A steepness index unit volume flood hydrograph approach for sub‐daily flow disaggregation

The estimation of sub‐daily flows from daily flood flows is important for many hydrological and hydraulic applications. Flows during flood events often vary significantly within sub‐daily time‐scales, and failure to capture the sub‐daily flood characteristic can result in an underestimation of the instantaneous flood peaks, with possible risk of design failure. It is more common to find a longer record of daily flow series (observed or modelled using daily rainfall series) than sub‐daily flow data. This paper describes a novel approach, known as the steepness index unit volume flood hydrograph approach, for disaggregating daily flood flows into sub‐daily flows that takes advantage of the strong relationship between the standardized instantaneous flood peak and the standardized daily flood hydrograph rising‐limb steepness index. The strength of this relationship, which is considerably stronger than the relationship between the standardized flood peak and the event flood volume, is shown using data from six rivers flowing into the Gippsland Lakes in southeast Australia. The results indicate that the steepness index unit volume flood hydrograph approach can be used to disaggregate modelled daily flood flows satisfactorily, but its reliability is dependent on a model's ability to simulate the standardized daily flood hydrograph rising‐limb steepness index and the event flood volume. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Kepler's Equation and Newton's method

Power series solutions of Kepler's Equation associated with Lagrange, Levi-Civita and Stumpff may be obtained by Newton's method as an algorithm for formal power series.     

芝罘群岩石地层划分及区域对比

芝罘群分布于烟台市区北部芝罘岛、崆峒岛、担子岛等岛屿上,自下而上划分为老爷山组、兵营组及东口组.东口组为新建岩石地层单位.该群岩石组合为白云母钾长片麻岩、含电气石钾长石英岩、钾长石英岩、镜铁矿钾长石英岩、石英岩、白云母石英片岩夹黑云片岩、透辉变粒岩及大理岩等.其原岩为富钾、铁、硼的长英质碎屑岩夹粘土岩及富镁碳酸盐岩.兵营组单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为2171Ma,其成岩时代属古元古代早期.芝罘群区域上可与辽东地区古元古代榆树砬子群对比.     

板块构造图的制图理论与方法探讨

通过编制区域性1:300万“青藏高原板块构造图”和1:50万“柴达木北缘板块构造地质图”的体会,并结合国内学者对这两份图件的审查意见及建议,重点讨论有关区域性板块构造图编制的理论与方法,供区域地质工作者参考。     

Self‐similar solution of a plane‐strain fracture driven by a power‐law fluid

This paper analyses the problem of a hydraulically driven fracture, propagating in an impermeable, linear elastic medium. The fracture is driven by injection of an incompressible, viscous fluid with power‐law rheology and behaviour index n?0. The opening of the fracture and the internal fluid pressure are related through the elastic singular integral equation, and the flow of fluid inside the crack is modelled using the lubrication theory. Under the additional assumptions of negligible toughness and no lag between the fluid front and the crack tip, the problem is reduced to self‐similar form. A solution that describes the crack length evolution, the fracture opening, the net fluid pressure and the fluid flow rate inside the crack is presented. This self‐similar solution is obtained by expanding the fracture opening in a series of Gegenbauer polynomials, with the series coefficients calculated using a numerical minimization procedure. The influence of the fluid index n in the crack propagation is also analysed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于热流固耦合的增强型地热有机朗肯循环发电系统性能分析

本文建立了耦合井筒、热储、有机朗肯循环发电系统的详细数学模型, 包括三维非稳态热流固耦合模型和有机朗肯循环发电系统热动力学模型, 参考青海省共和县恰卜恰干热岩体地热地质特征, 包括压裂储层、围岩、裂隙、井筒等特征参数, 研究了注入流量、注入温度和井间距对系统净输出功、年均净输出功和热效率的影响规律。结果表明: 在一定的注入流量、注入温度和净间距下, 随着时间的推移, 岩石孔隙压力和热应力作用使得裂隙渗透率增大, 注入泵功耗是降低的, 净输出功和热效率也是降低的。注入流量的增大提高了膨胀机轴功、注入泵功耗和生产温度衰减速率, 进而导致热效率降低, 存在最优的注入流量50 kg/s, 使得年均净输出功达到最大值1 470.1 kW。注入温度的增大可以提高系统热效率, 降低净输出功的年均衰减速率, 当注入温度为60 ℃时, 年均净输出功最大。井间距的增大减缓了生产温度的衰减速率, 有利于热效率的提高, 但是也同时也增大了膨胀机轴功和注入泵功耗。当分支井间距为450 m时, 年均净输出功达到最大值1 497.3 kW。此研究可为增强地热发电系统的开发利用提供指导。     

河南省许昌市矿山地质环境问题分区评价研究

以斜坡单元作为评价单元, 通过建立区域地质环境背景、资源损毁和地质灾害3要素评价指标体系, 对各评价指标进行量化, 赋予权重, 利用GIS图层叠加分析, 对许昌市矿山地质环境进行分区评价. 分区结果与现状调查结果较为一致, 验证了此方法的实用性, 为规划与治理该地区矿山环境地质问题提供参考依据.     

Determination of total sulfur in geothermal water by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry

Sulfur speciation and concentration in geothermal water are of great significance for the research and utilization of the water resources. In most situations, it is necessary to determine the total sulfur in geothermal water. In this study, the method was established for the determination of determining total sulfur content — the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), with the wavelength of 182.034 nm selected in spectral line of sulfur. It was identified that the optimal working conditions of the ICP-AES instrument were 1 200 W for high frequency generator power 9 mm for vertical observation height, 0.30 MPa atomizer pressure, and 50 r/min analytical pump speed. The matrix interference of the method was eliminated by the matrix matching method. Using this method, sulfur detection limit and minimum quantitative detection limit were 0.028 mg/L and 0.110 mg/L, respectively, whilst the linear range was 0.0–100.0 mg/L. The recovery rate of sample was between 90.67% and 108.7%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was between 0.36% and 2.14%. The method was used to analyze the actual samples and the results were basically consistent with the industry standard method. With high analysis efficiency, the method has low detection limit and minimum quantitative detection limit, wide linear range, good precision and accuracy, and provides an important detection method for the determination of total sulfur in geothermal water.     

XDQ-120型钻机动力头的优化设计

XDQ-1200型钻机是专门针对山区丘陵地带设计的钻机,对其质量的大小提出了很严格的要求。为此对动力头的结构件进行了有限元静力学分析,对其箱体的强度和刚度进行分析、优化,在满足受力的情况下,尽量减轻箱体质量,以达减重目标。介绍了XDQ-1200型钻机动力头的设计背景、理念以及设计优化过程。     

基于单位四元数的单独像对相对定向

目前对单位四元数描述空间旋转的应用,基本上是将其转换成旋转矩阵的形式,而忽略了单位四元数描述空间向量旋转具有描述几何关系的直观性以及运算简洁的优势。基于此提出一种基于单位四元数的单独像对相对定向法,方法首先采用向量描述同名光线,然后利用单位四元数描述立体像对中左右影像同名光线的变换关系,建立单位四元数共面条件方程模型,再按照带有约束条件的间接平差原理进行最小二乘平差,确定相对定向元素。针对RC30航空影像和低空无人机影像采用单位四元数法分别进行单独像对相对定向实验,结果表明单位四元数相对定向方法计算精度较高,为解决摄影测量中坐标变换问题提供更多选择。