A novel computational approach for large deformation and post‐failure analyses of segmental retaining wall systems

Segmental retaining wall (SRW) systems are commonly used in geotechnical practice to stabilize cut and fill slopes. Because of their flexibility, these systems can tolerate minor movements and settlements without incurring damage or crack. Despite these advantages, very few numerical studies of large deformations and post‐failure behavior of SRW systems are found in the current literature. Traditional numerical methods, such as the finite element method, suffer from mesh entanglement, thus are unable to simulate large deformations and flexible behavior of retaining wall blocks in SRW systems. To overcome the above limitations, a novel computational framework based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was developed to simulate large deformations and post‐failure behavior of soils and retaining wall blocks in SRW systems. The proposed numerical framework is a hybrid continuum/discontinuum approach that can model soil as an elasto‐plastic material and retaining wall blocks as independent rigid bodies associated with both translational and rotational degrees of freedom. A new contact model is proposed within the SPH framework to simulate the interaction between the soil and the blocks and between the blocks. As an application of the proposed numerical method, a two‐dimensional simulation of an SRW collapse was simulated and compared to experimental results conducted under the same conditions. The results showed that the proposed computational approach provided satisfactory agreement with the experiment. This suggests that the new framework is a promising numerical approach to model SRW systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用残差统计检验评估区域GPS大地测量网解算方案

采用美国喷气推进实验室JPL发展的GIPSY软件解算区域GPS网，比较了固家精密星历和同时固定精密星历及卫星钟参数2种解算方案，残差统计检验表明前者的左中仍保留了部分未解出的信号而后者的残差接近于白噪声高斯分布，解算结果与ITRF96的比较和对重复率的统计表明，残差分布合理的解算较优，简单的线差统计检验的计算可提供重要的解算评估。     

Small macro‐benthic invertebrates influence the survival,growth and behaviour of juvenile green sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in the laboratory

Recent settlers of many marine benthic invertebrates are cryptic, which exposes them to a suite of animals that differs from those they may experience as adults, potentially resulting in interactions causing mortality and/or reducing growth. Previous field experiments have indicated that such is the case with small juvenile green sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis but which taxa are responsible for the mortality and reduced growth was not determined. A laboratory study was conducted to examine the effects of small macro‐benthic invertebrates, specifically chitons, scaleworms and larger juvenile conspecifics, as well as the full suite of cobble‐dwelling organisms, on the mortality, growth and behaviour of small (<3 mm) juvenile sea urchins. The likelihood of survival of small juvenile sea urchins was lower in the presence of larger juvenile sea urchins or with the full suite of cobble‐dwelling organisms than in the absence of animals. The small juvenile sea urchins survived and grew the best when they were with chitons and scaleworms. The behaviour of small sea urchins with the full suite of cobble‐dwelling organisms was more cryptic than the behaviour of urchins with scaleworms. This study indicates that interactions with the suite of small organisms living amongst cobbles can affect survival, growth and behaviour of small juvenile sea urchins, and that larger juvenile sea urchins can be a source of mortality for smaller conspecifics.     

旋挖成孔灌注桩后注浆工艺在成都京东方桩基工程中的应用

旋挖成孔灌注桩以其适用范围广、施工速度快等优点在工程领域中得到广泛应用,但也因其沉渣难以控制、在大直径卵石地区施工不便等因素使其发展受到制约。根据成都京东方桩基工程实例,首先分析了湿法作业下旋挖成孔灌注桩后注浆工艺的施工技术要点,进而对后注浆工艺的注浆量、注浆压力、泥浆用量进行总结,最后,对桩端沉渣控制、填方地段施工工艺等工程问题的处理提出建议措施。     

Parameter sensitivity of automated baseflow separation for snowmelt‐dominated watersheds and new filtering procedure for determining end of snowmelt period

Automation in baseflow separation procedures allowed fast and convenient baseflow and baseflow index (BF and BFI) estimation for studies including multiple watersheds and covering large spatio‐temporal scales. While most of the existing algorithms are developed and tested extensively for rainfall‐ and baseflow‐dominated systems, little attention is paid on their suitability for snowmelt‐dominated systems. Current publishing practice in regional‐scale studies is to omit BF and BFI uncertainty evaluation or sensitivity analysis. Instead, “standard” and “previously recommended” parameterizations are transferred from rainfall/BF to snowmelt‐dominated systems. We believe that this practice should be abandoned. First, we demonstrate explicitly that the three most popular heuristic automated BF separation methods—Lyne–Hollick and Eckhardt recursive digital filters, and the U.K. Institute of Hydrology smoothed minima method—produce a wide range of annual BF and BFI estimates due to parameter sensitivity during the annual snowmelt period. Then, we propose a solution for cases when BF and BFI calibration is not possible, namely excluding the snowmelt‐dominated period from the analysis. We developed an automated filtering procedure, which divides the hydrograph into pre‐snowbelt, post‐snowmelt, and snowmelt periods. The filter was tested successfully on 218 continuous water years of daily streamflow data for four snowmelt‐dominated headwater watersheds located in Wyoming (60–837 km²). The post‐snowmelt BF and BFI metric can be used for characterizing summer low‐flows for snowmelt‐dominated systems. Our results show that post‐snowmelt BF and BFI sensitivity to filter parameterization is reduced compared with the sensitivity of annual BF and BFI and is similar to the sensitivity levels for rainfall/baseflow systems.     

古亚洲洋东段洋盆闭合与后造山伸展——来自内蒙古苏尼特右旗中三叠世A型花岗岩的证据

内蒙古苏尼特右旗查干楚鲁A型二长花岗岩位于索伦-林西缝合带内,侵位于早二叠世哈冷岭SSZ型蛇绿构造混杂岩(带)中。本文对其进行系统的野外地质特征、岩石学、地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,旨在厘定岩体成因和形成的构造背景,为古亚洲洋东段洋盆闭合时限提供证据。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示查干楚鲁二长花岗岩侵位于中三叠世(245.9±1.3 Ma);岩体含较多碱性长石,暗色矿物以黑云母为主,见晶洞构造;地球化学研究显示,该岩体高硅(SiO₂=76.75%～77.18%)、富碱(Na₂O+K₂O=8.19%～8.62%),贫钙(CaO=0.40%～0.44%)和镁(MgO=0.03%～0.05%);负Eu异常显著(δEu=0.03～0.09), Rb、Th、U、K、Ga元素较富集,而Ba、Sr、P、Ti元素相对亏损,且10 000 Ga/Al(2.72～3.52)、~TFeO/MgO(29.16～57.82)、(Na₂O+K₂O)/CaO(15.08～21.39)值较高...     

气象部门人事管理岗位培训需求研究

干部教育培训是干部队伍建设的先导性、基础性、战略性工程。加强气象部门人事管理岗位培训需求研究,对于提高气象部门组织人事工作水平具有重要意义。文章引入气象培训需求分析模型,从战略和组织分析、任务分析、人员分析、人口统计分析和区域差异分析五个方面进行培训需求分析,探索建立了气象部门人事管理岗位培训需求要素体系,为培训提供相关建议。     

长距离输油管线震后功能状态分析

分析了长距离输油管线工程的震害特点，给出了长距离输油管线工程震后功能状态分级划分标准。在管道、储油罐抗震分析的基础上，建立了一种长输管线工程震后功能状态分析方法，并进行了算例分析。     

抗拔桩后注浆技术及其应用

介绍了抗拔桩后注浆技术的基本原理、实施方法、效果分析及承载力计算模式。通过工程实例说明抗拔桩后注浆技术能提高单桩抗拔承载力,降低施工难度和改善成桩质量,缩短工期,节省工程造价。