Study on water saturation computation models in complex pore volcanic reservoir

Determination of water saturation is important for reservoir evaluation.When complex pore structures such as fracture and cavity are present in reservoir,Archie equation is no longer suitable.According to different models of pore structure division,the authors studied water saturation computation models.The results show that dual porosity system is divided into four models.The first model is based on dual laterolog,the second is Dual Porosity Ⅰ,the third is Dual Porosity Ⅱ,and the last one is based on the conductive pore.Besides,the triple porosity system is triple porosity model.Compute water saturation was using all the above five models in volcanic reservoir in Songnan gas field.The triple porosity system is the most suitable model for water saturation computation in complex pore structure volcanic reservoir.     

对辽宁白云金矿床地质特征及深部找矿的新认识

白云金矿区总体构造为东西走向的线性褶皱构造,金矿体受东西向展布的脆-韧性剪切带控制.辽河群地层是矿源层,矿体赋存于辽河群大石桥组三段及盖县组地层和燕山期的岩脉中,矿化对岩石无明显选择性,矿床具有明显的韧性剪切带特征.硅、钾蚀变带加上黄铁矿化是寻找金矿的最显著标志.深部矿化连续,具较好的找矿前景.提出了深部勘探工作方向和建议.     

The Pelona–Orocopia–Rand and related schists of southern California: a review of the best-known archive of shallow subduction on the planet

ABSTRACT

The Pelona–Orocopia–Rand and related schists of southern California are an archetypal example of an exhumed shallow subduction complex. ‘The schist’ comprises mainly trench materials underthust beneath continental arc rocks during Late Cretaceous–early Cenozoic collision of one or more oceanic plateaux with southern California. The arc-on-trench relationship, without intervening mantle or lowermost crust, implies that significant subduction erosion accompanied shallow subduction. Upsection increases in metamorphic grade (~150 ± 100°C/km) and spatial variations in age and peak temperature provide an ~50 million year long record of tectonic underplating within a cooling system. Evidence for palaeoseismic events in earliest formed and hottest (locally transitional granulite grade) schists provides a possible field-based record of episodic tremor and slow slip events such as detected in several modern shallow subduction zones. Structural ascent of the schist was achieved in distinct Late Cretaceous–early Eocene and late Oligocene–early Miocene extensional pulses, the first during collapse of gravitationally unstable upper plate assemblages and accompanied by trench-directed (top-NE) lower plate extrusion and the second corresponding temporally, spatially, and in character with core complex formation in the SW United States. The line between schist and core complex belts is blurred by the recent discovery of schist within 40 km of the nearest core complex and containing synkinematic Miocene intrusions, a hallmark of SW U.S. core complexes. The history of schist assembly, metamorphism, and exhumation provides the most complete field-based record of thermo-mechanical processes, subduction erosion and tectonic underplating in particular, that operated during a shallow subduction event. Future cross-disciplinary investigations of, and comparisons between, the schist and other possible ancient (e.g. Swakane gneiss, Sanbagawa belt, Qiangtang terrane) and modern (e.g. Cascadia, SW Japan, central Mexico, Chile) shallow subduction zones will yield new insights into the tectonic and petrologic processes that operate within such systems.     

赞皇地区～2.5Ga A型花岗岩的成因及构造背景:以黄岔岩体为例

位于华北克拉通中部的赞皇杂岩中保留有丰富的新太古代-古元古代岩石记录,是探究华北克拉通早期演化的重要地区之一。其中新太古代晚期TTG片麻岩和花岗岩的成因研究是探讨赞皇杂岩构造演化过程的关键。本文选择出露于河北省邢台市西部山区的黄岔花岗岩体进行研究。该岩体呈不规则的岩株产出,与周围地层主要呈构造接触关系,局部侵入于官都群石英岩中。岩体主要由片麻状、似斑状二长花岗岩组成,边缘相偶见细粒片麻岩包体,斑晶为长石和少量石英。LA-ICP-MS岩浆锆石的~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb加权平均年龄为2488±6Ma,代表岩体的形成时代。由于黄岔岩体侵入于官都群,根据该花岗岩的时代可以限定官都群地层时代为太古代,而非古元古代。但官都群与赞皇群的关系还需要进一步研究。黄岔岩体具有高硅(Si O2=72.64%~74.16%)、富钾(K_2O=3.53%~6.15%)、富碱(ALK=7.59%~9.07%)及铁(Fe_2O_3T=1.84%~3.03%),贫钙(CaO=0.67%~1.67%)、低钛(TiO_2=0.18%~0.28%)、低镁(MgO=0.31%~0.46%)的特征。岩石的稀土总量较高(ΣREE=364.2×10~(-6)~661.1×10~(-6)),轻重稀土元素分异较强烈((La/Yb)_N=18.7~29.8),并具有明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.23~0.33)。微量元素中,富Zr、Zn、Nb、Ga、Y,而贫Sr、V、Cr、Co、Ni等元素,Rb/Sr比值较高,介于0.73~2.72之间,平均1.96。岩石Ga/Al值(2.75×10-4~3.11×10-4)高,全岩Zr饱和温度为826~877℃,具有A型花岗岩特征。黄岔岩体锆石εHf(t)为0.96~6.2,单阶段和两阶段Hf模式年龄分别为2552~2746Ma和2576~2826Ma。黄岔岩体具有造山后A型花岗岩的特征,为2.7~2.5Ga的新太古代TTG片麻岩在造山后地壳拉张减薄初期的构造背景下部分熔融所形成。~2.5Ga的碱性花岗岩在华北不同地区分布,并形成于伸展的构造背景。该期碱性花岗岩的出现,标志华北克拉通在太古宙末期已经初步形成稳定的克拉通。     

藏南冈底斯岩基晚白垩世构造岩浆作用:以拉萨白堆复合岩体中-基性岩脉群为例

拉萨白堆复合岩体寄主为含包体的花岗闪长岩,并被一系列平行-近平行东西走向中-基性岩脉群穿插,总体形成类似"条纹码"般的构造形式。锆石U-Pb定年表明,这些基性岩脉主要形成于85~68Ma。同期中性和基性脉岩都表现出富集大离子亲石元素和LREE,亏损高场强元素,Sr同位素初始比值较低,但Nd同位素比值(εNd(t)+3.1)和锆石Hf同位素组成(εHf(t)+10.7)较高,都不具有Eu异常。与中性脉岩相比,基性脉岩具有(1)Mg O含量较高和较高的Mg#(50.6);(2)较高的Cr、Ni、Co含量;(3)较富集HREE且平坦分布。但中性脉岩Y含量较低,Sr/Y比值(38~72)较高,具有高Sr-低Y的特征;这些特征表明:这些岩浆岩的源区可能为受流体交代的岩石圈地幔。中-基性脉岩之间具有岩浆演化关系,在岩浆演化过程中以角闪石的分离结晶为主。结合文献数据,这些新数据表明冈底斯岩基的在晚白垩世(85~68Ma)经历了弧上伸展构造作用,岩浆作用持续活动,可能与新特提斯洋板片的北向斜俯冲相关。     

宜昌磷矿北部整装勘查项目深孔复杂地层钻探技术

宜昌磷矿北部整装勘查工程是湖北省大型磷矿资源勘查项目,由于地形复杂,工作量大,施工条件困难,钻孔深度达到1400 m,给钻探组织和施工带来更高的要求。本文就该项目的地质钻探工作进行简要总结,介绍了寒武系和震旦系地层中的钻探施工技术及应用效果。     

地质钻探孔内复杂情况和孔内事故种类梳理分析

近年来地质钻探孔内事故数量呈下降态势,但由于技术经济条件变化、地质钻探应用领域和范围扩大,钻孔深度增加,孔内复杂情况增多,一旦发生孔内事故,处理难度变大。应尽快对地质钻探孔内复杂情况和孔内事故种类进行梳理,制定地质钻探孔内事故预防和处理技术规程,推动孔内事故预防处理技术发展和规范化管理。地质钻探孔内复杂情况种类主要有钻孔漏失/涌水、钻孔弯曲、孔内温度异常、钻孔缩径/扩径、钻孔坍塌/阻滞、孔内沉渣、孔内异物和其他孔内异常等;地质钻探孔内事故种类主要有钻具事故、卡钻事故、埋钻事故、烧钻事故、套管事故、测井事故、取心事故和其他事故等。地质钻探与石油天然气钻井有着较大的工艺差异,孔内复杂情况和孔内事故种类亦与石油天然气钻井有所不同,不能完全照搬其种类划分,但应借鉴学习石油天然气钻井行业的井下事故预防处理先进技术和管理理念。     

天然气水合物试采对接井卡钻事故分析与处理

2016年,在青海木里盆地顺利完成了陆域天然气水合物试采工作,首次将对接井技术应用于天然气水合物试采,取得了显著的效果。钻井区域复杂地层给对接井钻井施工带来了极大的难度与风险,钻井过程中多次出现卡钻现象,本文主要介绍了天然气水合物试采对接井钻井过程中遇到的卡钻事故,并对主要卡钻原因进行了详细分析,给出了相应的解卡措施。     

Dating for Jifanggou metamorphic complex in central Jilin and its tectonic implications

Based on the results of four regional geological surveys of 1: 50000 including Shulan County map in Jilin,taking Shulan area as the study area,the authors re-delineated the rock type assemblages,e.g. metamorphic rhyolite,metamorphic tuffaceous breccia lava,sericite-quartz schist and tremolite altered rock,etc.,and the structural contacts between them. With the help of in-situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating for zircons,it is concluded that the zircon crystallization ages of the metamorphic rhyolite,the metamorphic andesitic tuff breccia lava and the tremolite altered rock are 339. 1 ± 1. 3 Ma( n = 27,MSWD = 0. 78),351. 8 ± 1. 7 Ma( n = 21,MSWD = 0.82),and 362.0±1.8 Ma( n = 43,MSWD = 2.2) respectively. The metamorphic complex is actually a set of tectonic melange which comprises the rocks in different types,sources,times,or tectonic settings,and was formed by tectonism.