A complex variable solution for stress and displacement field around a lined circular tunnel at great depth

By applying the series expansion technique in the complex variable method established by Muskhelishvili, the plane elasticity problem for the stress and displacement field around a lined circular tunnel in conjunction with the consideration of misfit and interaction between the liner and the surrounding geomaterial is dealt with. The tunnel is assumed to be driven in a homogeneous and isotropic geomaterial. The coefficients in the Laurent series expansion of the stress functions are determined. The complex potentials in the liner and the surrounding geomaterial are explicitly derived, respectively. As an example, the case of a lined circular tunnel located in an isotropic initial stress field but subjected to uniform internal pressure is numerically considered. Numerical results indicate that the installation of tunnel liner can reduce the influences of the tunnel excavation on the in situ displacement and stress fields. However, the relative thickness and rigidity of the liner should be in an appropriate range. In addition, the effect of the tunnel excavation upon the displacement field is more significant than that upon the stress field. As far as the stress field in the surrounding geomaterial is concerned, when the ratio between the cover depth of tunnel and the tunnel radius is larger than 5, the results for the stress field in the paper are applicable. When the ratio between the tunnel depth and the tunnel radius is larger than 20, the results are applicable for the displacement field. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

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桑托斯盆地L构造Aptian期火山喷发旋回特征与Itapema组介壳灰岩沉积

桑托斯盆地裂陷初期岩浆活动与储层发育关系密切。本文以盆地L区块火成岩-介壳灰岩复合体为研究对象,通过对火成岩岩石学、年代学测试及钻井、测井资料分析等,首次明确了桑托斯盆地裂陷初期岩浆活动特征及其对介壳灰岩沉积过程的控制,并指出介壳灰岩储层的分布特征。L区块内火成岩分属晚白垩世Santonian期—Campanian期和早白垩世Aptian两期岩浆活动产物,并以Aptian期为主,至少经历了7次不连续喷发和3次侵入过程,形成了块状玄武岩、杏仁状玄武岩和玻基斑状玄武岩(含再沉积玻基斑状玄武岩)等喷发相火成岩和以辉绿岩(局部属粗玄岩)、煌斑岩形式产出的侵入相火成岩。Aptian期岩浆多期活动重塑了古地貌,形成了局部构造凸起,促成并控制了下白垩统Itapema组至少6期介壳灰岩沉积,最终形成了～620 m厚火成岩-介壳灰岩复合体。介壳灰岩储层呈透镜体形状,以“散点式”不连续分布在Aptian期盆内古隆、古断阶(坡)等区域,横向连续性差,垂向连通性受限,其发育规模和质量受古地貌及水深条件等影响。     

河北矾山超钾质岩浆氧逸度及含水性特征的磷灰石地球化学记录

产于华北克拉通北缘的晚三叠世矾山超钾质碱性岩杂岩体主要由单斜辉石岩和辉石正长岩等组成,以发育内生磷灰石-磁铁矿矿床而闻名。本文选取矾山杂岩体中的磷灰石为研究对象,通过测试磷灰石的主微量元素及原位Sr-Nd同位素组成以探讨母岩浆的氧逸度及含水性特征。研究表明,矾山磷灰石以轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损为特征,显示出缺乏显著Ce异常的“右倾”的稀土配分型式,且具有较低的Ga含量及较高的δEu值,暗示杂岩体具有较高的岩浆氧逸度,这也得到了磷灰石Mn氧逸度计的支持。所有磷灰石以高Sr、低Y为特征,具有较高的Sr/Y(>30)和La/Yb(>90)比值,且Sr/Y与La/Yb存在明显的正相关关系,表明矾山超钾质岩浆具有较高的含水量。矾山磷灰石的原位Sr-Nd同位素投点位于地幔序列,明显偏离地壳趋势。母岩浆的“氧化且富水”特征是矾山杂岩体得以发生磷灰石-磁铁矿矿化的重要因素,其主要与板片俯冲过程中蚀变洋壳对岩石圈地幔的交代作用有关。通过对比矾山杂岩体与全球范围内其他地质环境中磷灰石的成分数据,发现具有“高Sr、低F、少Cl”特征的磷灰石可作为识别超钾质碱性岩杂岩体(及其相关金属矿床)的...     

Classification of Complex Reservoirs in Superimposed Basins of Western China

<正>Many of the sedimentary basins in western China were formed through the superposition and compounding of at least two previously developed sedimentary basins and in general they can be termed as complex superimposed basins.The distinct differences between these basins and monotype basins are their discontinuous stratigraphic sedimentation,stratigraphic structure and stratigraphic stress-strain action over geological history.Based on the correlation of chronological age on structural sections,superimposed basins can be divided into five types in this study:(1) continuous sedimentation type superimposed basins,(2) middle and late stratigraphic superimposed basins,(3) early and late stratigraphic superimposed basins,(4) early and middle stratigraphic superimposed basins,and(5) long-term exposed superimposed basins.Multiple source-reservoir-caprock assemblages have developed in such basins.In addition,multi-stage hydrocarbon generation and expulsion,multiple sources,polycyclic hydrocarbon accumulation and multiple-type hydrocarbon reservoirs adjustment,reformation and destruction have occurred in these basins.The complex reservoirs that have been discovered widely in the superimposed basins to date have remarkably different geologic features from primary reservoirs,and the root causes of this are folding,denudation and the fracture effect caused by multiphase tectonic events in the superimposed basins as well as associated seepage,diffusion,spilling,oxidation,degradation and cracking.Based on their genesis characteristics,complex reservoirs are divided into five categories:(1) primary reservoirs,(2) trap adjustment type reservoirs,(3) component variant reservoirs,(4) phase conversion type reservoirs and (5) scale-reformed reservoirs.     

安徽祁门东源白钨矿区复杂地层钻探技术

针对东源大型白钨矿区地层、及构造特点,合理选择钻进规程参数及钻头;对破碎、裂隙漏失及断层泥等钻进难点问题,采用综合治理措施,取得了较好的施工效果。     

庐枞火山盆地深部岩石与成矿过程

黄铁矿-硬石膏-磁铁矿矿石为典型矿石的金属矿床产于长江中下游中生代火山盆地,庐枞火山岩盆地。丰富的铁矿和黄铁矿床,主要分布在火山岩和潜火山岩里,同时也分布于盆地周边。火山岩石主要是钾玄岩-粗安岩-粗面岩组合。在深部,与它们的成分对应的岩浆岩石是碱性辉长岩-辉石二长岩-正长岩组合,如缺口辉长岩,杨山地区的辉石正长岩。火山岩和深部的辉长岩-二长岩-正长岩都经历了多次水热活动。黄铁矿-硬石膏-磁铁矿矿床主要伴随两套蚀变,即,火山岩石的大面积深色蚀变(硬石膏-辉石-长石蚀变岩)和浅色蚀变(硅化泥化)。在二长-正长岩与火山岩石的接触带,有强烈的类云英岩石(电气石-石英-云母组合)。在缺口辉长岩里,曾经发现大量磁铁矿脉(磁铁矿-方柱石-方钠石-石榴石组合)。在杨山和马口地区,正长岩里的铁矿是辉石钾长石磁铁矿组合及阳起石-磷灰石-磁铁矿组合。二长-正长岩体在盆地里广泛分布,在大范围内是几乎是层状的。调查研究表明:火山盆地底部辉长岩-二长岩-正长岩组合与铁矿有关。盆地里深部岩石和成矿作用存在有垂直分布特性。上面是喷发岩石,及潜火山岩石,下面是深部的碱性辉长岩-二长岩-正长岩杂岩体。中间有过渡带,岩墙岩席带。上面是与钾玄岩-粗安岩层和潜火山岩石里赋存的磁铁矿和黄铁矿床,下面有产于碱性辉长岩-二长岩-正长岩里也有铁矿化。蚀变岩石地质年代的初步研究发现:罗河铁矿的深部钠长石化岩石,与马口铁矿附近的正长岩石的地质年代接近(110～119Ma)。事实说明,在火山岩和潜水火山岩石里成矿作用和深部岩浆岩里成矿作用可能是同时发生的。20～435℃条件下正长岩石与水的反应动力学实验表明,在400℃左右时正长岩最容易被溶解。正长岩与水反应后,也会形成一个携带金属的流体。水岩相互作用实验提供了认识深部岩石性质的依据,有利于理解对深部的地球物理探测结果。     

湘东北临湘地区钾质煌斑岩~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar定年及其地球化学特征

对出露于湘东北临湘地区的煌斑岩脉群进行了同位素年龄测定及岩石地球化学分析。研究表明,煌斑岩的全岩40Ar-39Ar年龄为(119.5±2.2)Ma,形成于早白垩世。岩石地球化学方面,岩石属碱性系列、钾质—超钾质煌斑岩;富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和高场强元素(HFSE);稀土元素分配模式为相似的右倾轻稀土富集型;具有较小的TDMⅡ值(1.5Ga)和较低的εNd(t)(-7.3)。上述特征暗示煌斑岩物质来源于异常(交代富集)地幔,形成于后造山陆内拉张减薄的构造环境。     

钠土泥浆在构造破碎带型复杂地层钻进中的应用

应用钠土泥浆,解决了锡坑矿区复杂地层钻进中运用其它措施难以解决的塌、漏、掉等问题,保证了后续施工的钻孔质量,提高了钻进效率和经济效益。通过钠土泥浆与钙土泥浆及其它无固相冲洗液类比分析,得出了钠土泥浆在该矿区取得好成效的机理。针对赣南构造破碎带型复杂地层钻进中存在的问题,借鉴锡坑矿区的成功经验,提出应重视对钠土泥浆的研究和应用的建议。