埕岛油田复杂地形区地形变化趋势研究

位于1976年黄河口东侧的埕岛油田海底复杂地形区对海上石油开采、建立石油平台、铺设海底管线和电缆等造成了一定的困难和危害,通过1999年和2003年两次多波束测量资料对比,分析和研究了埕岛油田复杂地形区的地形变化趋势,为在该海域进行海上平台建设、海底管线和电缆的铺设提供决策依据。     

Characterization of complex groundwater flows in the environment of singular buildings by combining hydrogeological and non-destructive geophysical (ground-penetrating radar) techniques: Punta Begoña Galleries (Getxo,Spain)

Locating and quantifying groundwater flow in many built-up areas are a priority with regard to its complete restoration. In this work, a hydrogeological survey of the surroundings of the Punta Begoña Galleries (Getxo, Bizkaia), built on a coastal cliff, was completed by using ground penetrating radar (GPR) testing. Thus, the preliminary characterization of soils and rocks in accessible areas of the cliff was first improved by hydrogeological information gathered from a single survey borehole, including permeability measurements by low pressure injection tests (LPTs) and continuous water level monitoring. As a complementary method, the non-destructive GPR technique was performed during both dry and wet hydrological periods and in tandem with the injection tests, providing more complete spatial and temporal images of water flows. Specifically, GPR allows mapping of flow paths in soils and assessing the continuity of fractures in rock masses. Altogether, this complementary approach provides greater knowledge of complex underground flow dynamics in built environments, thus making it easier to make decisions for their management.     

非线性视角下的上海旅游地复杂系统演化过程及动力学特征

随着旅游地发展复杂性的增加,非线性研究方法成为旅游地演化研究的有效选择。以上海为案例地,运用水平可视图算法,将旅游需求作为旅游地复杂系统动态行为表征,探讨旅游地复杂系统演化过程及动力学特征。研究发现：旅游地复杂系统演化具有小世界和近似无标度网络特性,混沌动态行为特征,表现为混沌确定非线性动力系统;上海旅游地复杂系统演化处于“无序中的有序”混沌或混沌边缘,原有秩序已瓦解,系统新的属性和结构逐渐涌现,有待新的高级有序态生成;旅游地复杂系统遵循“有序—混沌（边缘）—涌现—新有序”,从低级有序向高级有序演化跃升的过程;外部环境和主体系统主导下的重要事件是旅游地复杂系统由低级有序向高级有序演化的“关键要素”,政府学习创新能力的提升对系统阶段性演进起到“推进器”作用,旅游企业开始显现主导地位,成为未来推动上海旅游地复杂系统演替发展的主导力量。上海国际入境旅游客源国（日、韩、新、德、英、法、加、澳）和国内旅游外地游客市场处于不稳定的混沌区域,是影响上海旅游地复杂系统混沌行为的重要因素,应进行混沌控制,加强管理和引导,促进上海旅游地复杂系统新演化阶段有序态的生成。     

“冰上丝绸之路”沿线国家贸易网络结构特征分析

“冰上丝绸之路”倡议为沿线国家贸易发展提供了机遇,可加速经济要素跨国流动,促进全球贸易的可持续发展。基于2019年37个“冰上丝绸之路”沿线国家贸易数据,运用复杂网络分析方法,研究37个“冰上丝绸之路”沿线国家贸易网络的拓扑结构特征、贸易社团及节点中心性的地理空间分布特征。结果表明：1）贸易网络具有良好的互通性和扩散性,且具有小世界特征和无标度性质,两极分化较为显著;2）贸易网络呈现出明显的“核心—边缘”圈层结构特征,德国、中国、美国、荷兰处于核心圈层,是贸易网络的枢纽;3）贸易网络可划分为1个北美社团、1个以东亚国家为主的社团和3个以欧洲国家为主的社团,其空间分布表现出连续性特征,各社团内部贸易联系密切,中国是所属社团的核心;4）贸易网络呈现出枢纽辐射式和全连通式共存的结构,强度中心性呈嵌入式的单元格局,接近中心性呈集中连片区块状分布特征,中介中心性的极化现象较为明显。     

结合双树复小波变换的四阶偏微分影像去噪方法

针对低阶偏微分方程去噪模型通常会使图像的灰度趋于分段常量而产生阶梯效应的问题,结合小波多尺度分解在图像处理中的应用,提出一种结合双树复小波变换(DT-CWT)的四阶偏微分方程(PDE)影像去噪模型。首先采用DT-CWT对噪声影像进行多尺度分解,保留分解后的低频分量不变,其他层复高频分量采用四阶PDE去噪模型去噪,然后重构相应层的高、低频分量,得到最终去噪后影像。对不同噪声强度下的ZY-3卫星影像去噪实验的结果表明,采用本文方法去除遥感影像噪声相比现有方法得到的去噪结果信噪比平均提高了1~2 d B,提高了去噪影像的结构相似度,在有效去除影像高斯噪声的同时能够较好地保留图像细节信息。     

复杂区域对象拓扑关系分解与计算

本文提出了基于9交矩阵的拓扑关系计算方法,将复杂区域分解有限个简单区域,采用正则表达式描述其多部分和洞构成,通过定义两个9交关系矩阵操作算子,利用分解区域间的拓扑关系直接计算复杂区域间的9交关系矩阵。详细证明和分析了两个操作算子的不成立条件以及消除不成立条件的方法。结合关系矩阵表法拓扑关系的推导和推理过程,操作算子可用于推导已知结构复杂区域间的所有可能9交拓扑关系。同时,9交关系矩阵操作算子依赖复杂区域的定义,不适用于所有区域对象。     

城市轨道交通对土地利用变化的时空效应

定量分析轨道交通对城市内部精细土地利用复杂变化影响的时空效应,对于预测未来新建站点对土地利用的影响以及规划方案的调整与优化具有重要的指导意义。本文提出结合历史高分遥感影像与POI数据获取多时间节点精细土地利用信息的方法,并以广州市二号和八号地铁线为例,结合逐步回归模型与站点用地功能分类,从时间和空间两个维度定量研究地铁对土地利用转变的复杂影响过程与空间差异规律。结果表明,轨道交通促使站点周边低密度居住用地向商业用地、高密度居住用地等高效益土地利用方式的转变;轨道交通在规划、建设、运营不同阶段对于周边土地利用的影响呈现显著的差异规律;地铁站点对土地利用变化影响规律具有明显的空间异质性特征,与站点在城市里的位置以及站点周边的土地利用有关,对城市中心区域的影响较小,对郊区的影响主要与可用的非建设用地面积相关,而工业用地对土地利用变化具有限制作用;轨道交通还带来用地功能和性质的转变,这样的转变大多发生在地铁站点开通运营的时间点。     

Research on the Development Status and Strategy of Productive Rooftop Gardens on Commercial Complexes

The introduction of productive gardens on public building roofs is an active way to use urban idle space. It has ecological, economic, and social values and helps alleviate many urban problems caused by the rapid advancement of land urbanization. This paper takes the productive rooftop garden of an urban commercial complex as an example, and assesses its development status based on methods including ArcGIS, field research, and questionnaire interviews, combined with the overall aspects of the country and key case analysis. The results indicate several key aspects of the current status of such gardens in China. (1) As affected by natural and social factors, the current spatial distribution of productive rooftop gardens of commercial complexes in Chinese mainland is uneven, with 84.21% located in the southeast coast and the Sichuan region. (2) The operation and development of this type of productive landscape is in good shape. The number of rooftop gardens has continued to increase since 2013, and the scale is generally greater. Currently, the business model which combines nature education and parent-child amusement experience activities is the most stable. (3) Cases in good operating condition tend to have relatively related characteristics in layouts, traffic functions, landscape elements, and space design. (4) Questionnaire interviews show that citizens are highly willing to participate in rooftop productive landscapes, while operators still experience challenges in policies, funds, and planting knowledge in practice. This paper analyses the existing problems in the development status and strategy of the rooftop productive landscape. It proposes complementary optimization strategies to serve as a reference for the rooftop design of commercial complexes and the utilization of a significant amount of idle space on the roofs.     

Navigating the Complex Trade-Offs of Pesticide Use on Santa Cruz Island,Galapagos

Pesticide use by farmers on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos—a perceived adaptation to changing ecological and economic dynamics—has the potential to lead to environmental degradation in an area that is known and valued worldwide for its biodiversity. We survey Santa Cruz farmers to understand motivations for and concerns about pesticide use on the island. Results from farmer surveys are supplemented with interview data to develop the case study of pesticide use on Santa Cruz Island. We then apply a “complex trade-off” framework to explore and navigate the tensions between conservation and livelihoods. We conclude by elaborating the implementation of a participatory certification system, the Participatory Guarantee System, as a possible path for reconciling trade-offs in Santa Cruz, Galapagos.     

Episodic fluid flow as a trigger for Miocene‐Pliocene slope instability on the Utgard High,Norwegian Sea

Mass wasting is triggered on many continental slopes by a number of mechanisms, including seismic shaking, high sedimentation rates, the presence of weak geological units and gas hydrate dissociation. In this study, the morphology of a Late Miocene–Early Pliocene mass‐transport complex (MTC) on the Utgard High is unravelled and discussed in relation to possible trigger mechanisms. The approach used here includes 3D seismic interpretation and the analysis of variance attribute maps. The interpreted MTC is located on the crest and flanks of the Utgard High and is composed of three mass‐transport deposits with seismic characters varying from transparent and chaotic seismic facies at the base to slightly deformed layers composed of mounds and rafted blocks in the middle and chaotic to transparent reflections at the top. Lithologically, the MTC consists predominantly of claystone with high gamma ray and low density and resistivity values, demonstrating that the associated mounds represent remobilized ooze sediments. A vertical stack of six magmatic sills emplaced from 55.6 to 56.3 Ma into the Upper Cretaceous shales is interpreted at depths of 3,000–5,500 ms two‐way travel time (TWTT). In association with these magmatic sills are several hydrothermal vent complexes that interacted with the top MTC horizon, signifying that episodic and secondary fluid‐venting events might be the principal mechanism facilitating mass wasting in the study area. In addition, the remobilization of ooze sediments into mounds is hypothesized to be dependent on fluids and clayey layers. As a corollary of this work, the importance of relict and recurrent episodes of fluid flow in the Vøring Basin and their influence on the geotechnical integrity of the overburden and later mass wasting is established.