便携式地质灾害应急调查工具箱的研究及应用

我国是突发性地质灾害频发的国家,提高地质调查队伍的应急调查效率成为当务之急。本文介绍了一种新研发的便携式地质灾害应急调查工具箱,具有在地质调查的团队合作性、应急性、野外性等多方面的突出特点。现场应用证明,便携式工具箱配合野外数据传输装置,能够快速采集、储存、传输现场资料。野外无纸化录入数据后,自动生成各种规范的地质调查表,实现采集、编辑、输出一体化,大幅度提高应急调查的综合效率,为突发性地质灾害应急调查提供了技术支撑。     

Support vector machines‐based modelling of seismic liquefaction potential

This paper investigates the potential of support vector machines (SVM)‐based classification approach to assess the liquefaction potential from actual standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) field data. SVMs are based on statistical learning theory and found to work well in comparison to neural networks in several other applications. Both CPT and SPT field data sets is used with SVMs for predicting the occurrence and non‐occurrence of liquefaction based on different input parameter combination. With SPT and CPT test data sets, highest accuracy of 96 and 97%, respectively, was achieved with SVMs. This suggests that SVMs can effectively be used to model the complex relationship between different soil parameter and the liquefaction potential. Several other combinations of input variable were used to assess the influence of different input parameters on liquefaction potential. Proposed approach suggest that neither normalized cone resistance value with CPT data nor the calculation of standardized SPT value is required with SPT data. Further, SVMs required few user‐defined parameters and provide better performance in comparison to neural network approach. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

手持式X射线荧光光谱仪测定富钴结壳样品中锰铁钴镍铜锌

便携式X射线荧光光谱仪可以快速进行多元素实时分析,在富钴结壳资源勘查中有广阔的应用前景,但是现有仪器的分辨率和稳定性有待进一步提高,特别是现场原位分析法的应用有待研究。本文针对富钴结壳中目标元素含量相对较高的特点,采用松散粉末法制样,建立了手持式X射线荧光光谱仪快速测定太平洋富钴结壳样品中Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu和Zn的分析方法。该方法用多金属结核和富钴结壳国家标准物质进行验证,测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.2%~3.0%之间,测定值与标准值的相对误差为92.9%~107.6%。样品现场分析和实验室分析的数据对比表明,除了低含量Cu略有超差外,Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Zn和品位均无超差,完全满足该类矿产资源勘查规程的要求。本法简单、高效,适用于对野外富钴结壳资源作出快速的初步评价。     

Prediction of ultimate axial load-carrying capacity of piles using a support vector machine based on CPT data

The support vector machine (SVM) is a relatively new artificial intelligence technique which is increasingly being applied to geotechnical problems and is yielding encouraging results. In this paper SVM models are developed for predicting the ultimate axial load-carrying capacity of piles based on cone penetration test (CPT) data. A data set of 108 samples is used to develop the SVM models. These data were obtained from the literature containing pile load tests and each sample contains information regarding pile geometry, full-scale static pile load tests and CPT results. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to examine the relative significance of each input variable with respect to ultimate strength prediction. Finally, a statistical analysis is conducted to make comparisons between predictions obtained from the SVM models and three traditional CPT-based methods for determining pile capacity. The comparison confirms that the SVM models developed in this paper outperform the traditional methods.     

CPT-Based estimation of undrained shear strength of fine-grained soils in the Huanghe River Delta

The Huanghe River（Yellow River） Delta has a wide distribution of fine-grained soils. Fluvial alluviation, erosion,and wave loads affect the shoal area, resulting complex physical and mechanical properties to sensitive fine-grained soil located at the river-sea boundary. The cone penetration test（CPT） is a convenient and effective in situ testing method which can accurately identify various soil parameters. Studies on undrained shear strength only roughly determine the fine content（FC） without ma...     

便携式自动气象站结构与功能设计

从便携式自动气象站的用途、需求出发,进行了便携式自动气象站结构与功能设计,重点突出了移动应急气象观测对自动气象站的便携性、易架设性、低功耗、支持多种通信方式的要求。中国气象局气象探测中心制定了《便携式自动气象站功能规格需求书》,并对8个厂家生产的设备在3个气象台站进行了试用,测试了传感器性能、使用的便携性和易架设性、通信方式的多样性、设备运行的低功耗和长期稳定性,试验结果表明,设备结构和功能设计可满足移动应急气象观测需求。     

Estimating spatial correlation structures based on CPT data

Spatial correlation structures are usually used while modelling inherent uncertainty associated with soil properties. To retrieve this information a sufficient number of measurements and equal intervals between measurements or samples are always required. However, in practice, it is not usual to conduct site investigation in that way subject to a limited budget. Therefore, it is of interest to understand the possible bias created by using samples with unequal intervals. This research focuses on estimating the vertical spatial correlation structures of cone penetration tests (CPT) data conducted at a liquefaction site in Taiwan. The appropriate fitting range used in calibrating the correlation model is also discussed. The results show that cone tip resistance has larger correlation distances than that of sleeve friction. The estimated correlation distances of the CPT profiles are similar while using an equal sampling interval within a certain fitting range (denoted as the critical interval of measurements in this research). The results indicate that the effect of using different curve-fitting ranges is relatively insignificant for correlation distances of sleeve friction, whereas the correlation distances of cone tip resistance are more sensitive to different curve-fitting ranges. Moreover, the mean values of correlation distances are more constant for the equal sampling interval cases than for the unequal interval cases.     

蒙古国东南部钨多金属靶区的快速圈定与成矿分析

复杂地表条件下矿产勘探一直是个难题,国外区块更是如此,首次利用XLT一592WZ型便携式XRF分析仪在蒙古国苏赫巴托尔省（额尔德尼查干苏木）13451X草原覆盖地区系统采集数据,分析研究并圈定成矿靶区。初期利用x荧光仪进行扫面勘探,发现有W、As、Ph、Zn、Cu、Fe等元素异常,经过异常查证优选了一个钨多金属找矿远景区。在钨多金属找矿远景区内通过23条探槽和钻探工程进一步揭露发现一条黑钨矿体;钨矿主要以脉状、团块状或是角砾状形式出现,成矿围岩为花岗斑岩,矿石以黑钨矿为主,白钨矿极少,可见硅化、萤石,推测该区成矿类型为高温热液型黑钨矿。综合来看,在野外利用便携式X荧光光谱仪进行定性与半定量分析是有效的,该方法可在同类地区推广应用。     

干拌水泥碎石桩加固路基现场试验研究

针对京珠高速公路漯周界K421＋642-K421＋975段路基病害问题,采用干拌水泥碎石桩予以加固。为了研究其加固效果,现场试验段分为5个区,每区6根桩,桩长6m,成孔直径150mm,桩间距1m×1m,重锤120kg,每个区桩的每层虚填料高度、夯击次数不同。通过载荷试验、动力触探试验检测结果对比分析得出以下结论：每层虚填料高度小于40cm,夯击7次时,桩体达到密实状态,单桩承载力极限值达到400kPa,满足设计要求;通过静力触探、瑞利波测试及室内试验对比,分析加固前后路基土的变化,发现加固后路基含水量降低,路基的承载力和沉降得到改善。运行路基没有再出现唧泥、翻浆、路面病害等问题。上述分析和治理方法可为类似工程病害治理提供参考。     

便携式水下监视系统在三号地水位异常中的应用

GW112AD型水下监视系统是携带方便、结构新颖、功能齐全和图像清晰的一款水下监视装置,通过对三号地井下环境进行检查发现,井管腐蚀老化,淤泥堵塞现象较严重,对水位变化影响较大,三号地水位多次突降异常的信度一般,需对该井进行必要的洗井清理工作.