第四纪以来塔里木河流域对罗布泊的钾离子输运量

研究塔里木盆地周边河流对罗布泊盐湖的盐分补给,对于研究罗布泊盐湖钾盐物质来源具有重要意义。文章在分析前人对塔里木盆地气候、温度、径流量变化等研究的基础上,分别根据竺可桢近5000年的古温度曲线、青藏高原古里雅冰芯δ¹⁸O记录的古气候变化及六盘山朝那黄土剖面磁化率记录的古温度变化,得出了近5000年、12万年、200万年的温度变化,并根据温度-径流量变化模型,估算了塔里木河流域三源流在研究时段内的径流总量。根据径流总量和河水中的K⁺浓度,估算了第四纪200万年以来塔里木河流域河水对罗布泊钾离子的输运量。     

青藏高原盐湖水化学及其矿物组合特征

青藏高原湖泊的矿化度与其湖泊演化所处的自然环境,特别是与气候条件关系密切,根据取得盐湖数量和卫片解译,本区湖泊矿化度在空间上变化的总趋势是由北、西北向南、东南趋向下降,大体上与现代高原年干燥度(年蒸发量/年降水量)呈同步变化。高原盐湖的pH值既与水化学类型有关,又与湖水矿化度有关,即由碳酸盐型→硫酸钠亚型→硫酸镁亚型→氧化物型,其pH值趋于下降,而湖泊的pH值与矿化度大体呈反相关。根据库尔纳可夫—瓦良什科分类法及作者对碳酸盐型的细分,对青藏高原盐湖水化学进行了全面细致划分,从而取得了清晰的规律性认识:本区盐湖水化学具有南北分带,东西分区的特点。不同的盐湖水化学类型,具有不同的专属性,碳酸盐型代表性成矿组合为硼砂(三方硼砂)或硼砂—扎布耶石,以及碱—芒硝组合;硫酸钠亚型代表性成矿组合为芒硝(无水芒硝)—石盐以及镁硼酸盐(库水硼镁石、柱硼镁石等)—钠硼解石—芒硝;硫酸镁亚型代表性成矿组合为硫酸镁盐(泻利盐、白钠镁矾)—石盐、镁硼酸盐—芒硝、芒硝—软钾镁矾—石盐以及大量石膏;氯化物型代表性成矿组合则为光卤石—水氯镁石—石盐、光卤石—石盐,个别盐湖共生南极石。由此可见,青藏高原各类型盐湖矿物组合基本上具有冷相组合特征,芒硝及与其共生的冷相盐类矿物,可成为研究古气候变化的重要标志物。目前已检出青藏高原盐湖水含有59种元素,其中B与Li、Cs、K、Rb有密切共生关系,其含量随湖水矿化度增长大致呈正相关;B、Li、Cs、K、Rb最高正异常落在羌南碳酸盐型带(Ⅰ2)西段—昂拉陵湖区为中心地区;并与本区中新世火山沉积岩系和地热水B、Li、Cs、Rb等高值区并行不悖。以上有力证明B、Li、Cs等特殊元素物质与深部来源有关。据近期大量地球物理和火山岩岩石地球化学研究,其成因与印度—欧亚陆陆碰撞引起的重熔岩浆作用有密切成因联系。南美科迪勒拉高原硼锂(铯)盐湖即生成于活动大陆边缘,两者均说明全球特定的活动构造带是造成天然水B、Li、Cs(K、Rb)高丰度及其成矿作用的主因。     

"Water Consumption" in the Diagenetic Stage and Its Petroleum Geological Significance

Inspired from the anomaly of low pressure in the middle and deep reservoir of the Paleogene in the Jiyang depression, this paper theoritically discusses"waterconsumption"of the principal mineral alteration during the diagenetic stage. The preliminary research result shows that "water consumption" of mineral alteration in the diagenetic stage can make formation water greatly decrease. Relevant formations will be in the stage of low pressure without supply of exterior liquid. Pressure differences between the relevant formations and wall rocks make hydrocarbons enter easily to form the effective reservoir.     

乌拉山金矿钾长石的标型性及其与金矿化关系

在对乌拉山石英－钾长石脉型这一国内外尚不多见的新类型金矿床的野外观察和室内镜下研究的基础上，通过选择性地对其主要矿物钾长石进行电子探针分析，Ｘ射线粉晶衍射分析，红２外吸收光谱测定及可见光吸收光谱分析，系统详尽地了钾长石的产状，形态，化学成分，结构态及可见光吸收光谱特征，提取了作为找寻石英－钾长石脉型金矿床的重要矿物学标志，并进一步探讨了钾长石与金矿化的关系。     

离子交换法生产碳酸钾的工艺探讨

本文讨论以工业KCI和NH4HCO3为原料、采用离子交换法（国产732钠型树脂）生产K2CO3的工艺。小试验的结果：以20％KCI溶液上柱，以分段交换率在50％以前为穿漏点、流速为0．033(ml/min.ml树脂）时，总交换率达83．3％，工作交换容量达2．24（毫摩尔钾／ml树脂）；当以饱和NH4HCO3溶液进行解脱、流速在0．033(ml/min.ml树脂）时，解脱率达91．8％，产品的含量为98．2％。     

华南陆块液体钾、锂资源的区域成矿背景与成矿作用初探

中国华南陆块江汉盆地的江陵凹陷和潜江凹陷以及江西吉泰盆地等裂谷盆地,在白垩纪—古近纪时期,发育了大量的蒸发岩,并形成了富含钾、锂、铷、铯、溴、碘、硼元素的卤水,这些高价值元素的含量多达到工业利用品位或综合利用品位,资源潜力巨大。这些资源的富集区域分布于华南陆块与新华夏裂谷构造的交汇处,同时也是华南花岗岩省与新华夏裂谷玄武岩的分布区。通过对该区域大地构造、火成岩、古气候、古地理特征与全球海侵事件等综合分析,同时结合盆地卤水化学成分的研究,作者提出华南陆块(地区)的中生代—新生代盆地(群)可能是液体钾、锂、铷、铯、溴、碘、硼资源的成矿区;成矿物质受到白垩纪—古近纪火山活动带来的深部物质及海侵事件带来的海水等多源补给,前者主要带来锂、钾、铷、铯等,后者带来钾及溴、碘等。华南盆地卤水中钾、锂等元素的富集是内生与外生地质动力作用的结果,即构造-火成岩-海侵-干旱气候耦合作用的结果,成矿作用过程可以归结为裂谷沉积成矿,主要形成富钾、锂卤水;埋藏阶段这些卤水通常转移到孔隙发育的碎屑岩、玄武岩及断裂带内保存,形成盆地深层卤水矿床。     

KCl+KHCO_3水溶液中氯化钾的平均活度系数和KHCO_3~0的缔合常数

用钾离子选择电极和银—氯化银电极构成的无液界电池测量了KCl+KHCO_3混合水溶液中KCl的平均活度系数,发现其活度系数的对数与混合溶液中KHCO_3的浓度m_2服从哈奈特关系式。用最小二乘法计算机处理求得了各离子强度条件下相应的哈奈特系数。还用适用于混合电解质溶液的皮茨公式计算了该体系电解质的平均活度系数和溶液的超额自由能,计算出活度系数与实验值之间的平均标准偏差为±0.006。溶液的超额自由能随溶液组成变化表明,对于有相同阳离子(K~+)的该混合溶液中离子间短程作用力主要受Cl~-作用的影响。用累代逼近法用微机计算,求得了KHCO_3~0的化学计量缔合常数经验公式及其热力学缔合常数。     

On the dose dependency of the bleachable and non-bleachable components of IRSL from K-feldspar: Improved procedures for luminescence dating of Quaternary sediments

The infrared (IR) stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and post-IR IRSL (pIRIR) signals from K-feldspar can, for convenience, be divided into two components, bleachable and ‘non-bleachable’, where the latter corresponds to the ‘residual’ signal observed in sunlight-bleached samples. In this paper, we examine the non-bleachable component of IRSL of K-feldspar for several sedimentary samples from across Eurasia. We observed a large variability in the residual doses among these samples after prolonged exposure to sunlight. By employing multiple elevated temperature (MET) IR stimulations at 50–300 °C, we show that the residual dose increases systematically with stimulation temperature, attaining values as high as ∼50 Gy at 300 °C, even after several hours to tens of hours of exposure to unfiltered sunlight. We examined two samples in detail and found that the bleachable and non-bleachable components produced different dose response curves. Pulse annealing studies showed that the non-bleachable component is more stable than the bleachable component, suggesting that a preheat procedure cannot eliminate the non-bleachable component. Additional experiments revealed that the non-bleachable component is dose dependent. Owing to this dose dependency, we demonstrate mathematically and empirically that the simple subtraction of a residual dose from the measured equivalent dose (D_e) – which is the most common approach employed (if any residual dose is subtracted at all) – will result in underestimation of the actual D_e. We present a method to correct for the dose dependency of the residual dose, which can improve the accuracy of either MET-pIRIR or pIRIR age estimates for samples in which the non-bleachable component represents a significant fraction of the measured signals.     

Garnet–clinopyroxene intermediate granulites in the St. Leonhard massif of the Bohemian Massif: ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism at high pressure or not?

Garnet–clinopyroxene intermediate granulites occur as thin layers within garnet–kyanite–K–feldspar felsic granulites of the St. Leonhard granulite body in the Bohemian Massif. They consist of several domains. One domain consists of coarser‐grained coexisting ternary feldspar, clinopyroxene, garnet, quartz and accessory rutile and zircon. The garnet has 16–20% grossular, and the clinopyroxene has 9% jadeite and contains orthopyroxene exsolution lamellae. Reintegrated ternary feldspar and the Zr‐in‐rutile thermometer give temperatures higher than 950 °C. Mineral equilibria modelling suggests crystallization at 14 kbar. The occurrence and preservation of this mineral assemblage is consistent with crystallization from hot dry melt. Between these domains is a finer‐grained deformed matrix made up of diopsidic clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, plagioclase and K‐feldspar, apparently produced by reworking of the coarser‐grained domains. Embedded in this matrix, and pre‐dating the reworking deformation, are garnet porphyroblasts that contain clinopyroxene, feldspar, quartz, rutile and zircon inclusions. In contrast with the garnet in the coarser‐grained domains, the garnet generally has >30% grossular, the included clinopyroxene has 7–27% jadeite and the Zr content of rutile indicates much lower temperatures. Some of these high‐grossular garnet show zoning in Fe/(Fe + Mg), decreasing from 0.7 in the core to 0.6 and then increasing to 0.7 at the rim. These garnet are enigmatic, but with reference to appropriate pseudosections are consistent with localized new mineral growth from 650 to 850 °C and 10 to 17 kbar, or with equilibration at 20 kbar and 770 °C, modified by two‐stage diffusional re‐equilibration of rims, at 10–15 and 8 kbar. The strong pervasive deformation has obscured relationships that might have aided the interpretation of the origin of these porphyroblasts. The evolution of these rocks is consistent with formation by igneous crystallization and subsequent metamorphism to high‐T and high‐P, rather than an origin by ultrahigh‐T metamorphism. Regarding the petrographic complexity, combination of the high grossular garnet with the ternary feldspar to infer ultrahigh‐T metamorphism at high pressure is not justified.     

New potassium‐argon basalt date in relation to the Pliocene Bluff Downs Local Fauna,northern Australia

A new radiometric date of 3.6 Ma for the basalt overlying fossiliferous units of the Allingham Formation, provides a minimum age for the Bluff Downs Local Fauna. Ground studies and interpretation of aerial photography has clarified the volcanic history of the area and a new basalt flow has been identified and named. Although the age of the capping basalt permits a younger age for the Bluff Downs Local Fauna than originally described, the stratigraphy, combined with the interpreted stage of evolution of the fauna, still supports an Early Pliocene age for the site.