高植被覆盖区遥感矿化信息提取方法研究

针对吉林省由于植被覆盖、水体、阴影等干扰因素,遥感矿化蚀变信息提取方法繁琐,提取结果不理想的问题,采取主成分分析和比值法相结合,采用遥感蚀变信息多层次分离技术,省去多次掩膜处理,尽可能的保留原始信息,减少了人为因素,提取方法更为简便且准确,为高植被覆盖区遥感矿化蚀变信息提取提供了新思路。     

基于分形方法的蚀变矿物多尺度特征分析

针对矿化蚀变信息常常受其他地物信息的干扰与影像空间分辨率的制约而表现得非常微弱的问题,该文以Landsat7号ETM+30m空间分辨率的影像为数据基础,重采样得到一系列不同空间分辨率的影像;运用ETM+波段3/波段1比值法获得铁染蚀变相对含量灰度图,采用分形模型计算出不同分辨率下蚀变矿物的分维值,进而获得分辨率—分维值的一元线性回归方程;最后建立了基于分形理论的蚀变矿物多尺度分析模型,得到蚀变矿物空间分布特征变化的参考尺度。结果表明,在一定尺度范围内(30~280m),蚀变矿物显示出空间尺度特征。     

西藏冈底斯成矿带矿化蚀变提取与成矿分析——以尼玛县帮勒地区为例

冈底斯成矿带是我国极具找矿潜力的地带,但受自然条件限制,该地带矿产资源开发程度普遍偏低。选取冈底斯成矿带北部尼玛县帮勒地区为研究区,以Landsat-8OLI数据为主要信息源,采用主成分分析法提取研究区铁染和羟基矿化蚀变信息。在GIS平台上,将提取的蚀变信息结合研究区现有地质、化探、矿产等资料进行综合分析,依据成矿理论,圈定2个成矿远景区。经野外验证,文中获取的矿化蚀变信息分布状况与已知矿点和已探明蚀变带的空间一致性高。矿化蚀变带的探明能够为区域矿产资源开发与勘查提供帮助。     

基于ETM~+数据和GIS技术的缅甸铜金矿成矿预测

在利用遥感数据和地理信息系统(GIS)技术的矿产资源勘查与评价中,矿化蚀变信息提取和构造信息提取起着至关重要的作用。以缅甸铜金矿为例,利用ETM+遥感图像,采用比值法、阈值分割和主成分分析(PCA)提取羟基蚀变信息;利用数字高程模型和遥感数据提取与铜金矿化有关的线环构造,结合地质资料和上述信息,利用证据权和分形方法进行整合,确定该研究区的成矿远景区。结果发现,已知铜金矿均分布于成矿靶区中,综合信息可为下一步的矿产资源勘探工作提供决策依据。     

陕西潼关金矿田含金石英脉蚀变矿化特征及其成矿作用初析

本文论述了潼关金矿田含金石英脉蚀变矿化的主要特征,指出该矿田含金石英脉的蚀变围岩可分为两个带,即绢云母石英片岩带(或千枚岩带)和蚀变片麻岩带,认为整个蚀变带具典型的中温热液蚀变特征;在围岩热液蚀变过程中,Au、SiO_2、K_2O、CO_2和H_2O是带入组份,而Mg、Ti、Na_2O、Fe_2O_6、FeO和CaO是带出组份,Au未表现出明显的扩散效应.     

洛宁铁炉坪银铅矿床围岩蚀变分带特征

本文通过对铁炉坪银、铅矿床围岩蚀变的研究，划分出６种基本蚀变类型，３种蚀变带。各蚀变带以矿体为中心对称分布，各带之间呈渐变过渡关系。并指出由蚀变作用引起围岩化学成分及微量元素含量的变化，岩石化学成分与矿物成分变化相一致，成矿与围岩蚀变相辅相成。还指出了围岩蚀变的找矿意义。     

云南绿春地区遥感地质特征与找矿远景综合分析

针对云南绿春地区地质背景复杂、地形崎岖、植被稠密、传统地面调查方法实施区域地质填图比较困难的问题,利用TM,ETM+和SPOT5多源遥感数据,采用三维可视化等技术提取了该区域地层、岩体和构造的岩性组合、线性构造和环形构造等特征,分析了地质背景,依据构造关系和遥感影像特征分析了区域应力状态;提取了与矿化有关的构造、岩性及羟基、铁染蚀变遥感异常信息,在剖析典型矿床的基础上,进行了找矿预测.取得的研究成果为区域地质填图和矿产勘查工作部署提供了基础地质信息及找矿线索.     

Geochemical constraints on the modes of carbonate precipitation in peridotites from the Logatchev Hydrothermal Vent Field and Gakkel Ridge

The ultramafic-hosted Logatchev Hydrothermal Field (LHF) at 15°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Arctic Gakkel Ridge (GR) feature carbonate precipitates (aragonite, calcite, and dolomite) in voids and fractures within different types of host rocks. We present chemical and Sr isotopic compositions of these different carbonates to examine the conditions that led to their formation. Our data reveal that different processes have led to the precipitation of carbonates in the various settings. Seawater-like ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios for aragonite in serpentinites (0.70909 to 0.70917) from the LHF are similar to those of aragonite from the GR (0.70912 to 0.70917) and indicate aragonite precipitation from seawater at ambient conditions at both sites. Aragonite veins in sulfide breccias from LHF also have seawater-like Sr isotope compositions (0.70909 to 0.70915), however, their rare earth element (REE) patterns show a clear positive europium (Eu) anomaly indicative of a small (< 1%) hydrothermal contribution. In contrast to aragonite, dolomite from the LHF has precipitated at much higher temperatures (~ 100 °C), and yet its ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.70896 to 0.70907) are only slightly lower than those of aragonite. Even higher temperatures are calculated for the precipitation of deformed calcite veins in serpentine–talc fault schists form north of the LHF. These calcites show unradiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.70460 to 0.70499) indicative of precipitation from evolved hydrothermal fluids. A simple mixing model based on Sr mass balance and enthalpy conservation indicates strongly variable conditions of fluid mixing and heat transfers involved in carbonate formation. Dolomite precipitated from a mixture of 97% seawater and 3% hydrothermal fluid that should have had a temperature of approximately 14 °C assuming that no heat was transferred. The much higher apparent precipitation temperatures based on oxygen isotopes (~ 100 °C) may be indicative of conductive heating, probably of seawater prior to mixing. The hydrothermal calcite in the fault schist has precipitated from a mixture of 67% hydrothermal fluid and 33% seawater, which should have had an isenthalpic mixing temperature of ~ 250 °C. The significantly lower temperatures calculated from oxygen isotopes are likely due to conductive cooling of hydrothermal fluid discharging along faults. Rare earth element patterns corroborate the results of the mixing model, since the hydrothermal calcite, which formed from waters with the greatest hydrothermal contribution, has REE patterns that closely resemble those of vent fluids from the LHF. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that (1) precipitation from pure seawater, (2) conductive heating of seawater, and (3) conductive cooling of hydrothermal fluids in the sub-seafloor all can lead to carbonate precipitation within a single ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal system.     

The Miduk porphyry Cu deposit,Kerman, Iran: A geochemical analysis of the potassic zone including halogen element systematics related to Cu mineralization processes

Miduk hypogene and supergene porphyry Cu–Mo mineralization occurs within the Miocene porphyritic quartz–diorite and host Eocene plagioclase–hornblende phyric andesitic pyroclastic and flow sequence. Both the host rocks were extensively altered by hydrothermal fluids to dominantly potassic, phyllic, and argillic with interstitial to distal propylitic types.     

江东测区航磁异常地面查证结果的再认识

笔者结合1/5万磁法扫面及相关磁参数测定工作,在路线地质调查的基础上,进一步对引起江东测区航磁异常的原因进行了客观的分析和总结,得出该区磁异常并非某些专家所讲由"似条带状含铁硅质岩建造(铁多金属矿化)"引起,而实由高黎贡山群中-高级区域变质岩类产生的结论,并对在该区进行地质勘查的找矿标志、矿床类型等找矿方向提出了自己的观点.