Probability-consistent spectrum and code spectrum

IntroductionInChina,thecombinationofseismicdesigncodewithzoningmapofseismicintensityorgroundmotionparametersisusuallyadoptedtodeterminetheseismicfortificationcriterionforthegeneralindustryandcivilbuildings.Thepresentproceduresareasfollows.Accordingtothepro-jectlocation,thedesignbasicaccelerationofgroundmotionandthedesigncharacteristicperiodofresponsespectrumareobtainedfromthezoningmapofseismicgroundmotionparameters(GeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantineofthePeople…     

Estimation of annual actual evapotranspiration from nonsaturated land surfaces with conventional meteorological data

Land surface evapotranspiration is an important component both in earth surface heat and water bal-ance, on whose budgets weather and climate depend, to a great extent, for their changes are responsible for the formation and variation of vegetation features on the globe. Besides, the evapotranspiration is an im-portant topic of short-term flood forecasting and the estimation of runoff from mountainous sides. As a result, the problem as to the evapotranspiration has been one of the concerns in …     

一个基于中尺度数值模式的城市分区空气污染预报方法

以深圳市为例，对污染物浓度与各种大气参数的定量联系进行了细致的统计及物理分析，在此基础上建立起分区的城市空气污染潜势等级预报方案。该方案定量考虑了地面和边界层共十几个因子的影响，特别是考虑了地理环境各向异性的效应，将风向作为一个独立的影响因子。方案还针对各污染物稀释特性的差异对不同污染物分别建立潜势预报方案。另外，方案还考虑了相同大气条件下大气对城市不同区域污染物稀释特性可能存在的差异，对不同区域分别建立潜势预报方案。最后用高分辨的中尺度数值模式对大气参数的未来演变作出高时空分辨的预报，进而作出分区、分时段的城市空气污染潜势预报。本方法完全客观定量，物理意义明确，可制作高时间分辨的空气污染潜势预报。     

粤北下庄铀矿田富铀矿找矿前景探讨

本文通过对下庄矿田铀矿找矿潜力分析 ,探讨区内富铀矿找矿方向和找矿前景。研究表明 :下庄矿田是铀元素高度富集的矿集区 ,具有较大的找矿潜力和发展前景 ,是粤北富铀矿找矿的重点地区之一 ;区内“交点”型、碱交代碎裂岩型和群脉型铀矿是该区今后找矿的主要目标类型和找矿方向。     

红砂岩高陡岩质边坡稳定性分析及治理

充分利用边坡失稳前自身抗滑能力进行高陡边坡治理，结合工程实例，提出了主动性公路边坡治理的思路。分别利用极限平衡法和有限元数值法，综合考虑了两种方法的优缺点，对红砂岩高陡边坡进行了全面的稳定性分析，并针对性地提出了经济合理的治理方案。     

广西环江县北山地区喷流沉积铅锌矿资源潜力及找矿方向

环江县北山地区铅锌矿均富集在同一地层层位——中上泥盆统，五圩—川山—驯乐NNE向深断裂控制着成矿带，矿床存在大量沉积成岩成矿组构，喷流沉积特征明显。其成矿地质背景、沉积相、礁硅岩套建造、同生断裂活动、赋矿层位等与邻区丹池锡一铅锌多金属矿集区类似，有巨大找矿潜力。     

太白县大河滩铜-金-多金属矿点成矿条件及找矿前景分析

大河滩铜-金-多金属矿点处于两大板块碰撞对接带，其间有庞家河一马鞍桥近EW向铁-金矿带和斜峪关一二郎坝NE向铁-贵金属矿带通过，具有多次成矿作用叠加的特点，可与江西“银山式”大型铜-金多金属矿床的成矿条件、赋矿特征、成矿时代和矿化类型类比，具备形成大型矿床的成矿地质条件，找矿前景较大。     

Hydro-thermal performance of multilayer capillary barriers in arid lands

In this study, a capillary barrier system was designed and tested for an arid land environment. To simulate arid land conditions of high temperature and sub-irrigation systems, the barrier was subjected to thermal and hydraulic gradients in opposite directions; to test the barrier system under these severe conditions, an experimental apparatus was designed and fabricated. The multilayer capillary barrier consisted of three layers made of silica sand, a mixture of sand and bentonite in equal portions, and a mixture of clay (25%) and aggregate (75%). Several one dimensional coupled heat and moisture tests were performed. Temperature variations along the thickness of the barrier were recorded as a function of time, and at the end of each test, the barrier was sliced into small sections, for the determination of volumetric water content as a function of distance from the heat source. The experimental results were discussed in view of the barrier's intended purpose of its ability to store moisture for long time durations. Coupled heat and moisture flow equations were developed and solved numerically via a finite difference method. Diffusivity parameters were calculated by using experimental results, a numerical model, and Powell's conjugate directions method of nonlinear optimization. The model was calibrated and the results were discussed. Good agreement between calculated and experimental results was obtained. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Soil moisture potential and water content in the unsaturated zone within the arid Ejina Oasis in Northwest China

Three soil profiles were selected in the Ejina Oasis, northwest China, to determine water content profiles and evolution of soil moisture potentials in the unsaturated zone within the arid area. The total soil moisture potentials have been monitored for about 3 months in 2001 at different depths in the soil profiles. The occurrence and movement of water in the unsaturated zone was analyzed using the zero flux plane (ZFP) method. It is shown that convergent ZFPs and divergent ZFPs may occur at depths between 0.5 and 3.0 m, and that the depth of the ZFPs was controlled by the root zone of plants growing on the land surface. Profiles of the total soil moisture potentials were observed to be coincident with those of the water contents at the three experimental sites. The total soil moisture potential showed a slight increasing trend and the ZFPs tend to vanish from summer to winter as the water extraction by roots decreased. Evapotranspiration through vegetation has an important bearing on the water content and the total potential in the unsaturated zone.     

Geodynamic Information in Peridotite Petrology

Systematic differences are observed in the petrology and majorelement geochemistry of natural peridotite samples from thesea floor near oceanic ridges and subduction zones, the mantlesection of ophiolites, massif peridotites, and xenoliths ofcratonic mantle in kimberlite. Some of these differences reflectvariable temperature and pressure conditions of melt extraction,and these have been calibrated by a parameterization of experimentaldata on fertile mantle peridotite. Abyssal peridotites are examplesof cold residues produced at oceanic ridges. High-MgO peridotitesfrom the Ronda massif are examples of hot residues producedin a plume. Most peridotites from subduction zones and ophiolitesare too enriched in SiO₂ and too depleted in Al₂O₃ to be residues,and were produced by melt–rock reaction of a precursorprotolith. Peridotite xenoliths from the Japan, Cascades andChile–Patagonian back-arcs are possible examples of arcprecursors, and they have the characteristics of hot residues.Opx-rich cratonic mantle is similar to subduction zone peridotites,but there are important differences in FeO_T. Opx-poor xenolithsof cratonic mantle were hot residues of primary magmas with16–20% MgO, and they may have formed in either ancientplumes or hot ridges. Cratonic mantle was not produced as aresidue of Archean komatiites. KEY WORDS: peridotite; residues; fractional melting; abyssal; cratonic mantle; subduction zone; ophiolite; potential temperature; plumes; hot ridges