利用LA-ICP-MS在16 μm和10 μm激光束斑条件下测定独居石U-Th-Pb年龄

我国锂钾主要矿产资源大多分布在西部偏远地区,其勘查找矿或综合利用迫切需要现场快速分析技术的支持。本文介绍了自行开发的便携式Li-K分析仪的主要性能及其在锂辉石中锂的分析应用。Li-K分析仪是一种基于大气压的液体阴极辉光放电光谱仪,以待测液体为放电阴极,实现样品中Li、K等元素的原子化和激发。该仪器以光纤传导CCD光谱仪作为检测器,其波长范围为345～1015 nm,分辨率3 nm;以Li 670.78 nm和K 769.90 nm分析谱线,在最佳仪器工作条件下测定Li、K的精密度（RSD,n=14）均低于2%,检出限为0.03 μg/mL,检测范围0.1～10 μg/mL。研究表明,不同酸度和酸的类型对谱线强度影响较大,且存在显著的样品基体效应,标准曲线法分析锂辉石中Li的结果偏差高达267%;而标准加入法可克服基体效应的影响,获得与ICP-OES一致性较好的分析结果,为现场开展固体样品中Li的测定奠定了基础。     

振冲挤密加固深厚吹填珊瑚礁砂地基试验研究

针对沙特吉赞新建的围海造陆货物堆场的地基处理,基于珊瑚礁砂的疏浚工程特性,开展了用两种振冲挤密法加固该处不良级配疏松礁砂地基的有效性及确定其相应工艺参数的现场试验.先完成选定小区试验,后由SPT检验其效果,再分析确定最优振冲工艺并指导了大面积工程施工.通过比对场区地基加固前、后的CPT检测结果,用Iwasaki液化指数...     

Understanding historical coastal spit evolution: A case study from Spurn,East Yorkshire,UK

Globally sandy coastlines are threatened by erosion driven by climatic changes and increased storminess. Understanding how they have responded to past storms is key to help manage future coastal changes. Coastal spits around the world are particularly dynamic and therefore potentially vulnerable coastal features. Therefore, how they have evolved over the last few centuries is of great importance. To illustrate this, this study focuses on the historical evolution of a spit at Spurn on the east coast of the UK, which currently provides critical protection to settlements within the Humber estuary. Through the combination of digitized historical mapping and luminescence dating, this study shows that Spurn has been a consistent coastal feature over at least the past 440 years. No significant westward migration was observed for the last 200 years. Results show a long-term extension of the spit and a decrease in its overall area, particularly in the last 50 years. Breaches of the neck cause temporary sediment pathway changes enabling westward extension of the head. Use of digitized historical maps in GIS combined with OSL dating has allowed a more complete understanding of long-term spit evolution and sediment transport modes at Spurn. In doing so it helps inform future possible changes linked to pressures, such as increases in storm events and sea-level rise. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

流磁预报地震初探

通过对晋、冀、蒙三省交界区长达11年的流动地磁资料的综合分析,以丰镇、大同-阳高地震为例,探讨了流磁资料预报地震的能力,震例表明震磁效应是明显的,认为以磁报震是一种有前途的方法。     

Two-phase Material Point Method applied to the study of cone penetration

This paper presents numerical simulations of Cone Penetration Test (CPT) in water-saturated soft soils taking into account pore pressure dissipation during installation. Besides modelling interaction between soil skeleton and pore fluid, the problem involves large soil deformations in the vicinity of the penetrometer, soil–structure interaction, and complex non-linear response of soil. This makes such simulations challenging. Depending on the soil’s permeability and compressibility, undrained, partially drained or drained conditions might occur. Partially drained conditions are commonly encountered in soils such as silts and sand–clay mixtures. However, this is often neglected in CPT interpretation, which may lead to inaccurate estimates of soil properties. This paper aims at improving the understanding of the penetration process in different drainage conditions through advanced numerical analyses. A two-phase Material Point Method is applied to simulate large soil deformations and generation and dissipation of excess pore pressures during penetration. The constitutive behaviour of soil is modelled with the Modified Cam Clay model. Numerical results are compared with experimental data showing good agreement.     

便携式高精度游标螺旋测微装置室内模拟研究

直接测量岩石表面降低的高度是研究当前地表侵蚀速率的有效方法,目前认为地表岩石的侵蚀速率一般在百分之一毫米到微米数量级。然而以往的测量仪不能满足大范围野外岩石侵蚀速率测量的精度,本文介绍了一种新研发可直接进行岩石侵蚀速率测量的仪器---便携式高精度游标螺旋测微装置的组成和原理。与以往相比的改进是本次使用“磁铁”代替“棘轮”,旋拧螺旋测微杆,并利用改造后的装置进行了室内模拟试验。试验用装置A和装置B同时对无侵蚀和有侵蚀的两种情况进行对比测量,共获得120个测量数据。其中装置A中极差、平均偏差和标准偏差均小于0.001 mm的点,占所有点的83%,表明该设备在0.001 mm数量级精密度良好;装置B进行卫生丸“侵蚀”模拟实验,获得早期（前三天）微米级的平均“侵蚀”速率（0.0097 mm/天）,装置A的每日重复测量结果基本说明测量精度已经达到1 μm（0.001 mm）。改造后的装置精度更高且简单和易于携带,可在较低侵蚀速率地区大范围测量。     

轻便可控震源在金属矿地震反射勘探的试验研究

在河北省迁安大石河铁矿进行轻便高频可控源 (PHV)地震反射勘探的试验研究是成功的。可控震源的优点主要在于分辨率高、可以自由选择频率范围 ,对输入到地下能量的频谱有一定的控制作用。通过与夯击震源WACKERBS60Y系统结果的对比 ,证实了它工作稳定 ,效率高 ,优于其它震源。     

Semi-empirical procedures for evaluating liquefaction potential during earthquakes

Semi-empirical procedures for evaluating the liquefaction potential of saturated cohesionless soils during earthquakes are re-examined and revised relations for use in practice are recommended. The stress reduction factor (r_d), earthquake magnitude scaling factor for cyclic stress ratios (MSF), overburden correction factor for cyclic stress ratios (K_σ), and the overburden normalization factor for penetration resistances (C_N) are discussed and recently modified relations are presented. These modified relations are used in re-evaluations of the SPT and CPT case history databases. Based on these re-evaluations, revised SPT- and CPT-based liquefaction correlations are recommended for use in practice. In addition, shear wave velocity based procedures are briefly discussed.     

可移式多功能微机自动控制钻进实验台的研建

在总结原有的微机自动控制实大钻实验台和微机自动控制模拟微钻实验台研建经验的基础上,运用多项先进技术和最新研究成果,成功地研建了一套“可移式多功能微机自动控制钻进实验台”。介绍了实验台的研建过程及实验效果。