Compositions, Proportions, and Equilibrium Temperature of Coexisting Two-feldspar in Crystalline Rocks

Compositions, proportions, and equilibrium temperature of coexisting two-feldspar in crystalline rocks are of great importance to classification in petrography and interpretation of petrogenesis. Crystalline rocks are usually composed of 4-6 minerals (phases), depending on their independent chemical components and the equilibrium temperature of crystallizations. In general, number of mineral phases can be determined by the “Phase Rule”. According to the mass balance principle, bulk composition of coexisting two-feldspar could be evaluated from the bulk chemistry of a rock, provided that the compositions of the coexisting mafic mineral phases containing calcium, sodium, and potassium oxides are determined, e.g., by microprobe analysis. The compositions, proportions, and temperature of two-feldspar in equilibrium can thus be simultaneously resolved numerically from bulk composition of the rock, by incorporating the activity/composition relations of the ternary feldspars with the mass balance constraints. Upon the numerical approximation method presented in this paper, better-quality, internally consistent data on feldspar group could usually be obtained, which would be expected more realistic and accurate in consideration of thermodynamic equilibria in the system of crystalline rocks, as well as bulk chemistry of a rock and the composing minerals.     

北祁连浪力克地区毛藏花岗闪长岩年代学、Hf同位素及地球化学特征

青海省门源县浪力克地区毛藏花岗闪长岩岩体位于北祁连冷龙岭东段,文章通过开展年代学和岩石地球化学研究,对该岩体的形成时代进行厘定并探讨其成因。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,毛藏花岗闪长岩体形成时代为(471.9±8.6)Ma(MSWD=1.6),属早古生代奥陶纪;锆石Hf同位素分析结果显示,该类岩石εHf(t)值介于-13.3~5.26,T_(DM2)为1112.4~2284.7 Ma,暗示岩浆可能是由壳幔混合作用形成,其壳源源区很可能是古元古代及中元古代古老地壳岩石。此外,岩石地球化学研究结果表明,该类岩石属弱过铝质中钾钙碱性系列的I型花岗岩,明显富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Ba、Rb)和活泼不相容元素(如Th、U),相对亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti、P),形成于俯冲消减环境,为火山弧花岗岩。     

察尔汗盐湖钾矿资源开采中的环境问题分析与对策

依据已有调研资料,对影响和制约察尔汗盐湖钾矿资源开发的开采方式、固液转化、尾卤贫化矿层等关键矿山环境问题进行了分析,指出开展盐湖资源水盐均衡监测是防止钾矿资源贫化、实现钾矿资源有效开采、制定盐湖资源开发保护规划的基础,为盐湖资源开发和管理提供了一种较为科学的技术思路。     

精确测定钾长石的费氏台砂薄片法简介

钾长石的2V和N_g∧⊥(010)、N_g∧⊥(001)的夹角是结构状态的函数,能够表明T_1四面体上Si-Al的有序度,具有重要的地质意义。在砂薄片上选取近于垂直a轴(近于垂直锐角等分线N_p)的钾长石碎屑,具有易于判定消光位的干涉色,取得清晰的干涉图象。在费氏台上用锥光法和四轴法能精确测定这些光学数据。此方法操作简便,精度可靠(误差在2°以内),是一种好的光学方法,值得推广。     

Retrograde metamorphic reactions in deforming granites and the origin of flame perthite

Abstract Microprobe analyses of feldspars in granite mylonites containing flame perthite give compositions that invariably plot as three distinct clusters on a ternary feldspar diagram: orthoclase (Or_92–97), albite and oligoclase-andesine. The albite occurs as grains in the matrix, as flame-shaped lamellae in orthoclase, and in patches within plagioclase grains. We present a metamorphic model for albite flame growth in the K-feldspar in these rocks that is related to reactions in plagioclase, rather than alkali feldspar exsolution. Flame growth is attributed to replacement and results from a combination of two retrograde reactions and one exchange reaction under greenschist facies conditions. Reaction 1 is a continuous or discontinuous (across the peristerite solvus) reaction in plagioclase, in which the An component forms epidote or zoisite. Most of the albite component liberated by Reaction 1 stays to form albite in the host plagioclase, but some Na migrates to form the flames within the K-feldspar. Reaction 2 is the exchange of K for Na in K-feldspar. Reaction 3 is the retrograde formation of muscovite (as ‘sericite’) and has all of the chemical components of a hydration reaction of K-feldspar. The Si and Al made available in the plagioclase from Reaction 1 are combined with the K liberated from the K-feldspar, to produce muscovite in Reaction 3. The muscovite forms in the plagioclase, rather than the K-feldspar, as a result of the greater mobility of K relative to Al. The composition of the albite flames is controlled by both the peristerite and the alkali feldspar miscibility gaps and depends on the position of these solvi at the pressure and temperature that existed during the reaction. Using an initial plagioclase composition of An₂₀, the total reaction can be summarized as: 20 oligoclase + 1 K-feldspar + 2 H₂O = 2 zoisite + muscovite + 2 quartz + 15 albite_plagioclase+ 1 albite_flame. This model does not require that any additional feldspar framework be accreted at replacement sites: Na and K are the only components that must migrate a significant distance (e.g. from one grain to the next), allowing Al to remain within the altering plagioclase grain. The resulting saussuritization is isovolumetric. The temperature and extent of replacement depends on when, and how much, water infiltrates the rock. The fugacity of the water, and therefore the pressure of the fluid, may have been significantly lower than lithostatic during flame growth.     

Does ternary feldspar constrain the metamorphic conditions of high‐grade meta‐igneous rocks? Evidence from orthopyroxene granulites,Bohemian Massif

The presence of ternary feldspar in high‐grade meta‐igneous rocks, and the recognition of the thermometric significance of this mineral, has led recent researchers to postulate peak metamorphic temperatures in excess of 1000 °C. However, it needs to be established that such ternary feldspar is not in fact a survivor of the original high‐temperature crystallization of the igneous protolith. After exsolution, the host and lamellae in the ternary feldspar grains may be stable throughout subsequent history as long as recrystallization does not occur. Such a history may involve rehydration and metamorphism, including H₂O‐saturated conditions, with the compositions and proportions of the host and lamellae being modified to reflect the P–T conditions experienced. In the case of the high‐grade meta‐igneous rocks from the Moldanubian of the Bohemian Massif, some samples that contain ternary feldspar preserve a substantial measure of their igneous heritage. Orthopyroxene‐bearing granulites not only include types that are barely affected by the metamorphism, but also others that have undergone hydration of the igneous protolith prior to the development of a metamorphic overprint. A key to establishing the igneous origin of the ternary feldspar grains is their preservation in garnet that is either itself igneous, or of a relatively low‐temperature metamorphic origin. Applying the logic to the other ternary feldspar‐bearing meta‐igneous rocks deprives the Moldanubian of its ultrahigh temperature (UHT) metamorphic status.     

无机界矿物天然自净化功能之矿物超微孔道效应

孔径在0.3～2.0nm范围内的矿物结构孔道属于通常意义上的微孔道,如天然锰钾矿结构中由Mn—O八面体构建并由K等充填其中的微孔道,类似于大家熟知的沸石中由Si—O和Al—O四面体所构建并由Na和Ca充填其中的微孔道,往往具有分子筛功能。本文重点提出孔径在0.3nm以下的天然矿物结构孔道为超微孔道。由于无机离子包括水分子均小于0.3nm,自然界中大多数无机矿物超微结构孔道能成为地球物质发生离子交换的场所而表现出离子筛功能。长期以来人们并没有把约占地壳质量一半以上的长石矿物归类为孔道结构矿物,主要归咎于其孔径过于微小,有关长石孔道离子交换效应更没有引起人们足够的重视。实验研究结果表明,无论是在高温条件下,还是在低温条件下,长石矿物都能表现出一定的离子交换性,具有明显的孔道结构矿物特征。在高温条件下Na 与钾长石发生离子交换反应,能形成Na2O含量达15.9%的钠长石。在中温条件下Pb2 与钾长石发生离子交换反应,能生成铅长石物相。在常温条件下Cd2 与钾长石发生离子交换反应,能生成镉长石物相。长石矿物所体现出的良好的超微孔道效应,在对重金属污染物无害化处理包括核废料安全性处置领域具有潜在应用价值。天然矿物超微孔道在地球物质迁移与交换过程中一直发挥着鲜为人知的独特作用。极少数天然矿物微孔道分子筛效应孕育有净化分子型气体污染物的作用,而大多数天然矿物超微孔道离子筛效应却孕育有净化离子型水体污染物的作用。     

不同钾素处理春玉米叶片营养元素含量变化及其光谱响应

目的是研究不同钾营养水平春玉米典型生育期叶片的光谱响应,探索叶片内营养成分与叶片光谱反射率的相关性。方法是设置了不同梯度钾处理的盆栽试验,按玉米生育期进行光谱测定和取样分析。结果,通过对不同钾处理间玉米叶片养分含量的差异性分析表明,随着施钾的提高,叶片钾含量差异性达到显著水平。分析不同钾营养水平不同生育时期春玉米叶片光谱反射率与叶片钾含量的相关关系,并建立了喇叭口期利用叶片光谱反射率估测叶片钾含量的数学模型;以及分析了该处理下喇叭口期叶片内水分、叶绿素、氮、磷、钙、镁、锌、锰、铜、铁含量与叶片光谱反射率的相关性。结果表明：不同生育时期叶片钾含量与其光谱反射率的相关关系在光谱维方向存在明显差别,730—930nm和960—1100nm两波段为春玉米喇叭口期评价钾营养状况的敏感波段,光谱变量R767＋R1057,（R767＋R1057） /（logR767＋logR1057）和（R767-R1057） /（logR767-logR1057）均能很好的预测喇叭口期叶片钾含量;该时期叶片内不同成分与光谱反射率相关分析表明：550nm,710nm,950nm三波段处是各个相关曲线的突变点;叶片内各成分间高度相关的,它们的光谱相关曲线趋势也极为一致或对称。     

新疆莎车盆地钾异常发现及有利找钾区预测

塔里木盆地古代钾盐找矿是一项艰巨且亟需突破的科学技术问题,在半个多世纪的找钾历程中,虽然获得少许找钾线索,但一直没有突破.塔里木盆地中、新生代发生多期次海侵—海退,发育多期蒸发岩地层,如西南部的莎车次级盆地、北部的库车次级盆地,岩盐厚度从几十米到上千米,自20世纪70年代以来,塔里木盆地一直是找钾重点区.笔者依托国家科技项目及地质调查项目,对莎车盆地开展成钾研究及找矿靶区预测,结果显示:岩石地球化学测量在莎车盆地西北部的乌帕地区发现钾异常,氯化钾含量为0.210％～0.458％,平均0.288％,该区地表盐泉水中具有高的溴氯系数(0.54)及钾异常(0.11 g/L),另外在该区地表结晶盐壳中发现光卤石.依据上述发现及研究结果,初步预测乌帕地区为该盆地有利的找钾区.     

查干德尔斯钼矿复杂地层钻探技术探讨与实践

针对内蒙古乌拉特后旗查干德尔斯钼矿区大部分地层（尤其进出矿层部位）破碎、漏失、坍塌、掉块的复杂特性,为避免因孔壁的不稳定等因素而造成卡钻、埋钻或报废钻孔等事故,结合以往复杂地层钻探施工经验,采取了腐植酸钾低固相泥浆及相关技术措施,确保了钻进的顺利,取得了良好的施工质量和效率,为下一步施工提供了技术保证措施和经验。总结了该区复杂地层钻探施工经验,可供类似矿区借鉴。