西天山博故图金矿床地质特征和资源潜力预测

化探普查在西天山伊什基里克山东部发现一巨大金地球化学块体,对Au异常查证和评价发现了博故图金矿。金矿产于下石炭统大哈拉军山组地层中,赋矿岩石为流纹质火山碎屑岩、次火山岩和辉绿岩,金矿化与硅化、黄铁矿化关系密切。金矿体主要受区域大断裂及其次级断裂构造控制,与围岩无专属性,成因类型为浅成低温热液型。为查明金矿特征和成矿规律、扩大资源量,开展了地质、物化探综合方法找矿,在Ⅰ号矿区及东部邻区,激电测量和高精度磁测量发现多处异常,钻探验证发现了多条隐伏工业矿体,金资源量达大型。勘查结果表明博故图金矿区有很好找矿远景,找矿潜力巨大。     

2003年江淮梅雨暴雨与湿位涡的关系

统计了2003年发生在江淮地区的梅雨暴雨，根据暴雨中心对流稳定度及降雨性质将暴雨分为4种类型。分析湿位涡与梅雨暴雨中的惯性不稳定、对称不稳定、对流不稳定的关系发现：第1类暴雨往往与对称不稳定有关，第2类暴雨与对流不稳定有关，且这两类暴雨高层多具有强惯性不稳定，降水相对较大；第3、第4类暴雨是稳定性降雨，高层一般不具备惯性不稳定，雨量一般较小。高层的惯性不稳定对降水的加强作用明显。     

东昆仑成矿带典型矿床分析

在综述东昆仑地区成矿地质背景及成矿条件的基础上,通过对肯德可克、驼路沟、督冷沟和大场等典型矿床的剖析,详细论述了矽卡岩型铁多金属矿、海相火山喷气沉积叠加后期改造型钴(金)矿、块状硫化物型铜钴矿和造山型金矿的成矿特征、成矿规律及找矿前景,并结合区域成矿模式、找矿模型和各类矿产、异常的空间分布特征确定出8个成矿远景区,13个找矿靶区。同时指出东昆仑各成矿带的成(找)矿潜力由大到小的依次排序为:昆南成矿带≈阿尼玛卿-北巴颜喀拉成矿带>昆北成矿带>>昆中成矿带。     

新的引潮位完全展开

Doodson进行引潮位展开时的原始数据采自Brown及Newcomb表,其黄赤交角系采用1900年1月1日之值。目前Brown系数已重新计算,黄赤交角每世纪相对变化5×10^{-4;地球轨道偏心率每世纪相对变化25×10-4。由此引起的潮波振幅长趋势变化已可辨别,这就是所谓潮波振幅的时间依赖问题。作者采用EJC表及2000.0年的黄赤交角和地球轨道偏心率数值,重新用计算机演绎了引潮位展开式,解决了时间依赖问题。文中给出了属于J2000.0系统的引潮位完全展开表。}     

Compressibility and swelling characteristics of Al-Khobar Palygorskite, eastern Saudi Arabia

Expansive soils are found in different locations in eastern Saudi Arabia. The area is arid with high temperatures, highly variable humidity and an excessive rate of evaporation compared to the low precipitation. This resulted in the formation of water sensitive soils. In the present investigation, line valve buildings for a sweet water feeder (1118 mm in diameter) were constructed on a highly expansive material consisting mainly of brown palygorskite and gray palygorskite with thin sheets of gypsum and limestone. Block samples from both palygorskites were brought to the laboratory and cores as well as remolded samples were obtained from the blocks. The two palygorskites were found to be highly plastic and have a very high swelling potential. The liquid limit (LL) and plastic limit (PL) values for the brown palygorskite are 261% and 140%, respectively. The gray palygorskite has a LL of a 285% and a PL of 123%. The oedometer free swell tests for the two palygorskites produced an expansion ranging between 31.8% and 42.5% for the remolded samples. However, the expansion for cores ranges between 8.3% and 19.3%. The constant volume pressure tests produced a stress in excess of 4240 kPa. The swell potential reached a steady state after four days while the swelling pressure reached a steady state in about 3 h. The paper addresses the geology of the area, the characterization of the geomaterial including mineralogical composition using X-ray diffraction and SEM techniques and the swelling characteristics of the material.     

浙中一次强对流天气动力热力场和雷达回波特征分析

利用NCEP再分析资料、常规气象观测和区域自动站观测资料、闪电及多普勒雷达天气资料,对2013年5月29日浙中局地强对流天气过程的环境场、触发机制和雷达回波特征进行了分析。结果表明：局地强对流天气是在东北冷涡背景下产生的;高空冷平流南侵、低层暖平流北上,有利于大气对流不稳定度进一步加大;在热力不稳定能量增长储存条件下,冷空气、地面辐合线与中低层切变线是强对流天气的重要触发机制,地面辐合线对强对流天气还具有组织作用;沿等熵面移动的较大位涡有利于超级单体风暴的发生和发展;初夏0 ℃层高度偏高,但在满足强烈位势不稳定、中等风垂直切变以及低层充足水汽条件下仍可以导致局地小冰雹的产生;地面大风过程是低空暖湿气流入流在快要进入上升气流区时受到上升气流区的抽吸作用而加速导致生成的;多个回波强核被中气旋组织在一起,形成超级单体风暴造成了局地强风雹天气。     

沿岸上升流和沿岸急流的一个半解析理论

在考虑了陆架地形后，在垂直海岸的x z剖面上 ，对Boussinesq流体的非线性海洋运动方程求得了总动量守恒、温度守恒和位势涡度守恒的 普 适形式，进而得到流函数所满足的椭圆型二阶偏微分方程，在给定流体沿地形运动的条件下 ，算出问题的解. 计算结果表明，沿岸可以出现上升流也可以出现下沉流，它依赖于海洋的 大尺度背景条件. 计算所得的上升流、沿岸急流、温度的锋区结构与一些观测事实接近.     

Modelling potential areas of groundwater development for agriculture in northern Ghana using GIS/RS

Abstract

Groundwater development potential in northern Ghana (108 671 km²) has been assessed by combining spatial layers for five critical factors—recharge rate, regolith thickness, transmissivity, borehole success rate and static water level—through a multi-criteria analysis approach to rank development potential from the viewpoint of groundwater availability and accessibility at a resolution of 1 km². The results indicate a high potential for development in the study area, as about 70% of the area was found to have high to moderate groundwater availability, while 83% has high to medium groundwater accessibility. Comparing the two main hydrogeological environments, the Precambrian Basement rocks (PCB) area was found to generally have a higher groundwater development potential than the Voltaian Sedimentary rocks (VSB). More detailed investigation revealed that the VSB can produce a small proportion of exceptionally high-yielding boreholes that can support large-scale irrigation. A test of the reliability of results showed that generally, the majority of high- and low-yielding boreholes fall in areas predicted by the model as having high and low groundwater availability, respectively.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor D. Hughes

Citation Forkuor, G., Pavelic, P., Asare, E., and Obuobie, E., 2013. Modelling potential areas of groundwater development for agriculture in northern Ghana using GIS/RS. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (2), 437–451.     

138铀矿床成矿地质及物化条件分析

１３８矿床是中生代火山－沉积改造型铀矿床。本文对矿床的铀源、矿区地层岩性、岩相古地理及古气候、构造和改造再生等地质条件，以及铀的吸附还原剂，岩石的有效孔隙度、化学成分、酸碱度、氧化还原电位等物理化学条件进行探讨。     

2007年淮河流域暴雨期间大气环流特征分析

利用NCAR/NCEP再分析资料及国家气象信息中心30年气候平均降水资料,通过动力诊断与分析手段研究了2007年6—7月发生在我国淮河流域的暴雨。结果表明,淮河流域的环流垂直结构和降水有着非常好的对应关系。暴雨期间,鄂霍茨克海阻高与乌拉尔山阻高这种双阻高形势对于淮河流域的持续降水提供了很好的条件;南亚高压高层(200 hPa)基本为正散度区,低层(850 hPa)为负散度区,上下层强烈的抽吸结构对暴雨的发生也是非常有利的条件,同时,在淮河暴雨期问,南亚高压(200 hPa)与500 hPa西太平洋副热带高压有着相向而行的移动路径;位涡对于分析冷空气的活动,有着比较清晰的意义,暴雨发生前,有明显的正位涡异常从高纬度向低纬度伸展。大气非绝热加热分析结果显示,视热源和视水汽汇两者的高值中心与相应时段暴雨中心位置一致。