生产玻璃,陶瓷的原料—钾长石《长石粉》

介绍了钾长石在工业、农业、化工等方面的用途及含钾岩石的开发利用情况。     

Kinetics of the reactions of hydroxyl radicals with alkyl nitrates and with some oxygen-containing organic compounds studied under simulated atmospheric conditions

Rate constants have been measured for the reactions of hydroxyl radicals with alkyl nitrates and with some oxygen-containing organic compounds by a competitive technique. Mixtures of synthetic air containing a few ppm of nitrous acid, ethylene and the organic substrate were photolysed in a Teflon bag smog chamber. Based on the value k _HO+C2H₄}=8.1×10^-12 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1 the following rate constants were obtained for the hydroxyl radical reactions at 750 Torr and at 303 K in units of 10^-12 cm³ molecule^-1: CH₃ONO₂, 0.37±0.09; C₂H₅ONO₂, 0.48±0.20; n-C₃H₇ONO₂, 0.70±0.22; C₂H₅OH, 3.6±0.4; CH₃COCH₃, 0.26±0.08; CH₃CO₂ i-C₃H₇, 3.0±0.8; CH₃CO₂ n-C₃H₇, 2.4±0.2. The results are discussed in relation to the available literature data and the implications of the results are considered in terms of the smog reactivity of these molecules.     

HNO3-KClO3-NH4Cl分解I2-CCl4萃取光度法测定矿石中的铜

利用HNO3－KClO3饱和液溶解矿样后，加NH4Cl蒸干破坏氮的氧化物，用六偏磷酸钠作掩蔽剂，采用I2－CCl4萃取光度法测定矿石中的铜，取得了较为满意的结果。     

Amphiphilic sodium alginate-vinyl acetate microparticles for drug delivery

To overcome the fast or burst release of hydrophilic drugs from hydrophilic alginate-based carriers,hydrophobic molecule(vinyl acetate,VAc)was grafted on alginate(Alg),which was further used to prepare drug carriers.Amphiphilic Alg-g-PVAc hydrogel beads were firstly prepared by emulsification/internal gelation technique for the loading of bovine serum albumin(BSA).Then,chitosan was coated on the surface of beads to form novel amphiphilic Alg-g-PVAc/chitosan(Alg-g-PVAc/CS)microcapsules.The BSA-loading amphiphilic Alg-g-PVAc/chitosan(Alg-g-PVAc/CS)microcapsules display similar morphology and size to the hydrophilic alginate/chitosan(AC)microcapsules.However,the drug loading and loading efficiency of BSA in Alg-g-PVAc/CS microcapsules are higher,and the release rate of BSA from Alg-g-PVAc/CS microcapsules is slower.The results demonstrate that the introduction of hydrophobic PVAc on alginate can effectively help retard the release of BSA,and the higher degree of substitution is,the slower the release rate is.In addition,the complex membrane can also be adjusted to delay the release of BSA.As a whole,amphiphilic sodium alginate-vinyl acetate/CS microparticles could be developed for macromolecular drug delivery.     

碘酸钾标准物质的研制

本文介绍了碘酸钾标准物质的研制程序，其中包括溶液的配制、均匀性和稳定性检验、分析方法和数据统计处理方法等。并选择了具有高准确度的精密库仑法和自动电位滴定法分析定值，对制备浓度为０．０１ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３碘酸钾标准物质，其定值的相对不确定度可达０．１％，稳定期在一年以上     

Potassium and Residue Management Options to Enhance Productivity and Soil Quality in Zero Till Maize–Wheat Rotation

Crop residue burning and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers in intensive cereal–cereal rotations are present ecological threats in any agro‐ecosystem of the world. Therefore, identification of best suitable agricultural practices can be a feasible option. The present experiment was initiated in 2013 and consisted of four residue levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha^?1) and five potassium (K) levels (0, 50, 100, 150% recommended dose of K and 50%RDK+K solubilizing bacteria, KSB). Crop residue (CR) and K management significantly improve crop and soil quality associated parameters. Among the treatments, maximum increase in crop growth, physiological parameters, grain yield, quality aspects, and water productivity are recorded with the application of 4–6 Mg ha^?1 CR. Application of 50%RDK+KSB also significantly increases crop and soil related parameters. Soil quality indicators (bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and available micronutrients) do not vary significantly with CR and K management. Change in soil organic carbon status, soil enzymes, and potassium‐solubilizing bacterial count are significantly increased with 4–6 Mg ha^?1 CR and application of 50%RDK+KSB, and this is in accordance with correlation study carried out. Therefore, it is concluded that CR retention (4–6 Mg ha^?1) and reduction of inorganic K fertilizer by 50% and inoculation of KSB enhance the soil quality indicators and thereby improve crop growth, physiological parameters, grain yield, and quality aspects along with water productivity under zero till maize–wheat rotation.     

四种浸提剂对果园与菜地土壤有效硒浸提效果的对比研究

有效硒是评价土壤中硒对植物供给能力的重要指标,我国目前尚无测试有效硒的国家标准方法。浸提剂的选择对于准确测定有效硒的含量至关重要,本文根据浸提的有效硒与硒形态的关联性来确定最优浸提剂种类。实验中选取了碳酸氢钠、磷酸二氢钾、硝酸和盐酸四种浸提剂,对天津果园和菜地的土壤进行有效硒浸提,采用原子荧光光谱法测定各形态硒的含量,并分别对浸提的有效硒与水溶态+离子交换态+碳酸盐结合态硒的最小值、25%处数据值、中位数、75%处数据值和最大值进行比较分析和差异性检验。结果表明:采用碳酸氢钠和磷酸二氢钾提取菜地土壤有效硒的平均含量均约为0.039mg/kg,高于硝酸和盐酸的提取量;采用碳酸氢钠、磷酸二氢钾、硝酸和盐酸提取果园土壤有效硒的含量依次降低。两种土壤中,磷酸二氢钾浸提有效硒的最小值、25%处数据值、中位数、75%处数据值和最大值与水溶态+离子交换态+碳酸盐结合态硒的含量最为接近,而且无显著差异性。研究认为,0.1mol/L磷酸二氢钾适合作为天津果园和菜地土壤有效硒的浸提剂。     

含钾岩石微生物转化的分子机制及其碳汇效应

岩石矿物的微生物风化是地球表层系统最为活跃和普遍发生的地质营力之一。微生物对含钾岩石(以硅酸盐矿物为主)的风化能够释放其中的钾、硅和钙等元素,并在合适的环境条件下促进矿物元素的碳酸化沉淀,这是地表元素地球化学循环的重要环节之一。微生物对岩石的生物转化作用既涉及微生物的生长繁殖和代谢调控,也与元素的迁移转化和次生矿物的演化序列有关,具有重要研究价值。采用矿物学、微生物学和分子生物学等相结合的研究方法,有助于系统地研究微生物促进含钾硅酸盐矿物的风化并耦联碳酸化过程及其分子调控机制。研究证实,在纯培养条件下,微生物风化含钾矿物主要采用酸解、螯合、氧化还原等多种方式的协同作用,并可通过调控相关功能基因的表达来响应缺钾的环境以实现其对含钾矿物的有效风化,显然这有赖于微生物通过长期进化而形成的精细的分子调控机制。在土壤生态环境中,微生物对矿物风化的显著特征是该生态环境中微生物群落协同互作的群体作用效应。微生物碳酸酐酶参与的硅酸盐矿物风化伴随碳酸盐矿物的形成过程可能是个长期被忽视的地表碳增汇过程,对该问题的深入探索有助于进一步理解地质演化历史中微生物对碳素迁移转化的驱动机制。加入含钾硅酸盐矿粉的有机肥已经显示出其在土壤改良、作物生长和增加土壤碳汇等方面的正面应用效果,这为利用硅酸盐矿物的生物风化作用来延缓大气CO₂浓度的持续升高提供了新的思路。介绍了有关微生物对含钾岩石生物转化释放钾素的分子机理及其碳汇效应方面的研究进展,以期抛砖引玉,推动该领域研究的快速发展。     

确山县大金山含钾岩石矿床地质特征及工业利用

确山县大金山含钾岩石矿床位于华北地台南缘东端 ,属沉积—变质型非金属矿床 ,含钾岩层赋存于中元古界汝阳群中 ,初步探明矿石储量 389 6万t。本文阐述了矿床地质特征、生产钾镁肥的工艺试验及开发利用前景 ,为相关厂家生 (转 )产钾镁肥提供了生产依据     

钙激活钾通道在中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis) 血淋巴细胞免疫中的作用研究

采用膜片钳技术解析了中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞表达的大电导钙激活钾通道(BKca),研究了中华绒螯蟹BKca对血淋巴细胞吞噬和杀菌作用的影响,并探讨了其机制.结果表明,当Ca2+浓度在0.3-3.0μmol/L范围时,中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞表达的钙激活钾通道的开放表现出明显的钙依赖活性;培养液中游离Ca2+的添加显著增强了血淋巴细胞的杀菌能力和呼吸爆发活性,但对其吞噬率和吞噬指数的影响不显著;在6mmol/L[Ca2+]浓度条件下,加入不同浓度的Kca阻断剂四乙胺(Tetraethylammonium,TEA)后,血淋巴细胞的杀菌能力和呼吸爆发活性均显著降低,但其吞噬率和吞噬指数并未受到影响.这提示钙激活钾通道可能通过间接调节细胞内的钙离子浓度而在血淋巴细胞杀菌过程中发挥重要作用.