南黄海盆地二叠系烃源岩孢粉相特征及其形成环境

以沉积环境控制烃源岩发育理论为指导,应用孢粉相分析方法,以南黄海盆地二叠系大隆组、龙潭组和栖霞组烃源岩层段为研究对象,对典型钻井剖面的孢粉及沉积有机屑进行系统的分析。根据沉积有机屑的丰度特征和组分类型,探讨三套烃源岩的形成环境,初步评价其生烃潜力。研究结果表明,利用孢粉相分析方法,可以有效地对高成熟海相烃源岩的生烃潜力和形成环境进行客观评价:栖霞组为缺氧远陆架沉积环境,以无定形有机质为主,水体分层缺氧,是烃源岩形成的有利环境;大隆组为缺氧和少氧的陆架环境,也较有利于烃源岩的形成,生烃潜力较栖霞组差;龙潭组煤质型有机质较为丰富,为充氧的陆架区,以陆源输入为主,沉积区水体较浅,含氧量高,不利于富氢烃源岩的形成。     

影响海相烃源岩热解生烃过程的地质条件

热解生烃实验是研究油气生成机理与定量评价烃源岩生烃潜力的重要方法.烃源岩热解生烃模拟结果不仅与温度、压力和时间等因素有关,而且与地层孔隙水及压实成岩作用等地质因素密切相关.采用高压流体和高压釜(低压水蒸气)两种生烃热模拟方法对低成熟海相二叠统大隆组(P₂d)黑色泥岩进行了热解生烃实验模拟.对比分析两组实验结果表明地层孔隙热解实验有利于液态油的生成,不利于液态油向气态烃的转化,并极大地提高了干酪根的生油气潜力,显示了高压液态水、流体压力和孔隙空间等地质因素对烃源岩中有机质热成熟生烃反应的重要影响.这种影响可能与高压液态水的近临界特性有关,近临界特性地层水的参与改变了干酪根热力生烃反应的物理化学行为.推断在实际地质温压(100~200 ℃,30~120 MPa)条件下,烃源岩孔隙中的地层水是一种相对低温高压液态水,具有水的近临界物理化学特性,因此高压流体生烃热模拟实验与实际地层情况更为接近,能更有效地评价烃源岩生烃潜力.      

南美地区铀矿床类型、成矿区带及找矿前景

南美地区蕴藏了丰富的铀矿资源。通过对砂岩型、石英卵石砾岩型、钙质结砾岩型、火山岩型、花岗岩型、交代岩型6种类型11个矿区进行研究,总结了它们的地质特征,初步划分出中安第斯、阿根廷北部、丘布特和南美东部4个铀矿成矿带,优选出几处铀矿资源潜力区,希望对"走出去"铀矿地质研究工作提供参考。     

圆形隧道围岩附加应力场的解析解答

研究各向同性岩体中含一个圆形隧道围岩的附近应力问题。考虑全场的应力变形特征,运用复变函数的罗朗级数展开技术,构造合适的应力函数,结合隧道的边界条件和无穷远的性态,获得了全场应力复势的解析表达式。数值分析发现,应力集中程度最剧烈时,不一定总是发生在孔的附近;应力集中程度最弱时,不一定总是距离孔边较远;当隧道埋深为其半径的5倍以上时,可以作为无限大基体含一个圆形孔洞来处理。     

沧县隆起北部地区地热资源特征及开发潜力

【研究目的】地热资源特征研究及开发潜力分析是开发区域地热资源的重要依据。【研究方法】本文将前人研究成果与最新钻井资料相结合,通过对沧县隆起北部地区地热地质背景、热储分布、地温场特征、水化学资源类型等主要因素进行剖析,建立了该区的地热成藏模式。【研究结果】沧县隆起北部地区是在渤海湾伸展型沉积盆地高大地热流值背景下,由北部燕山裸露区基岩接受的大气降水作为近源补给水源,进入基岩的冷水在深层循环过程中受到深部热源加热增温,沿断裂破碎带和不整合面向上运移富集,形成的以传导型传热机制为主的地热系统。【结论】本区地热资源特点为热储类型多、盖层地温梯度高、补给速度快、资源量巨大。主要表现为：区内分布馆陶组砂岩热储,奥陶系、蓟县系雾迷山组岩溶热储三套主力热水储集层;地温场分布主要受基底构造形态控制,基岩凸起区的平均地温梯度为45℃/km;地下水类型随着埋深的增加由HCO₃-Na、HCO₃·SO₄-Na型水向成熟的Cl-Na型水过渡;本区内三套热储的可采地热资源量为1.67×10¹⁰GJ,折合标煤5.72×10⁸t,年可开采地热资源量可满足供暖面积2亿m²,若在采灌平衡的条件下,沧县隆起北部地区年可采地热资源量为7.06×10⁷GJ,折合标煤2.41×10⁶t,可满足供暖面积0.85亿m²,具有良好的地热市场开发前景。     

北京市大兴区地下水资源开采潜力分析

本文根据不同含水岩组的水量、水质和水温特征,分析了大兴区地下水资源的开采潜力,提出了地下水开发利用建议,为大兴区城市规划、城市供水方案提供依据。     

湖南盈洞铜-银矿床地质特征及找矿方法探讨

盈洞铜-银矿是上世纪80年代中期发现并开发的一个小而富的矿床，现仍具备较大的矿产资源量和开采价值，通过对该矿床地质特征及成矿规律的分析，以及对该区找矿勘查历史的回顾，认为在勘查过程中，必须要将地表找矿与深部验证相结合，充分发挥其老窿的探矿作用，找矿才能取得突破的效果。     

Holistic approach of GIS based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and WetSpass models to evaluate groundwater potential in Gelana watershed of Ethiopia

Appropriate quantification and identification of the groundwater distribution in a hydrological basin may provide necessary information for effective management, planning and development of groundwater resources. Groundwater potential assessment and delineation in a highly heterogeneous environment with limited Spatiotemporal data derived from Gelana watershed of Abaya Chamo lake basin is performed, using integrated multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), water and energy transfer between soil and plant and atmosphere under quasi-steady state (WetSpass) models. The outputs of the WetSpass model reveal a favorable structure of water balance in the basin studied, mainly using surface runoff. The simulated total flow and groundwater recharge are validated using river measurements and estimated baseflow at two gauging stations located in the study area, which yields a good agreement. The WetSpass model effectively integrates a water balance assessment in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. The WetSpass model is shown to be computationally reputable for such a remote complex setting as the African rift, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and 0.99 for total flow and baseflow at a significant level of p-value<0.05, respectively. The simulated annual water budget reveals that 77.22% of annual precipitation loses through evapotranspiration, of which 16.54% is lost via surface runoff while 6.24% is recharged to the groundwater. The calibrated groundwater recharge from the WetSpass model is then considered when determining the controlling factors of groundwater occurrence and formation, together with other multi-thematic layers such as lithology, geomorphology, lineament density and drainage density. The selected five thematic layers through MCDA are incorporated by employing the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method to identify the relative dominance in groundwater potential zoning. The weighted factors in the AHP are procedurally aggregated, based on weighted linear combinations to provide the groundwater potential index. Based on the potential indexes, the area then is demarcated into low, moderate, and high groundwater potential zones (GWPZ). The identified GWPZs are finally examined using the existing groundwater inventory data (static water level and springs) in the region. About 70.7% of groundwater inventory points are coinciding with the delineated GWPZs. The weighting comparison shows that lithology, geomorphology, and groundwater recharge appear to be the dominant factors influence on the resources potential. The assessment of groundwater potential index values identify 45.88% as high, 39.38% moderate, and 14.73% as low groundwater potential zones. WetSpass model analysis is more preferable in the area like Gelana watershed when the topography is rugged, inaccessible and having limited gauging stations.     

华南热点铀成矿作用

文章阐述了地幔柱和热点活动的基本概念，并划分热点活动为大陆型和大洋型；扼要阐述了热点活动与成矿作用的关系，提出了热点铀成矿作用理论。华南中新生代（220～50Ma）的地质构造作用、岩浆活动、沉积和变质作用、成矿作用与深部地幔柱构造作用有着密切关系。从地质、地球物理和地球化学等方面论证了贵东东部为中生代大陆型热点活动地区及其与铀成矿作用的关系，指出了华南热液型铀矿找矿远景。     

二密铜矿控矿构造特征及找矿方向探讨

二密铜矿位于二密中生代火山盆地中,矿床产于松顶山序列石英闪长岩与侏罗系火山岩接触带附近,矿体受多组断裂联合控制,矿体多呈脉状,主成矿期在花岗斑岩株侵入固结之后。成矿热液来源于深部,沿300°±断裂带及34°±断裂带运移至容矿构造中成矿。300°(4)与34°(6)两条主干断裂带交汇部位一带可能是主要成矿区。