Geoinformatics education in China

The paper gives an overview of the current status of education in geoinformatics in China. First, the paper provides a brief introduction to the history of geoinformatics education in China and a general review of the scientific and technological development. It then presents how the development affects the education and training in China. In the paper, universities and institutes in China that can award academic degrees related to geoinformatics are summarized, and undergraduate majors are briefly introduced. Next, the paper reports the work having been done by the national expert group on Surveying and Mapping, including the revision of discipline catalog and guide for graduate education and requirements. A list of typical curricula in geoinformatics education is suggested. Activities on promoting the graduate student exchange platform are presented. Finally, a case study of geoinformatics education in Wuhan University is discussed.     

Mapping spiny aster infestations with QuickBird imagery

QuickBird satellite imagery acquired in June 2003 and September 2004 was evaluated for detecting the noxious weed spiny aster [Leucosyris spinosa (Benth.) Greene] on a south Texas, USA rangeland area. A subset of each of the satellite images representing a diversity of cover types was extracted and used as a study site. The satellite imagery had a spatial resolution of 2.8 m and contained 11-bit data. Unsupervised and supervised classification techniques were used to classify false colour composite (green, red, and near-infrared bands) images of the study site. Imagery acquired in June was superior to that obtained in September for distinguishing spiny aster infestations. This was attributed to differences in spiny aster phenology between the two dates. An unsupervised classification of the June image showed that spiny aster had producer's and user's accuracies of 90% and 93.1%, respectively, whereas a supervised classification of the June image had producer's and user's accuracies of 90% and 81.8%, respectively. These results indicate that high resolution satellite imagery coupled with image analysis techniques can be used successfully for detecting spiny aster infestations on rangelands.     

Generation and study of satellite gravity over Gujarat,India and their possible correlation with earthquake occurrences

High-resolution satellite gravity data have been generated and utilized to infer subsurface geological structures in the area of devastating earthquake that struck the Bhuj region in Gujarat on 26 January 2001. Latitudinal gravity profiles have been generated in the Bhuj, Anjar and IBF regions across the epicentres (23.5° N, 69.8° E/M_w 7.0 in 2001; 23.2° N, 70° E/M_w 7.0 in 1956; 24.2° N, 69.2° E/M_w 7.8 in 1819). Substantial differences in gravity anomaly patterns as high as 37 mGal could be observed existing near the epicentre regions. These gravitational differences might have caused due to the plate tectonic processes and due to the changes in densities of different lithospheric zones/sedimentary layers. Temporal variations of the satellite-derived gravity and their probable relations with already occurred major earthquakes in this region have been studied. Hence we conclude that drastic changes in gravity anomalies can be considered as a precursor for occurrences of substantially large earthquakes.     

面向服务的城乡规划辅助决策系统实现

城乡规划建设迫切需要信息化决策支持手段.文章从整体上详细地设计了城乡规划辅助决策系统的框架以及数据库:以GIS为核心,以ArcGIS Server为开发平台,采用Flex开发语言,设计并开发了城乡规划决策统一平台;基于面向服务的思想,在一体化集成框架的基础上,对城乡规划辅助决策系统数据库设计进行了论述,并对数据库设计中所涉及到的控制性详细规划的各类矢量地理空间数据进行了整合;初步实现了标准化的、统一的城乡规划辅助决策数据库.实验表明:该平台具有先进的网络服务特性、高度的集成性以及良好的移植性,为城市信息化管理辅助决策提供参考.     

一等水准点之记标准化与规范化研究

为保证一等水准点之记精度与质量,提高测绘人员野外工作效率,对目前的一等水准点之记进行了探讨与分析,指出了其详细位置图与点位,详细说明表达、标石断面图绘制和经纬度书写及交通路线描述中存在的缺点,并基于此提出了若干改进意见,这在一定程度上促进了一等水准点之记信息的标准化与规范化。     

基于GIS城市土地利用现状与潜力分析数据处理方法的探索

城市土地管理与规划的科学性,取决于对现势土地利用情况掌握的完整性,对土地潜力挖掘的合理性,对未来发展把握的前瞻性。随着现代测绘与GIS技术的发展,其快捷、精准、直观和强大的空间数据分析能力等数据服务优势为科学合理地掌握与开发土地资源提供了保障。笔者结合工作实践,从土地利用现状与潜力分析的需求出发,对获取科学可靠的土地基础数据的数据组织结构,数据处理方法进行了有效的探索。     

基于变形观测数据粗差探测与修复的小波变换法

研究小波变换在变形监测数据中探测与修复粗差的应用问题,实例分析证明：借助小波的多分辨率分析和数理统计的知识,能有效地探测出粗差,并通过对高频系数模极大值点的插值处理,结合小波重构等理论有效地修复粗差,为进一步进行变形分析与预报提供可靠保证。     

测绘项目电子档案管理

本文简要介绍了目前测绘生产单位电子档案管理的现状、特点,对完善测绘项目电子档案管理进行了分析、探讨,以便相关单位参考.     

无人机遥感技术在江苏海域和海岛动态监视监测中的应用研究

本文介绍了传统海域动态监视监测存在的问题,分析了无人机遥感系统在海域动态监视监测中的应用优势,提出将我省海域无人机在海域和海岛监视监测中应用解决方案,同时对该系统在海洋其他领域中的应用前景进行了展望.     

OGC服务规范在地理信息公共服务平台建设中的应用研究

简要介绍了OGC服务规范,归纳总结了多种常用的OGC服务的接口规范及各自特点,结合地理信息公共服务平台的若干建设原则分析阐述了OGC服务规范在地理信息公共服务平台中的应用模式,并以WMTS（网络地图分块服务）为例,通过与WMS（网络地图服务）的对比研究,论证了WMTS的优势.依据WMTS的接口规范,开发了基于Esri公司的ArcGIS API的应用平台,实现了利用开放地理信息服务—天地图WMTS作为数据源进行测试,验证了OGC服务规范在地理信息公共服务平台建设中的作用.