The new potential invader Linopherus canariensis (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) in a Mediterranean coastal lake: colonization dynamics and morphological remarks

The newly introduced polychaete Linopherus canariensis Langerhans, 1881 was found in the Lake of Faro (NE Sicily), during a study comparing the macrobenthos in artificial modules with a neighboring sandy bottom assemblage. Of a total of 4465 specimens, almost 6% showed morphological variation related to branchial turfs and mean body size. The sandy bottom exhibited an average density of 41.86 ind L⁻¹ and a wet biomass of 30.35 mg L⁻¹, whereas the artificial substratum reached levels of 205.29 ind L⁻¹ and 318.44 mg L⁻¹. The highest estimated immigration rate was 3.7 ind L⁻¹ d⁻¹ (5.8 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹). In the artificial microhabitat, 0.4% of the population showed mid-anterior fragmentation, with anterior- (2%), mid- (<1%) and posterior- (1%) regenerating lineages, which contributed significantly to the dispersion ability of this species. L. canariensis was a selective micro-deposit feeder, even under conditions of reduced sediments. Linopherus was found to be a new potential invader of stressed environments that is probably tied to the import of oysters.     

Hillslope response to knickpoint migration in the Southern Appalachians: implications for the evolution of post‐orogenic landscapes

The southern Appalachians represent a landscape characterized by locally high topographic relief, steep slopes, and frequent mass movement in the absence of significant tectonic forcing for at least the last 200 Ma. The fundamental processes responsible for landscape evolution in a post‐orogenic landscape remain enigmatic. The non‐glaciated Cullasaja River basin of south‐western North Carolina, with uniform lithology, frequent debris flows, and the availability of high‐resolution airborne lidar DEMs, is an ideal natural setting to study landscape evolution in a post‐orogenic landscape through the lens of hillslope–channel coupling. This investigation is limited to channels with upslope contributing areas >2.7 km², a conservative estimate of the transition from fluvial to debris‐flow dominated channel processes. Values of normalized hypsometry, hypsometric integral, and mean slope vs elevation are used for 14 tributary basins and the Cullasaja basin as a whole to characterize landscape evolution following upstream knickpoint migration. Results highlight the existence of a transient spatial relationship between knickpoints present along the fluvial network of the Cullasaja basin and adjacent hillslopes. Metrics of topography (relief, slope gradient) and hillslope activity (landslide frequency) exhibit significant downstream increases below the current position of major knickpoints. The transient effect of knickpoint‐driven channel incision on basin hillslopes is captured by measuring the relief, mean slope steepness, and mass movement frequency of tributary basins and comparing these results with the distance from major knickpoints along the Cullasaja River. A conceptual model of area–elevation and slope distributions is presented that may be representative of post‐orogenic landscape evolution in analogous geologic settings. Importantly, the model explains how knickpoint migration and channel–hillslope coupling is an important factor in tectonically‐inactive (i.e. post‐orogenic) orogens for the maintenance of significant relief, steep slopes, and weathering‐limited hillslopes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Late Pleistocene and Holocene cool‐water carbonates of the Western Mediterranean Sea

Post‐glacial, neritic cool‐water carbonates of the Western Mediterranean Sea were examined by means of hydroacoustic data, sediment surface sampling and vibrocoring to unravel geometries and to reconstruct sedimentary evolution in response to the last sea‐level rise. The analysed areas, located on the Alboran Ridge, in the Bay of Oran, and at the southern shelf of the island of Mallorca, are microtidal and bathed by oligotrophic to weakly mesotrophic waters. Seasonal water temperature varies between 13 °C and 27 °C. Echosounder profiles show that the Bay of Oran and the southern shelf of Mallorca are distally steepened ramps, while the Alboran Ridge forms a steep‐flanked rugged plateau around the Alboran Island. In the three areas, an up to 10 m thick post‐glacial sediment cover overlies an unconformity. In Oran and Mallorca, stacked lowstand wedges occur in water depths of 120 to 130 m. On the Alboran Ridge and in the Bay of Oran, highstand wedges occur at 35 to 40 m. Up to 5 m long cores of upper Pleistocene to Holocene successions were recovered in water depths between 40 and 81 m. Deposits contain more than 80% carbonate, with mixed carbonate‐volcaniclastics in the lower part of some cores in Alboran. The carbonates consist of up to 53% of aragonite and up to 83% of high magnesium calcite. Radiocarbon dating of bivalve shells, coralline algae and serpulid tubes indicates that deposits are as old as 12 400 cal yr bp . The carbonate factories in the three areas are dominated mostly by red algae, but some intervals in the cores are richer in bivalves. A facies rich in the gastropod Turritella, reflecting elevated surface productivity, is restricted to the Mallorca Shelf. Rhodoliths occur at the sediment surface in most areas at water depths shallower than 70 m; they form a 10 to 20 cm thick veneer overlying rhodolith‐poor bioclastic sediments which, nonetheless, contain abundant red algal debris. This rhodolith layer has been developing for the past 800 to 1000 years. Similar layers at different positions in the cores are interpreted as reflecting in situ growth of rhodoliths at times of reduced net sedimentation. Sedimentary successions in the cores record the post‐glacial sea‐level rise and the degree of sediment exposure to bottom currents. Deepening‐upward trends in the successions are either reflected by shallow to deep facies transitions or by a corresponding change of depth‐indicative red algae. There are only weak downcore variations of carbonate mineralogy, which indicate that no dissolution or high magnesium to low magnesium calcite neomorphism occurs in the shallow subsurface. These new data support the approach of using the Recent facies distribution for interpretation of past cool‐water, low‐energy, microtidal carbonate depositional systems. Hydroacoustic data show that previous Pleistocene transgressive and highstand inner ramp deposits and wedges were removed during sea‐level lowstands and accumulated downslope as stacked lowstand wedges; this suggests that, under conditions of high‐amplitude sea‐level fluctuations, the stratigraphic record of similar cool‐water carbonates may be biased.     

曹妃甸某大型工程钻孔灌注桩试桩施工及检测结果分析

曹妃甸某大型工程在工程桩施工前进行试桩,通过对后压浆钻孔灌注桩、三岔双向挤扩桩、支盘灌注桩3种试桩的竖向承载力试验、桩身内力试验、低应变检测、超声波检测及水平承载力试验等项目进行分析,检验成桩的可能性与可靠性,为工程桩桩型的选择及施工提供有效依据。     

垦利县土地整理开发工作要点探索

伴随经济社会的不断发展,土地需求逐步增加,土地供应日趋紧张,规范土地整理开发行为,科学指导土地整理开发工作意义重大。以位于黄河三角洲的垦利县为例,根据其土地利用特点,分析开发整理工作取得成效及存在问题,探索土地整理开发工作要点,为今后开发整理工作提供理论指导和借鉴。     

高家山生物群中的非矿化微生物假形化石：埃迪卡拉纪末期生物软躯体保存方式的新认识

陕西南部宁强地区的李家沟剖面灯影组高家山生物群产有大量磷酸盐化实体化石,包括各类管状化石、瓶状化石、疑难化石以及钙化蓝细菌等,类型丰富。近年来,随着研究的深入,微生物假形化石在该生物群中也被不断发现。由于微生物假形化石是生物死亡后腐解埋藏过程中生物体被微生物（球状和丝状蓝细菌）直接取代,因而原始生物体的结构形态得以完好保存。微生物可以通过改变环境中的物理化学条件使磷酸盐富集和快速堆积,对生物的非矿物组织包括软躯体的保存起到了很重要的作用。根据替代程度不同可以划分为完全替代类型和未完全替代类型。这一发现提供了高家山生物群中生物非矿化组织的另一种保存方式。微生物通过铸型完整复制了生物软躯体以及可能的胚胎形态特征,提供了对此时期软躯体保存的新认识。     

武汉某摩擦型灌注桩后注浆单桩竖向承载力试验研究

武汉市某项目典型二元结构地层,稳定砂层平均埋深约50 m,合理桩长范围内无较好持力层,灌注桩沉渣控制困难、成桩工效低。选择深度＞30 m的粉细砂夹粉质粘土层为桩端持力层,通过14根、2组不同桩径及桩长的试桩验证成桩工艺,对比2组试桩的承载特性,提出按规范经验参数取值的不足,以综合性价比和承载稳定性推选直径800 mm、桩长30 m的后注浆摩擦型灌注桩为工程桩参数,为桩基设计优化提供依据及类似工程提供参考。     

后压浆灌注桩在天津超高层建筑基础中的应用分析 张慧

阐述了后压浆技术补强灌注桩的基本原理,并以中海公园城项目为例,介绍后压浆灌注桩在天津软土地区超高层建筑基础中的实践应用,最后通过静荷载实测数据对比分析后压浆灌注桩在提高承载力和降低成本方面的优越性。     

浅谈CORS站观测墩高量测方法

目前,利用多基站网络RTK技术建立的连续运行卫星定位服务综合系统(Continuous Operational Reference System,缩写为CORS)已成为各省GPS应用的发展重点。CORS系统是卫星定位技术、计算机网络技术、数字通讯技术等高新科技多方位、深度的产物。观测墩高度的测量精度将直接影响CORS站系统高程精度,本文结合LNCORS站观测墩高测量方法及在准备阶段研究成果,阐述CORS站观测墩高测量方法及精度分析。     

新疆祁漫塔格维宝矿区西北部花岗闪长岩年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

维宝铜铅锌多金属矿床位于青海与新疆两省区交界处的若羌县境内,是近年来在新疆祁漫塔格地区新发现的具有大型远景规模的多金属矿床,本文对该矿床西北部含暗色包体花岗闪长岩开展了SIMS高精度锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学研究,结果表明该花岗闪长岩含有角闪石特征矿物,SiO2含量为60.74%~61.34%,K2O含量为3.01%~3.20%,A/CNK值为0.89~0.94,属于准铝质高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩;在球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素配分图上表现为右倾式,轻重稀土分馏明显,具有中等负Eu异常(δEu=0.56~0.59),微量元素以富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K和Th,明显亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、Ti等为特征。SIMS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,花岗闪长岩结晶年龄为227.6±2.3 Ma(n=16,MSWD=0.02),形成于晚三叠世,是东昆仑祁漫塔格地区中—晚三叠世大规模中酸性岩浆侵入作用的产物。借助元素判别图解,结合矿床地质特征和区域构造演化特点,认为维宝矿区西北部花岗闪长岩形成的构造环境为后碰撞演化阶段,很可能是与深部壳幔混染有关的变火成岩部分熔融的产物。