我国红宝石、蓝宝石及其包裹体

我国红宝石和蓝宝石矿床有岩浆型、接触变质型、伟晶岩和砂矿等,岩浆型为主要矿床类型。红宝石以玫瑰红为主,血红色少见;粒度一般为5mm±。蓝宝石为靛蓝色,墨水蓝罕见;粒度一般5～50mm。两者莫氏硬度为9±0.1,比重4±0.1。宝石中有晶质包裹体、熔融包裹体、流体包裹体、含子矿物多相包裹体、CH包裹体。岩浆型和接触变质型宝石中包裹体均一温度≥1380℃,压力(1～24)×10~8Pa。根据包裹体信息指出:指纹包裹体及其中CH包裹体是天然宝石的鉴别标志。宝石的颜色与亲铁元素及CH包裹体有关。星光宝石与六面针包裹体有关。     

Low-rhenium molybdenite by metamorphism in northern Sweden: Recognition, genesis, and global implications

Re–Os dating of molybdenite is an accurate means to date intrusions and intrusion-related ore deposits using the model age or isochron approach. But, molybdenite has a new niche in the greenschist- to granulite-facies metamorphic environment. Re–Os ages for metamorphic molybdenite may be used to construct regional metamorphic histories. Age significance and accuracy are established by analyzing multiple molybdenite separates extracted from single, petrographically-characterized molybdenite occurrences. In this study, twelve geologically distinct molybdenite-bearing samples from two small Mo districts in northern Sweden trace a 150 m.y. Paleoproterozoic Svecofennian metamorphic history from 1900 to 1750 Ma. These data reveal a little-known, widespread and protracted, Late Svecofennian anatexis in northern Sweden.The Kåtaberget Mo–(Cu, F) deposit is located in the Moskosel granite batholith north of the economically-renown Skellefte district. Four different molybdenite samples from outcrop at Kåtaberget indicate an intrusion age of 1895 ± 6 Ma with the formation of later pegmatite–aplite at 1875 ± 6 Ma. The Allebuoda (Björntjärn) and Munka Mo–(W) deposits in the Rappen district are represented by three outcrop and five drill core samples of molybdenite-bearing aplite–pegmatite–granite. These two deposits were previously described as intrusion-related Climax-type Mo mineralization. Re–Os ages for molybdenites from these deposits range from 1865 to 1750 Ma and, significantly, Re concentrations are markedly low, extending to the sub-ppm level. Age agreement within the deposits is conspicuously lacking, whereas, with one exception, age agreement within any single sample (geologic occurrence), as established by analysis of additional molybdenite separates, is very good. These data, together with fundamental geologic observations discussed in this paper, suggest that Mo–(W) mineralization in northern Sweden is not intrusion-related, but the local product of episodic melting of Archean–Paleoproterozoic supracrustal gneisses related to the Svecofennian orogeny. Petrographic traverses across the boundary between widespread, foliation-parallel units of aplitic to pegmatitic pink granite and hosting biotite gneiss directly capture the process of ore formation. Dehydration breakdown of zircon-rich biotite aligned with the foliation in the gneiss is accompanied by formation of new pristine, post-deformational biotite plus sulfides, oxides, hydrothermal zircon and fluorite, all associated with microcline-dominant leucosomes.This process has profound implication for the traditional leucogranite, intrusion-related genesis attributed to the broad classification of Mo–W–Sn–base and precious metal mineralization (e.g., South Mountain Batholith, Nova Scotia; Okiep, Namaqualand, South Africa; Mactung, Yukon; Pogo–Liese, Tintina, Alaska; Carajás and Goiás–Rio Tocantins, Brazil; New England Batholith, NSW, Australia; Bergslagen, Sweden; Nevoria, Western Australia; Alpeinerscharte, Austria; Erzgebirge, Germany; Sardinia–Corsica Batholith). In addition to biotite, metallogenic contributions (e.g., Mo, W, Sn, U, Bi, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Ni, Co, Au, Ag, Te, As, Sb, REE) in various combinations may also be controlled by breakdown of amphibole. In effect, the trace element composition of dehydrating or recrystallizing components in a gneissic rock essentially defines the local and district metallogenic suite. In the absence of focusing structures (e.g., shear zones, sheeted vein development), this process will generally form small and disconnected subeconomic deposits with erratic and unpredictable grades. Low Re content in associated molybdenite is a key indicator for a subeconomic origin by local melting of biotite gneiss (Mo–W) or muscovite schist (Sn–W).     

湖南宝,玉石资源及其开发浅议

湖南出产宝石历史悠久，长期以来远销海内外，菊花石工艺享誉全球，曾多次在国际博览会上获奖。还有较丰富的海蓝宝石、祖母绿、水晶等十几种宝石、玉石、彩石资源。其地质成因类型主要有砂矿型、沉积型、伟昌岩型、火山岩型，气成－热液型、沉积变质和接触变质型。     

黄金珠宝首饰市场状况与四川宝石资源开发

介绍了黄金珠宝首饰的一些基本观念和近年来黄金珠宝市场的发展状况，指出１９９４年纯金饰品消费将会稳定增长，而且仍占主流，珠宝首饰市场会出现消费量增长，竞争日渐激烈，并由大中城市向中小城市扩展的趋势。就四川宝玉石普查找矿和开发利用提出了见解。     

吉林省东部地区贵金属、有色金属矿床控矿因素及成矿物质来源

吉林省东部跨槽、台两大构造单元,形成了与这相应的构造样式、沉积建造和岩浆活动。产出的各种矿床受多种因素控制,成矿物质也具多源性。因此形成了不同矿种、不同成因类型、不同物质来源、受不同地质因素控制各具特点的多个成矿带。     

贱金属硫化物矿床中的贵金属

本文从现代海底热液成矿系统和古代块状硫化物矿床中都含有大量的贵金属这一事实出发,论证了贱金属硫化物矿床中贵金属的重要性,并论述了Au、Ag在矿物、矿石、矿体及矿床类型中的分布特征及其Cu-Au共生、Pb(Zn)-Ag共生组合对于矿床地质和找矿的意义。     

地质样品中贵金属元素的预处理方法研究进展

本文评述了近年来地质样品中贵金属元素分析预处理技术的研究现状和应用进展,对样品分解过程中常用的火试金法、碱熔融法、酸分解法以及样品分离富集过程中的吸附法、碲共沉淀法、离子交换法、溶剂萃取法、蒸馏法、生物吸附法等手段进行了归纳总结,分析了各方法的特点与不足,展望了技术方法未来发展方向。分解方法中的火试金法经分析工作者不断探索及改进,已成为分解贵金属的最佳手段,但其仍存在试剂消耗量大、成本高、流程长等缺点;碱熔融法虽可分解几乎所有地质样品,但其处理后的溶液存在大量钠盐,需经进一步的纯化;酸分解法主要以高压密闭和卡洛斯管的消解方式为主,但受到样品性质的制约。而不同分离富集的手段都具有较强的针对性,如:吸附法多用于Au、Pt、Pd的富集,蒸馏法仅适用于Os、Ru的分析。由于贵金属元素具有颗粒效应强、赋存形式复杂多样以及超痕量等特殊性,需要针对样品的类型特点选择相适应的预处理方法。本文提出,应当在现有的贵金属分解方法基础上,结合当前新的实验设备及实验条件,寻求更加高效、快捷的分解技术,严格控制流程的本底及各个环节的污染问题,实现多技术、多方法联用,满足贵金属分析的要求。     

Early Cretaceous precious fossil-bearing beds in Weijialing—Yaolugou of Jianchang Basin,western Liaoning

The Jianchang Basin is one of the main localities of the precious fossils of Jehol Biota in western Liaoning. The fossil-bearing horizons are mainly in the Yixian- and Jiufotang formations. In the Weijialing- Yaolugou of southwest Jianchang Basin, many precious fossils have been found at Luojiagou Bed of the 2nd Member of the Yixian Formation and at Xidian Bed of the 1 st member of the Jiufotang Formation. The geologic setting, sedimentary environment and paleogeography of the precious fossil-bearing beds were also studied.     

川西北地区珍稀濒危植物和特有属植物分析

川西北地区面积约23万平方公里,有珍稀濒危植物41种,特有属植物45属。对这些植物的种类、生活型和地理分布加以分析后,探讨了本区珍稀濒危植物和特有属植物比较集中的原因。本区南部的高山峡谷地区可能是植物起源和分化上的一个重要地区,并提出了可保护的其他珍稀濒危植物33种。     

应用偏光显微镜和电子探针技术研究安徽铜官山矽卡岩型铜铁矿床伴生元素金银铂钯铀的赋存状态

安徽铜官山矽卡岩型铜铁矿床富含多种稀有贵金属金银铂钯和铀,本文应用偏光显微镜与电子探针技术对该地区贵金属和铀矿物的含量、矿物种类、赋存状态及其嵌布特征进行研究,并利用电子探针Th-U-Pb定年技术推测铀矿物的形成时期。研究表明:金主要以银金矿独立矿物存在,成色均值约为638,与铜的硫化物密切依存,金矿物形成于成矿中晚期的中低温环境;银的独立矿物有银金矿、碲银矿、辉银矿,还与铜铋铅等以类质同象形式结合形成不同种类的矿物组合,且含量在74.15%~0.12%不等;铂钯矿物以含铂碲钯矿为主;铀以晶质铀矿独立矿物存在且与磁铁矿密切依存,晶质铀矿的形成年龄约为124±14 Ma,晚于岩体形成年龄(约139 Ma),早于黄铜矿和含金银铂钯等矿物,而与磁铁矿同在燕山中晚期形成。结合镜下观察,认为铜官山矽卡岩型铜铁矿床主要矿物生成顺序依次是:石榴子石-磁铁矿、晶质铀矿,含金银铂钯矿物,黄铜矿。本研究为贵金属选矿提供了线索,同时利用晶质铀矿的年龄数据界定了伴生贵金属的形成年代。