地震CT在芭蕉箐隧道地质灾害诊断中的应用

计算机层析成像简称为CT,是一种利用在物体周边所得到的某种物理量的一维投影数据,经过计算机处理,重建物理特定层面上的二维图像和依据一系列二维图像构成三维图像的技术。本文详细介绍了地震CT探测技术在芭蕉箐隧道中探测应用情况。针对芭蕉箐隧道上、下行线中部均出现坍塌,按照规范的方法对所设计的方案进行了勘测,经过野外数据采集、室内资料处理和地质解释等阶段的工作,本次勘探取得了预期的成果。     

打桩对周围建筑物振动影响的研究与实例分析

研究了打桩过程中土层质点振动速度的监测方法,打桩振动对周围建筑物影响程度的评价标准,并结合工程实例探讨了有关因素对检测结果的影响,及施工中应采取的相应减振措施。     

计算机2000年问题对地震观测的影响及其预防方法

简要分析了计算机２０００ 年问题对地震观测的影响．这些影响主要表现在各种应用软件方面．提出了几种预防方法,除了更换必要的观测仪器之外,还要解决各类软件的２０００ 年问题     

野外简易脱气装置简介

根据水力学原理结合水氡在实验室分析中水样鼓泡脱气的方法 ,进行了大量的野外试验 ,研制开发了野外简易脱气装置。通过几个月的试观测 ,脱气装置气流稳定 ,脱气效率高 ,完全可以满足自动化观测仪器对气量的需求。该装置解决了地下水化学在野外冷水泉无法进行气体观测的难题 ,而且制作简单、费用低廉 ,非常便于推广。     

抓住机遇,建立服务于防震减灾事业的现代大地测量学研究-实验-装备体系

“现代大地测量学”是当今最有活力、发展最快的学科之一,已成为解决地球科学基本问题必不可缺的学科,并被认为是地震科学和地震预报的支柱性学科之一。根据地震科学发展的趋势和国家防震减灾的目标和需求,必须抓住机遇,夯实基础,发挥中国地震局系统的大地测量学科与地球观测技术优势,尽快建立服务于防震减灾事业的现代大地测量学研究——实验——装备体系。     

新一代陆用MT观测系统

大地电磁法( MT)是地球深部探测的有效物探手段之一,也是当今地球物理工作者的研究热点。要实现MT探测,用于野外观测的仪器系统是基础,要求观测系统具有高可靠、高精度、多台同步、轻便等特点。通过集成嵌入式计算机、DTCXO、24位ADC、锂电池组等部件研制了采集主机,动态范围达119 dB(fs=2400 Hz),功耗约1600 mW,并配备了轻便的低噪声感应式磁传感器、低漂移电场传感器以及用于野外仪器自检的自检盒,在提高了仪器可靠性的同时也提高了野外数据采集质量和野外施工效率。多次室内及野外试验验证了本观测系统的可靠性、低功耗、轻便性及易用性,可满足陆地MT勘探施工的要求。     

关于数字化记录中前兆信号的分析

介绍了如何用MATLAB工具软件—小波分析的基本理论对数字信号进行数字滤波,着重分析和研究了呼和浩特地震台形变观测资料出现各种信号,提出了小波分析理论对台站实际工作的重要性。     

A study on the focal parameters of Shidian M =5.9 earthquake sequences in 2001

On the basis of about 300 earthquake wave forms observed in the Shidian M _S=5.9 sequences on April 12, 2001 recorded in Kunming Digital Seismic Network, the spectra of shear wave have been used to estimate the focal parameters of these earthquake sequences. The results show that within the magnitude range of 1.5–5.3, the seismic moments are 10¹⁰–10¹⁶ N·m, the corner frequencies are 0.2–0.8 Hz, radii of the focal rupture are 200–2 500 m and the stress drops are 0.1×10⁵–20×10⁵Pa. Through the statistical analyses of variation of corner frequency f _c and stress drop Δσ with time, it is discovered that the average corner frequency of the foreshock sequences is obviously lower than that of the aftershock sequences. Contrarily, the average stress drops Δσ of the foreshock sequences are clearly higher than that of the aftershocks. It is considered that these variation characteristics of average corner frequency and stress drops before and after the main shock have index significance to the precursory information before a strong earthquake. The higher stress drops for the foreshock sequences show that the higher shear stresses have been stored in the area of main shock. After the main shock, most of the stresses have been released, so the aftershock sequences show a rupture process of lower stresses. Foundation item: Scientific and Technological Key Project of Yunnan Province (2001NG46)     

基于二进小波的数字形变资料趋势异常分析探讨

利用二进正交离散小波，通过Mallat快速算法对形变倾斜资料进行了处理，并将计算结果与该地区的地震活动进行了对比分析。综合分析认为，小波分解的本质是窗口加权滑动平均的结果，能有效地对各种不同频率成分的形变序列按不同的频段分离和重构，可以起到明显放大低频段趋势成份的作用，为有效识别形变趋势异常提供一种可行方法。     

A Possible Detection of the 26 December 2004 Great Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake with Solution Products of the International GNSS Service

The main goal of this work is to critically review the IGS solution products and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) in order to demonstrate their potential to contribute to studies of large earthquakes such as the one that devastated Southeast Asia on December 26th, 2004. In view of a possible detection of the Mw 9.0 Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake of December 26, 2004, position solutions, ranging from intervals of years to one second, of four International GNSS Service (IGS) stations within 3000 km of the epicenter were examined. The IGS combined, cumulative solution product (IGS04P51), consisting of epoch and station velocity solutions and based on data spans of several years prior to the earthquake, was used as a reference. Four IGS combined weekly position solutions (igs04P1301-4), two weeks before and after the earthquake, were utilized for the weekly solution resolution. PPP static and kinematic solutions with IGS Final combined orbits and clocks were used for the mean daily and instantaneous 5-min and 1-sec epoch solutions, respectively. The most significant changes, detected by both weekly and daily solutions occurred in longitude. The nearest IGS station ntus, about 1000 km east of the epicenter, moved westward about 15 mm, while the more distant Indian station iisc (∼ 2300 km NW from the epicenter), shifted about 15 mm eastward. In spite of position errors caused by interpolation of the 5-min IGS clocks, the 1-sec solutions, based on separate data sets, available only for two stations (iisc, dgar), still showed seismic surface waves, in particular at the Indian station iisc. Precise daily IGS combined polar motion and length-of-day products, after correcting for the atmospheric effects, also likely detected, statistically significant, anomalistic excitations on December 26, 2004 that could be caused by this great earthquake.