浅埋深、薄基岩、厚松散含水层下煤层综合机械化开采防治水技术应用

神东煤炭公司大柳塔矿12404工作面煤层埋深浅，上覆基岩薄、松散含水层厚，且地表有河流横过(工作面长度240m，推进度3900m，其中薄基岩富水段150m)，为了减少工作面搬家次数提高生产效益，采取了地面抽排水、井下泄放水及地面注浆固沙等有效的防治水措施，工作面安全通过了母河沟，该防治水方法的应用改变了以往类似情况进行留煤柱跳采的方法，取得了浅埋深薄基岩厚含水层下煤层综合机械化安全开采经验，比停产跳采节省搬家费用2400万元，获得了显著的经济效益。     

黄陵二号井煤层开采对水源地影响

黄陵二号井开采煤层能否引起上畛子及百药沟水源地破坏是一个重要的环境地质问题，倍受业内人士的关注，但目前观点仍不统一。依据地质勘探资料，运用水文地质学相关理论，在分析井田水文地质特征及直罗组上段隔水性能的基础上，通过导水裂隙带最大高度计算，得出了煤层开采对水源地无影响的结论，并提出了矿井建设期间应注意的事宜。     

福建永定龙川矿区构造特征及其演化过程

介 绍了 龙川 矿 区区 域 构造 地 质 背 景,总 结了 矿 区 构 造特 征 ,探讨 了 研 究 区构 造 的 演 化过 程 ,对龙 川 矿 区 勘探和开发 具有 指导意 义。     

江西省区域岩矿石物性数据统计特征

介绍以江西省全境和两个地层区为空间范围内的53741个岩矿石密度数据、12677个磁化率数据、12424个剩磁强度数据的岩石物性统计特征,供在江西省境内进行矿区物探工作时参考。     

模糊关联规则挖掘算法及其在异常检测中的应用

阐述了在入侵检测中应用模糊关联规则挖掘的方法,提出了对传统Apriori算法的改进。最后以网络流量分析为例,详细描述了在入侵检测中运用模糊关联规则挖掘的步骤,并以规则集相似度建立对入侵的响应机制。     

Minerogenic Theory of the Superlarge Lop Nur Potash Deposit, Xinjiang, China

Located in the eastern part of the Tarim basin, Xinjiang, the Lop Nur was an ultimate water catchment area of the Tarim basin during the Quaternary. Through nearly ten years of investigation and research, the authors have found a superlarge brine potash deposit in the Luobei subbasitv—a secondary basin of the Lop Nur depression. The deposit has been mined now. On that basis, the authors propose new theories on the genesis of the potash rock deposit. In the tectonic and geomorphologic contexts, the Tarim basin lies in a “high mountain-deep basin” environment. At the beginning of the Quaternary, influenced by the neotectonic movement, the Lop Nur evolved into a “deep basin” in the Tarim basin. At the end of the middle Pleistocene, neotectonic migration began to take place in the interior of the Lop Nur and a new secondary deep basin—the Luobei subbasin—formed gradually. Despite its small area, it is actually the deepest subbasin in the Lop Nur depression, where brines of the Lop Nur Salt Lake gather and evaporate, thus providing materials for the formation of a superlarge brine potash rock deposit. With respect to the phenomenon of brine concentration and change with deepening of the lake, the authors propose a model of “high mountain-deep basin” tectonic migration for potash concentration. In the sedimentological context, the honeycomb-shaped voids developed in glauberite rock in the subbasin are good space for potash-rich brine accumulation. Study indicates that the deposition of glauberite requires recharge of calcium-rich water.In the Tarim area the calcium-rich water might come from deep formation water or oilfield water, and the river water recharging the Lop Nur Salt Lake was rich in sulfate radicals and other components; in addition, the climate in the area was very dry and the brine evaporated steadily, thus resulting in deposition of substantial amount of glauberite, potash accumulation in intercrystal brine and final formation of the potash deposit. Generally, potash formation in a salt lake undergoes a three-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)→chlorides (halite etc.)”, but in the study area there only occurred a two-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)”. The authors call this new geological phenomenon the “two-stage potash formation” model. In conclusion, the superlarge Lop Nur potash deposit is the result of combined “high mountain-deep basin” tectonism and “two-stage potash formation”.     

Impacts of karst paleo-sinkholes on mining and environment in northern China

The karst paleo-sinkhole is a special geological structure widely found in the coal measures of northern China. Some paleo-sinkholes have high permeability and connectivity, making them excellent connectors between the karst aquifer and the coal seam. Consequently, during coal extraction disastrous water inrushes take place frequently, which cause severe loss not only in mine submersions and personnel casualties, but also in environmental quality. Locations and the geological and hydrogeological characteristics of paleo-sinkholes in northern China are presented. In-situ drilling and excavation results show that paleo-sinkholes have different hydrogeological behaviors in different regions and in different mines. Based on observed data, mining-induced strata failure in the seam floor is analyzed. The existence of paleo-sinkholes increases the floor strata failure zone. Numerical simulation then is adopted to model coal mining with the effects of both the paleo-sinkholes and the water pressure in the confined aquifer. Analyses of the simulation conclude that the paleo-sinkhole induces the increase in the strata failure and deformation. These make water inrushes more likely to happen.     

典型矿业城市的土壤重金属分布特征与复合污染评价——以“镍都”金昌市为例

通过对甘肃省金昌市(镍矿城市)建成区的土壤重金属调查研究,揭示了其重金属来源、污染现状及其环境风险。结果表明:当地主要矿产品Ni和Cu两种重金属的土壤污染最严重,与《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)的III级标准比较,样品Ni和Cu的超标率分别为70%和57%,污染面积分别为26 km2和24 km2;土壤As和Cd污染主要集中在矿冶区和尾砂库附近,居民区土壤污染程度低;土壤Cr污染出现在尾砂库和采矿区附近,污染面积为3 km2。在城区土壤中,Co、Cu、Cd、Pb与Zn的污染来源及空间分布具有相似特征,而土壤As污染与Ni污染特征相近。Nemero综合指数评价结果表明,高风险区域主要分布在东部矿冶区、北部尾砂库和西南角采矿区,城市居民区的土壤重金属污染水平较低。     

完善我国矿业立法应突出解决的几个问题

从中外矿业立法史的回顾入手,借鉴中外矿业立法经验,指出我国现行矿业立法的不足之处,进而提出了继承我国矿业立法成果的、与国际接轨的、适合我国国情的矿业权运作与管理的立法框架。就矿业权性质、与土地使用权的协调、矿业管理规范的完善进行了论述。