An Early Cretaceous age for the Rajmahal traps, Panagarh area, West Bengal: palynological evidence

The discovery of traps in the subsurface Mesozoic succession of the Panagarh area, West Bengal, has drawn attention to their correlation with the traps in the Rajmahal Basin, Bihar. The objective of this paper is to assess the palynological dating of the intertrappean beds with the help of sequential first appearances of the stratigraphically important spore species Cicatricosisporites australiensis, Aquitriradites spinulosus, and Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis. C. australiensis, along with the first appearance of A. spinulosus, denotes the earliest Berriasian. This association is significant for recognition of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. The lowest occurrence of F. wonthaggiensis indicates deposits of Berriasian–Valanginian age. The data on which these observations are based have been obtained from the intertrappean beds of the Rajmahal Formation in six boreholes: PGD-1A, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 9A. Further palynological studies on boreholes PGD-4, 8 and 9A have indicated the approximate time-span for the duration of volcanic activity in the Panagarh area. This seems to have been initiated in the early Berriasian and continued into the Hauterivian, which is earlier than the volcanism associated with the Rajmahal traps in the Rajmahal Basin.     

红层盆地岩性差异对丹霞地貌发育的控制

陆相红层盆地的岩性在横向上和纵向上都有比较明显的变化,导致发育的丹霞地貌形态迥异。本文以赣东北信江盆地、粤北丹霞盆地、陕北地区为例,采用对比分析、数值模拟等研究手段,总结了红层盆地中常见的岩石及地貌类型,提出岩性在丹霞地貌坡面演化过程中的关键作用。在信江盆地中,龙虎山、龟峰等挺拔高耸的山峰主要发育在盆地南缘的河口组厚层砾岩中,而盆地中部贵溪、弋阳地区的近圆形山丘则产在塘边组大型交错层理风成砂岩中;与其类似,丹霞山的赤壁陡崖主要发育在丹霞组厚层砾岩夹风成砂岩中;相反,陕北地区波浪状地貌主要发育在洛河组风成砂岩中。利用河道-山坡综合地形演化(CHILD)地貌模拟软件,假设在同样的构造抬升和河流侵蚀作用下,分别模拟了细砂岩、细砾岩、中砾岩构成的山体坡面的演化过程。模拟结果显示,细砂岩山体易形成较为平缓的坡面,中砾岩易形成陡峻崖壁和巷谷,而介于二者之间的细砾岩则形成较为明显的沟壑系统。CHILD模拟结果与实地观测一致。因此,红层岩性差异在丹霞地貌演化过程中扮演了重要的角色,也是未来地貌定量模拟研究中需要考虑的关键因素。     

在地形地质图上求解岩层（矿层）真厚度的简便方法

介绍了３种在大比例尺地形地质图上求解岩层真厚度的简便方法,导线法是根据岩层上下层面已同程点连线的长度,高程差、与岩层倾向后夹角和岩层真倾角计算岩层真厚度,水平面切割法和铅直面切割法是通过假想的平面来获得岩层上下层面的２条走向线。它们之间的距离或离程关芬别代表了岩层的最大露头宽度或铅直厚度,结合岩层真倾角很救是岩层的真厚度。     

贱金属硫化物矿床中的贵金属

本文从现代海底热液成矿系统和古代块状硫化物矿床中都含有大量的贵金属这一事实出发,论证了贱金属硫化物矿床中贵金属的重要性,并论述了Au、Ag在矿物、矿石、矿体及矿床类型中的分布特征及其Cu-Au共生、Pb(Zn)-Ag共生组合对于矿床地质和找矿的意义。     

西倾山地区热泉一岩溶一蚀变岩型金矿成矿规律及找矿方向

西倾山地区是近年来新发现的岩溶-热泉式金矿成矿带,其形成是在未形成"硅帽"的情况下由突发涌入（出）的硅质热液沉淀结晶形成的。西倾山弧形构造机制所导致的次级构造（裂隙）以及沿其裂隙侵入的中酸性岩脉或沿裂隙发育的古岩溶构造是主要的容矿控矿构造。在剖面上由上向下具有热泉型-岩溶型-交代蚀变岩型"三层"式的成矿规律。西倾山及李卡如山弧形构造带具有进一步找矿的良好前景。     

清江水布垭坝址软弱夹层变形机制分析

清江水布垭坝址软弱夹层的变形机制为:(1)差异沉积作用造成了软弱夹层物质成分和结构构造上的差别,从本质上决定了软弱夹层的变形强度;(2)软沉积变形加强了软弱夹层物质的分异和软化;(3)构造活动导致软弱夹层发生多期次剪切滑动,使软弱夹层中的软弱物质泥化、叶理化并发生揉皱;使相对坚硬的结核和团块压扁、旋转和圆化。      

Reconstruction of nearshore chemical conditions in the Mesoproterozoic: evidence from red and grey beds of the Yangzhuang formation,North China Craton

ABSTRACT

Mesoproterozoic red beds near ancient coasts have not aroused extensive interest. A new geochemical study of the alternating red and grey dolostones from the Yangzhuang Formation provides a better understanding of the redox conditions of nearshore sedimentary environments. In this contribution, whole-rock samples are characterized by positive correlations of rare earth elements (REE) vs. Th and Fe_T vs. Th and flat-type REE distribution patterns, indicating massive terrigenous input, which is considered to be inherited from felsic rocks. Relatively high (Fe_mag+Fe_ox)/Fe_T and Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ ratios in red beds indicate more oxidized conditions in supratidal environments compared with the lower oxygen contents in intertidal environments. Under these two distinct chemical sedimentary conditions, acetic acid-leached red and grey samples both have HREE-depleted distributions, suggesting significant freshwater invasion. Moreover, limited terrigenous redox-sensitive elements (RSEs) can reach the coast where the red beds are deposited, whereas relatively high RSE enrichment factors originating from shallow oceans are recorded in grey beds. In the Mesoproterozoic, limited oxidative weathering, shallow seawater desalination, and low organic production occurred near the coast. Meanwhile, a prolonged period of low Mo and U availability preserved in carbonate minerals confirmed that marine oxygen levels failed to satisfy the deposition of offshore red beds. During the regression, potentially exposed sediments connected to atmospheric oxygen guaranteed the oxidation of iron and the formation of red beds, and these events were coupled with negative δ¹³C_carb shifts in the Yanliao rift zone.     

地质样品中贵金属元素的预处理方法研究进展

本文评述了近年来地质样品中贵金属元素分析预处理技术的研究现状和应用进展,对样品分解过程中常用的火试金法、碱熔融法、酸分解法以及样品分离富集过程中的吸附法、碲共沉淀法、离子交换法、溶剂萃取法、蒸馏法、生物吸附法等手段进行了归纳总结,分析了各方法的特点与不足,展望了技术方法未来发展方向。分解方法中的火试金法经分析工作者不断探索及改进,已成为分解贵金属的最佳手段,但其仍存在试剂消耗量大、成本高、流程长等缺点;碱熔融法虽可分解几乎所有地质样品,但其处理后的溶液存在大量钠盐,需经进一步的纯化;酸分解法主要以高压密闭和卡洛斯管的消解方式为主,但受到样品性质的制约。而不同分离富集的手段都具有较强的针对性,如:吸附法多用于Au、Pt、Pd的富集,蒸馏法仅适用于Os、Ru的分析。由于贵金属元素具有颗粒效应强、赋存形式复杂多样以及超痕量等特殊性,需要针对样品的类型特点选择相适应的预处理方法。本文提出,应当在现有的贵金属分解方法基础上,结合当前新的实验设备及实验条件,寻求更加高效、快捷的分解技术,严格控制流程的本底及各个环节的污染问题,实现多技术、多方法联用,满足贵金属分析的要求。     

Early Cretaceous precious fossil-bearing beds in Weijialing—Yaolugou of Jianchang Basin,western Liaoning

The Jianchang Basin is one of the main localities of the precious fossils of Jehol Biota in western Liaoning. The fossil-bearing horizons are mainly in the Yixian- and Jiufotang formations. In the Weijialing- Yaolugou of southwest Jianchang Basin, many precious fossils have been found at Luojiagou Bed of the 2nd Member of the Yixian Formation and at Xidian Bed of the 1 st member of the Jiufotang Formation. The geologic setting, sedimentary environment and paleogeography of the precious fossil-bearing beds were also studied.     

川西北地区珍稀濒危植物和特有属植物分析

川西北地区面积约23万平方公里,有珍稀濒危植物41种,特有属植物45属。对这些植物的种类、生活型和地理分布加以分析后,探讨了本区珍稀濒危植物和特有属植物比较集中的原因。本区南部的高山峡谷地区可能是植物起源和分化上的一个重要地区,并提出了可保护的其他珍稀濒危植物33种。