Differences and dynamics of multidimensional poverty in rural China from multiple perspectives analysis

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Absolute poverty was completely eliminated in China in 2020. However, poverty measured by income does not fully reflect the actual situation. This paper analyses...     

Does Ski Tourism Improve the Regional Economy? The Case Study of Chongli,China

Chongli is one of the venues for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. Since 2009, the government of Chongli has emphasized the development of a tourism strategy, which gradually contributed to alleviating regional poverty. With data collected from 2009 to 2019, ski tourism and the regional economy in Chongli were analyzed using the Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD) Model. This analysis indicated, first, there were three stages in the relationship between ski tourism and the regional economy in Chongli, including weak coordination (2009-2011), starting coordination (2012-2015), and strong coordination (2016-2019). Second, sport tourism, such as ski tourism, is likely to contribute to the regional economy and alleviate poverty. Third, the case of Chongli illustrates that policy and sports events are significant for helping a place to develop sports tourism, in addition to making full use of local resources. Finally, the development of skiing tourism has had a positive impact on citizens’ and farmers’ incomes, though it may have impacted citizens more. This research suggests that regional resources are essential for the development of sport tourism and the promotion of regional economies. Developing regions should seize the bonus period of sports events and policies. More attention should be paid to the differences between urban citizens and farmers in order to establish a better redistribution system. Considering the climatic factors, more studies need to analyze the sustainability of ski tourism in developing regions.     

Residential solid fuel use: Modelling the impacts and policy implications of natural resource access,temperature, income,gas infrastructure and government regulation

Reducing solid fuel use for home heating can reduce both carbon emissions and air pollution within residential areas and thereby provide for improved environmental and health outcomes. The general models used to identify the determinants of solid fuel use often focus upon socioeconomic factors. Utilising an extended spatial econometric approach our results show proximity to a solid fuel resource as the most significant factor. Other spatially evaluated attributes, such as temperature, legislated solid-fuel sale restrictions and gas network coverage, are also found to have significant impacts on solid fuel use choices. Clear spatial dependence patterns are found for the effects of these attributes, with further evidence of large spill-over effects for neighbouring areas in the case of proximity to either a peat bog or an area subject to a ban on the sale of smoky coal. The research engages a blend of GIS and spatial econometric analysis to generate maps for both a fuel poverty risk and a resistance to fuel change index. These outcomes can serve to inform the design and deployment of effective and equitable solid-fuel and environmental policy interventions. Suggested policy interventions include conservation of peat bogs, expansion of smoky coal ban areas and the development of gas network coverage to specific areas. In addition to the policy support outcomes, the paper offers technical and methodological innovations in relation to combining spatial attributes with econometric models, handling large spatial matrices, understanding direct and indirect effects, and visibly presenting estimated values with spatial dependence.     

Unexpected Results from China's Agricultural Subsidies Policy

Given the huge demand for food created by China's large population and the high cost of transporting food across such a large nation, a food security strategy based on local self-sufficiency seems vital. To encourage agricultural production, agricultural subsidies have therefore been implemented since 1997. Although subsidies to support food production in China arose from the desire to combat poverty and hunger, they may have instead led to adverse health impacts, food insecurity, and environmental degradation because the complexity of socioeconomic systems prevented governments from fully understanding the relationships among the many factors in such systems. China therefore faces enormous challenges before it can attain sustainable food production at levels high enough to end hunger, without undesirable consequences.     

中国残疾人扶贫效率的时空演变及优化路径

运用DEA模型、MI指数及GIS空间分析等方法,探究2012-2016年中国残疾人扶贫效率的时空演化特征与类型,分析残疾人扶贫模式及优化路径,结果显示:①2012-2016年,全国残疾人扶贫效率整体处于中上等水平,残疾人扶贫高效率区由粤桂两地、环渤海区向东南沿海、京津冀地区以及中部省市转化,扶贫中等效率区分布形态由"小...     

易地扶贫搬迁对西藏迁入村不同农牧户生计的影响（英文）

作为精准扶贫战略的重大举措——易地扶贫搬迁规划在“十三五”时期（2016–2020年）成功搬迁贫困人口近1000万人。本文基于联合国2030年可持续发展目标,利用西藏易地扶贫的迁入村白郎村的农牧户调研数据,建立了面向农牧户生计和村落可持续发展的综合评价指标体系。该指标体系从生活水平、生计资产、生计策略三个方面定量分析不同农牧户群体生计在搬迁前后发生的变化。研究结果表明：搬迁有助于提高农牧户的生活水平,使生计策略类型丰富;随着搬迁年限的增加,农牧户生活水平稳步上升,尤其在消除贫困方面（SDG1）提升接近100%。搬迁影响搬迁群体的生计策略的选择,搬迁前的纯农户在搬迁后选择了更多元的生计策略方式,并且全村的非农工作比例（SDG8）上升。从村落可持续发展的角度来看,村落可持续发展的各项指标稳定增长,同时对原住民生计影响较小。结果表明易地扶贫搬迁政策在这个地区初步实施较为成功,主要归因于迁入村自然条件较好,政府对搬迁群众进行了物资以及工作方面的扶持。本研究能为后续提高村落可持续性、提高村民生计水平提供政策优化的方向。     

中国县域多维贫困与相对贫困识别及扶贫路径研究

当前,中国脱贫攻坚任务步入了由绝对贫困转向相对贫困、收入贫困转向多维贫困的新阶段.本文以中国31个省(直辖市)县域为研究对象,采用基于夜间灯光数据的平均夜间灯光指数以及基于脆弱性可持续生计框架的县域多维发展指数和多维相对贫困识别方法,从多维贫困和相对贫困两个层面对中国多维贫困现状进行分析,并基于以上研究筛选出的贫困县,...     

基于夜间灯光数据的西南地区县域旅游多维减贫效应时空变化研究

旅游发展是消除贫困的重要途径之一,从多维贫困视角对旅游减贫进行研究具有重要意义。以脱贫摘帽的西南地区国家级贫困县为研究案例,引入NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据测度多维贫困,并使用地理加权回归方法分析2012—2019年旅游发展的多维减贫效应。结果表明:(1) 2012—2019年,西南地区贫困县旅游发展水平不断提高,呈现“东高西低”的空间格局,旅游发展的区域差异不断缩小;(2) 2012年以来,西南地区贫困县多维贫困日趋改善;空间分布上,多维贫困程度自西向东逐渐降低,空间差异趋于缩小;(3)西南地区贫困县旅游发展能够缓解包括经济、教育、医疗和社会保障等方面的多维贫困,旅游多维减贫效应具有明显的空间异质性,川东、川北和滇东南地区贫困县的旅游减贫强度较高,滇西、渝东南和黔西地区旅游减贫强度较低;(4)旅游减贫强度主要受到旅游资源禀赋、经济发展水平和交通区位条件的影响,影响因素通过旅游资源开发、强化旅游产业支撑和提高旅游通达性等途径改善贫困地区的经济、教育、医疗和社会保障水平,实现旅游发展的多维减贫。旅游减贫的发展需要结合贫困地区实际情况考虑,提高旅游产品竞争力,完善配套设施建设,改善交通运...     

气候资源区划及其在精准扶贫中的作用——以旺苍县为例

四川省气候中心利用部门自身的科技优势,对四川省气象局精准扶贫联系指导帮扶县——旺苍县的风能、太阳能资源进行评估分析,提出风能、太阳能利用开发建议;其次对旺苍县四大扶贫主导产业中的茶叶、核桃、猕猴桃从气候适宜性角度分析,划分出最适宜区、较适宜区和不适宜区,为大力发展茶叶、核桃、猕猴桃种植产业提供科学指导;最后对主要的气象灾害暴雨及其次生的地质灾害进行风险区划分析,为迁民避灾,气象灾害防治规划等提供参考。为了切实发挥气象服务在贫困地区脱贫摘帽过程中“趋利避害、减灾增收”的独特作用,应寻找贫困地区优势气候资源形成特色产业,并减少自然灾害在脱贫攻坚中的不确定因素。研究为气象助力精准扶贫提供了新的模式。     

The demographics of energy and mobility poverty: Assessing equity and justice in Ireland,Mexico, and the United Arab Emirates

Energy and mobility poverty limits people’s choices and opportunities and negatively impinges upon structural economic and social welfare patterns. It also hampers the ability of planners to implement more equitable and just decarbonization pathways. Research has revealed that climate policies have imposed a financial burden on low-income and other vulnerable groups by increasing food and energy prices, leading as well to global inequality. Similarly, researchers have warned that in developing countries, emission mitigation policies could increase poverty rates and even frustrate progress towards universal access to clean energy. This research explores whether low-income social groups experience a 'double energy vulnerability', a situation that simultaneously positions people at heightened risk of transport and energy poverty. We investigate this 'double vulnerability' through original data collection via three nationally representative surveys of Mexico (N = 1,205), the United Arab Emirates (N = 1,141), Ireland and Northern Ireland (N = 1,860). We draw from this original data to elaborate on the sociodemographic attributes, expenditure and behaviour emerging from energy and transport use, focusing on themes such as equity, behaviour and vulnerability. We propose energy and transport poverty indexes that allow us to summarize the key contributing factors to energy and transport poverty in the countries studied and uncover a strong correlation between these two salient forms of poverty. Our results suggest that energy and transport poverty are common issues regardless of the very different national, and even sub-national, contexts. We conclude that energy and transport poverty requires target policy interventions suitable for all segments of society, thus enabling contextually-tailored, just energy transitions.