隔震建筑结构的强震观测与初步分析

福建省防灾减灾隔震大楼自2005年8月架设强震观测结构台阵以来,已多次记录到大楼地震动力反应,这些宝贵的结构反应资料对于评价隔震效果、分析结构反应特性具有十分重要的价值。本文从中选取了震级在3.7~7.6、震中距在189~3 595km的24次地震的台阵资料,对大楼的振动特性和隔震效果进行了初步分析,得到的结论是:(1)大楼场地土层的特征周期在0.63~0.68 s;(2)中心大楼在小地震作用下表现的振动卓越频率分别为4.7Hz(垂直向)、1.31Hz(南北向)、1.40Hz(东西向),大楼水平向第一阶振型的频率分别为1.41Hz(南北向)、1.59Hz(东西向),即自振周期为0.70 s(南北向)、0.63 s(东西向);(3)大楼在小地震时隔震效果不明显,其南北向隔震效果比东西向好;随着地下室记录峰值的增大,顶层放大倍数有所降低,大楼卓越频率也有所降低;(4)初步分析表明大楼在小震时仍有扭转效应,其扭转周期为0.5 s,有待进一步分析。     

GPS电子地图的设计与实现

随着计算机科学技术和地理信息系统以及全球卫星定位系统（ＧＰＳ）的发展,产生了一门新的应用领域———ＧＰＳ电子地图．根据电子地图的特点,介绍了自行开发设计的ＧＰＳ电子地图系统的结构、功能及实现方法．     

考虑时变影响的拱坝坝肩空间变形场预测

坝肩变形是拱坝坝肩稳定状态的综合反映,在运行期呈小变形变化,监测点测值在空间上具有连续性,同时影响拱坝坝肩变形的各种因素具有时变性。通过融合统计回归和多层递阶方法的特点,建立了反映变形场空间和时变特性的空间时变分析模型。实例分析表明,该模型实用有效,预测精度高。考虑时变影响可以提高拱坝坝肩空间变形场的预测能力,对监控拱坝坝肩的实际工作状况有重要意义。     

也门71区地震资料采集方法

也门71区地表地质条件异常复杂,特殊的地震地质条件,给地震采集带来施工和技术上的难题。通过分析工区地震地质条件、地质任务、以往资料质量等因素,对 71区地震资料采集方法进行研究,以2006年二维地震采集项目为例,说明采用混合震源采集、弯直线施工、观测系统、激发因素等措施,取得较好的结果。     

GPS-measured land subsidence in Ojiya City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan

Land subsidence caused by compression of clay layers in Ojiya City, Japan was measured by global positioning system (GPS) between 1 April 1996 and 31 December 1998.

Three baselines were selected in and around the city, and height difference on a WGS-84 ellipsoid was measured by GPS on each baseline. The ground at the GPS station in the city subsides and rebounds 7 cm every winter and spring, respectively. Measurement accuracy was 9.5 mm standard deviation. Ground water level was observed at a well near the GPS station. Regression analysis between total strain, calculated as ratio of the height difference displacement to the total thickness of the clay layers, and the layers' effective stress change with ground water level change gave good correlation. The slope of regression line 7.0×10⁻¹¹ m²/N was obtained as an average apparent coefficient of volume compressibility of the layers.     

用CCD照相多幅叠加处理检测弱星的试验

本文利用CCD动态范围大且便于数值处理的优点,观测月晕中(强背景上)的弱源。在背景尚未使CCD片子饱和时,即停止露光,存入计算机,多次露光,然后在计算机内多幅叠加,减去背景,显出弱源。通过观测试验和定量估算,结果表明,曝光重叠法,用10幅图叠加时能提高信噪比2.65倍。实测与理想情况符合较好。     

Reevaluation of historical ocean heat content variations with time-varying XBT and MBT depth bias corrections

As reported in former studies, temperature observations obtained by expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) and mechanical bathythermographs (MBTs) appear to have positive biases as much as they affect major climate signals. These biases have not been fully taken into account in previous ocean temperature analyses, which have been widely used to detect global warming signals in the oceans. This report proposes a methodology for directly eliminating the biases from the XBT and MBT observations. In the case of XBT observation, assuming that the positive temperature biases mainly originate from greater depths given by conventional XBT fall-rate equations than the truth, a depth bias equation is constructed by fitting depth differences between XBT data and more accurate oceanographic observations to a linear equation of elapsed time. Such depth bias equations are introduced separately for each year and for each probe type. Uncertainty in the gradient of the linear equation is evaluated using a non-parametric test. The typical depth bias is +10 m at 700 m depth on average, which is probably caused by various indeterminable sources of error in the XBT observations as well as a lack of representativeness in the fall-rate equations adopted so far. Depth biases in MBT are fitted to quadratic equations of depth in a similar manner to the XBT method. Correcting the historical XBT and MBT depth biases by these equations allows a historical ocean temperature analysis to be conducted. In comparison with the previous temperature analysis, large differences are found in the present analysis as follows: the duration of large ocean heat content in the 1970s shortens dramatically, and recent ocean cooling becomes insignificant. The result is also in better agreement with tide gauge observations. On leave from the Meteorological Research Institute of the Japan Meteorological Agency.     

地球信息科学的研究与发展

信息时代的召唤,地球信息科学应运而生.经过10a左右的发展,地理信息科学已见雏形.总结了10a来地球信息科学的研究结果,并介绍了地球信息科学的研究内容和发展前景.     

一种移动空间信息服务系统的设计与实现

在介绍移动空间信息服务系统(MSISS)的概念、体系结构及技术背景的基础上,探讨了MSISS系统中导航定位、移动通信、嵌入式系统、移动计算等关键技术,提出了一种具有创新性的设计与实现策略。