third member; those in the Dapingfang-Meileyingzi Basin are as the Lamagou Bed of the second member, the Huanghuagou Bed of the lower third member and the Yuanjiawa Bed of the upper third member; and those in the Fuxin-Yixian Basin are listed as the Tuanshanzi Bed of the second member and the Pijiagou Bed of the third member. Since these basins are distinctly separated and the bird and reptile fossils are mostly new genera and species, we have to use the associated fossil ostracod assemblages as index to correlate the Xidagou Bed with the Shangheshou Bed and the Lamagou Bed, and to correlate the Yuanjiawa Bed with the Yangcaogoudonggou Bed and the Pijiagou Bed. Primarily, we established the sequence of the precious fossil-bearing beds of the Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning. They are represented by, in ascending order, the Xidagou Bed of the second member, the Huanghuagou Bed of the lower third member, and the Yuanjiawa Bed of the upper third member. Obviously, this work has significance for the study on the time-space distribution and radiation of birds and dinosaurs during the period of the middle Early Cretaceous.