两个N－酰基神经鞘氨醇的分离和结构鉴定

从南海细枝竹节珊瑚Ｉｓｉｓｍｉｎｏｒｂｒａｃｈｌａｓｔａ及柔软肉芝软珊瑚Ｓａｒｃｏｐｈｙｔｏｎｍｏｌｌｅ中各分离得到一固体化合物Ⅰ与Ⅱ，经光谱数据分析及化学方法分析鉴定Ⅰ为一个含有三个双键的Ｎ－酰基神经鞘氨醇（首次是从柳珊瑚中分离得到的含多个不饱和键的Ｎ－酰基神经鞘氨醇）；Ⅱ为一个新的含有两个双键的Ｎ－酰基神经鞘氨醇。     

RTK GPS在超短基线声学定位系统安装校准中的应用

超短基线（uhra short base line,USBL）声学定位系统的换能器安装是具有一定方向性的,但是,在安装过程中,不能保证换能器方向与船艏方向严格一致,必然存在不可忽视的系统误差,影响了测量精度;因此,必须通过校准消除系统误差。本文应用高精度RTKGPS实现了换能器安装方向的校准,取得了满意的结果。     

南海冬季之西边界流：1998年2月的水文结构与体积输运

The unique survey in December 1998 mapped the entire western boundary area of the South China Sea(SCS),which reveals the three-dimensional structure and huge volume transport of the swift and narrow winter western boundary current of the SCS(SCSwwbc) in full scale. The current is found to flow all the way from the shelf edge off Hong Kong to the Sunda Shelf with a width around 100 km and a vertical scale of about 400 m. It appears to be the strongest off the Indo-China Peninsula, where its volume transport reached over 20×10~6 m~3/s. The current is weaker upstream in the northern SCS to the west of Hong Kong. A Kuroshio loop or detached eddy intruded through the Luzon Strait is observed farther east where the SCSwwbc no more exists. The results suggest that during the survey the SCSwwbc was fed primarily by the interior recirculation of the SCS rather than by the"branching" of the Kuroshio from the Luzon Strait as indicated by surface drifters, which is likely a near-surface phenomenon and only contributes a minor part to the total transport of the SCSwwbc. Several topics related to the SCSwwbc are also discussed.     

基于二分图的温度网络拓扑性质研究

利用中国地区435个台站1961—2002年逐日平均温度序列,将温度变化发生在9天时间尺度上的特征编码在网络中,通过研究二分图温度网络(BGT网络)中节点与项目的关系,揭示出9天时间尺度上温度变化的特征及其在空间上的拓扑统计性质.网络中各节点RRRD, RrDD, eeed, DRRD, DDRR等所代表的温度波动模态在网络中异常频发,对9天尺度温度变化的预报有一定的指导意义.统计网络的节点度分布,集群系数等拓扑结构特征量,发现BGT网络服从正态分布特征.BGT网络项目内节点度的多样性大体上     

Gene flow and demographic history of the mangrove crab Neosarmatium meinerti: A case study from the western Indian Ocean

Most marine organisms are characterized by at least one planktonic phase during their life history, potentially allowing interconnection of populations separated by several hundred kilometers. For many years, the idea that marine species are genetically homogenous throughout their range of distribution, due to passive larval transport, has been a paradigm. Nowadays, a growing number of studies underline the existence of boundaries in the marine realm and highlight how larval dispersal is a complex process depending on biotic as well as abiotic factors. Marine fragmented habitats, such as atolls, mangroves and estuaries, are optimal systems for investigating the marine dispersion process under a metapopulation approach, since populations can be geographically defined a priori as opposed to those occupying open marine environments. Within this frame, the present paper investigates the population genetic structure and the demographic history of the mangrove crab Neosarmatium meinerti within the western Indian Ocean by partial sequences of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I. A total of 167 specimens were sampled from six mangrove sites distributed along the East African coast, from Kenya to South Africa, also including a mangrove forest located on Mahé Island, Seychelles. A sharp genetic break between the mainland and the Seychelles is recorded, revealing the existence of two historically distinct groups that can be defined as independent evolutionary units. Gene flow along the East African coast appears to be high enough to form a single metapopulation, probably by means of stepping stone populations. Otherwise, this mainland metapopulation is currently under expansion through a gradual moving front from the subtropical toward the equatorial populations.     

基于神经网络的滑移隔震结构智能半主动控制

考虑上部结构的刚度和阻尼,使用神经网络控制算法计算基底摩擦力的大小,研究了滑移隔震结构的半主动控制。对计算实例的分析表明,通过半主动控制的滑移隔震结构不但具有较好的隔震效果,且能有效地减小基底的最大滑移量及残余位移。为对比各种控制方法的控制效果,文中还利用Bang-Bang控制和瞬时最优控制算法对滑移隔震结构进行了半主动控制。对比分析表明,基于神经网络控制算法的控制效果优于其它控制算法,具有反馈量少,稳健性强等特点。     

地球物理学及大地构造学中关于地壳均衡的新模型(英文)

讨论了一些有关地壳均衡概念的模型。业已证明 ,这些模型既不能用以正确评估地球的平衡状态 ,也不能用以解释构造成因。介绍一种新的地壳均衡模型 ,它与地球的某一种旋转方式相适应。地球体与球的偏差 ,被用来作为地球平衡的判据。地球被认为是在偏差趋近于零的那些点上得到平衡的。地球体与球体之间标志的差异 ,是由地球外壳中地质作用的方向所确定的。所提出的是大地地壳均衡模型 ,是地壳中构造形成新旋转假说的基础。     

Risk Assessment,Emergency Preparedness and Response to Hazards: The Case of the 1997 Red River Valley Flood,Canada

The prevention and/or mitigation offlood disasters requires continual research, numerouscapital investment decisions, and high-qualitymaintenance and modifications of flood-controlstructures. In addition, institutional and privatepreparedness is needed. The experience offlood-control in North America has shown mixedoutcomes: while flood frequency has declined duringthe last few decades, the economic losses havecontinued to rise. Recent catastrophic floods havealso been linked to major structural interventions inthe region. The flood diversions may cause harmfuleffects upon the floodplain inhabitants by influencingflood levels in areas which are not normallyflood-prone. The increasing vulnerability of thefloodplain inhabitants poses new challenges and raisesquestions concerning the existing risk assessmentmethods, institutional preparedness and responses todisaster-related public emergencies, and local-levelpublic involvement in flood mitigation efforts.In the context of the catastrophic 1997 floods of theRed River Valley, Manitoba, Canada, this researchfocuses on two aspects of flood-related emergencygovernance and management: (i) the functions andeffectiveness of control structures, and (ii) theroles, responsibilities and effectiveness oflegislative and other operational measures. The studyconcludes that the flood-loss mitigation measures,both in terms of effects of control structures andinstitutional interventions for emergency evacuation,were not fully effective for ensuring the well-beingand satisfaction of floodplain inhabitants. Althoughorganizational preparedness and mobilization to copewith the 1997 flood emergency was considerable, theirsuccess during the onset of the flood event waslimited. Lack of communication and understandingbetween institutions, a reluctance to implementup-to-date regulations, and minimal publicparticipation in the emergency decision-making processall contributed to the difficulties experienced byfloodplain inhabitants.     

从成矿构造动力学探讨脉状金矿床成矿深度

在综述国内外与韧性剪切带有关的脉状金矿床成矿动力学的新近研究成果后,根据成矿控矿构造动力学特征及其与成矿流体运移机制、矿物结晶特点的关系认为矿物结晶发生于地震微破裂导致成矿流体压力骤降后的低压力阶段,由矿物包裹体压力并按静岩压力梯度推算的成矿深度要明显小于矿床的实际成矿深度.本文提出一种新的成矿深度估算方法,其估算的成矿深度与目前大多数脉状金矿床中石英具有明显的韧性变形的特点相吻合.     

综合物探方法在松辽盆地北部基底结构研究中的应用

根据综合地球物理方法，查明松辽盆地北部基底的断裂２６条，其中岩石圈断裂６条，壳断裂５条，基底断裂１５条；盆地基底岩性由五种类型所组成一前寒武系变质岩、糜棱岩、下古生界变质岩、二叠系浅变质岩及花岗岩。为盆地演化及含油气性提供重要信息。