唐山地区可液化场地标准CPT指标及其与剪切波速的关系

无论从以往大地震的经历还是未来潜在地震危险的角度,唐山地区都是一个研究液化的良好的实验场,对其可液化场地获取符合国际标准的、代表目前国际上液化势衡量指标发展趋势的CPT测试结果,对积累液化研究基础数据、研究液化前后场地的抗液化性能变化以及发展新的液化预测方法应是有意义的工作。本文采用国际标准的CPT技术对唐山地区可液化场地进行实地勘察测试,得到了锥尖阻力和侧壁摩阻力这两项新指标,提出了可液化场地剪切波速构造,同时利用系统的优势,得到了可液化场地锥尖阻力与剪切波速间的关系式,分析了可液化场地CPT剖面和剪切波速特征。几个方面的分析表明,给出的结果具有可靠性。     

上海地区扁铲侧胀试验与其他原位试验结果的相关性分析

由于扁铲侧胀试验（DMT）在国内应用时间不长,如何合理地解释和应用DMT试验成果尚待进一步探讨。与其他原位试验结果进行对比分析是研究方法之一。介绍了多元回归在岩土工程相关分析中的应用。根据上海地区多个工程的扁铲侧胀试验、十字板剪切试验、标贯试验和静力触探试验的数据,通过选元分析和多元回归,得出扁铲侧胀试验与其它原位试验的相关关系,可供勘察设计相关人员参考使用。     

绿色工程勘察钻探实施方案探索及应用

绿色勘察是新发展理念在工程勘察行业的具体体现。钻探作为工程勘察各方法中最直观的手段而不可或缺,与之相关的环境问题也相对较多。通过分析工程勘察钻探特点、可能存在的环境问题,结合实际施工经验,不断探索,提出绿色工程勘察钻探实施方案,并在川藏铁路勘察实践中加以应用。思考与总结当前绿色工程勘察尚需解决的问题。倡导勘察、设计、施工单位和相关部门共同努力构建全方位、完善的绿色工程勘察体系。     

小倾角钻探工艺技术在绿色勘查中的应用

以钻代槽是覆盖区解决矿产勘查与生态环境保护间矛盾的有效技术手段,针对目前浅层取样技术在覆盖区应用过程中存在的问题,综合国内外先进的地表勘查用便携式取样钻探设备和工艺技术方法,结合生态文明建设和绿色勘查的要求,开展小倾角（≤30°）钻探工艺技术研究,采用全液压便携钻机、铝合金底枕、锚管固定、泵送内管总成和打捞器取心、跟管护壁、全倾角测斜等相结合的钻探工艺技术方法,并取得成功应用。     

便携式近地表频率域电磁法仪器研究现状与发展趋势

本文介绍了便携式近地表FDEM(频率域电磁法)仪器的应用需求、构成原理与特点、研究现状及新技术动态,强调了可靠性在实际应用中的重要性,对仪器研制过程中涉及的硬件、软件与结构三个部分的可靠性问题进行了深入探讨,并分别给出相应的解决措施.分别讨论了以不断进步的嵌入式技术、模拟技术、并行处理技术、无线通信技术及分布式设计技术等为代表的新技术对便携式近地表FDEM仪器性能指标的影响,明确了从集成度、功耗、精度、处理能力等方面提升便携式近地表FDEM仪器的整体性能是未来发展的方向,以期早日使得具有中国自主知识产权的便携式近地表FDEM仪器实现产业化,为新丝绸之路发展做出贡献.采用新设计理念,结合有效的新技术将提高近地表FDEM电磁勘探仪器的综合指标.可以预见,便携式近地表FDEM仪器功耗性能将会堪比现有智能手机功耗性能,勘探深度范围更广,分辨率更高,体积更小,更加便于携带和使用.     

新型便携式海水重金属元素现场测量仪研究

介绍了一种新研制的现场测量用小型质谱仪,该仪器能够用来监测水体中的痕量重金属元素如铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)以及砷(As)等,对水质环境污染的现场、实时、连续监测具有重要意义.     

Assessment of direct CPT and CPTU methods for predicting the ultimate bearing capacity of single piles

Twelve methods to determine axial pile capacity directly based on cone penetration test (CPT) and piezocone penetration test (CPTU) data are presented, compared and evaluated. Analyses and evaluation were conducted on three types of piles of different size and length. All the tested piles have failed at the end of static load test. Both the CPT methods and the CPTU methods were used to estimate the load bearing capacities of the investigated piles (Q_p). The static load test was performed to determine the measured load bearing capacities (Q_m). The pile capacities determined through different methods were compared with the measured values obtained from the static load tests. Two criteria were selected as bases of evaluation: the best fit line for Q_p versus Q_m and the arithmetic mean and standard deviation for the ratio Q_p/Q_m. Results of the analyses showed that the best methods for determining pile capacity are the two CPTU methods. Furthermore, the CPTU method is simple, easy to apply, and not influenced by the subjective judgements of operating staff. Therefore, it is quite suitable for the application in pile engineering practice.     

天津沿海地层静力触探参数与土体物理力学性质对比研究

近年来,在天津沿海地区的工程勘察中,积累了大量的静力触探参数资料与地基土层的物理力学参数资料。利用计算机的EXCEL数据处理软件,将各地基土层的地基土物理力学参数统计平均,同时将相应土层的静力触探参数统计平均,然后对平均后的数据进行统计回归,得到静力触探参数(锥尖阻力qc与侧摩阻力fs)与地基土层物理力学参数(天然含水量ω、天然密度ρ、孔隙比e、压缩系数a及压缩模量Es)间的统计回归方程。在天津沿海地区进行工程勘察时,利用所得方程可从静力触探参数(或土体物理力学参数)方便地得到土体物理力学参数(或静力触探参数),进而可以节约外业勘察或室内试验的工作量。     

Interpreting luminescence data from a portable OSL reader: three case studies in fluvial settings

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) is a technique that has been applied from the mid‐1980s, mainly for sediment dating. The OSL technique is based on sample stimulation by light to determine the luminescence signal that is stored in the crystal lattices of sediment grains after deposition, burial by later sediment and subsequent exposure to ionizing radiation from radioactive elements in the surrounding sediment. In such sediment dating, two parameters are required: the equivalent dose (i.e. the luminescence signal stored in the grains), and the dose rate (i.e. the ionizing energy from α, β and γ radiation emitted by naturally occurring radioisotopes in the deposit, plus the effects of cosmic radiation). In this research, the OSL technique is not used for dating. The study goal is to analyse only the luminescence signals (the total photon counts) in polymineral samples obtained after light stimulation in the blue (BLSL) and infrared (IRSL) wavelengths using a portable OSL reader designed and built at the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC). Three fluvial case studies – from Cambodia, Australia and Mexico – are used to illustrate the geomorphological interpretations possible with the portable OSL reader data from sediments resulting from a range of different depositional processes. The case studies show that aspects of sediment's transport and depositional processes can be inferred from the portable OSL reader data, providing valuable insights into geomorphological history. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用静力触探资料估算单桩竖向极限承载力标准值的几点体会

本文通过实例,用静力触探资料进行了单桩竖向极限承载力标准值的估算,并把估算结果和传统的经验参数法估算结果进行了对比,同时,又用单桩静力载荷试验资料进行了验证,从而说明该方法在不断积累经验后,在本地区是可以推广应用的。