Predicting standard penetration test N-value from cone penetration test data using artificial neural networks

Standard Penetration Test(SPT) and Cone Penetration Test(CPT) are the most frequently used field tests to estimate soil parameters for geotechnical analysis and design.Numerous soil parameters are related to the SPT N-value.In contrast,CPT is becoming more popular for site investigation and geotechnical design.Correlation of CPT data with SPT N-value is very beneficial since most of the field parameters are related to SPT N-values.A back-propagation artificial neural network(ANN) model was developed to predict the N6o-value from CPT data.Data used in this study consisted of 109 CPT-SPT pairs for sand,sandy silt,and silty sand soils.The ANN model input variables are:CPT tip resistance(q_c),effective vertical stress(σ'_v),and CPT sleeve friction(f_s).A different set of SPT-CPT data was used to check the reliability of the developed ANN model.It was shown that ANN model either under-predicted the N_(60)-value by 7-16%or over-predicted it by 7-20%.It is concluded that back-propagation neural networks is a good tool to predict N_(60)-value from CPT data with acceptable accuracy.     

黑龙江嫩江县银多金属矿45°斜孔钻探施工技术

在黑龙江省嫩江县二道坎村开展银多金属矿普查工作中使用MP-1000型便携式钻机进行了45°斜孔施工,该钻机占地小,搬迁方便,适合斜孔施工。针对斜孔施工中出现的钻孔漏失、坍塌掉块、钻孔偏斜的问题,通过采用改性刚性水泥堵漏剂对钻孔漏失段进行封堵,取得了良好的封堵效果;选用合适护壁性能的冲洗液减少了钻孔坍塌掉块;为防止孔斜,采用锚杆固定的方式稳固钻机,钻进过程中使用高胎体钻头,减少起下钻次数,避免掉块挤压钻具引起孔斜。通过选择合适的冲洗液以及不断优化施工工艺,45°斜孔施工取得了良好的效果。     

Failure analysis of CPT-based direct methods for axial capacity of driven piles in sand

Due to variety of current pile bearing capacity methods based on cone penetration test (CPT) measurements, there is always a need for evaluating performance of existing methods to make proper choices of methods as well as safety factors for optimum design. In this regard, geotechnical databases are known as useful tools which facilitate evaluation of existing methods. This paper deals with axial bearing capacity of driven piles in sand using CPT-based methods. A database of seventy-six records is employed to analyze different criteria of interpreting static pile load test results to select the most consistent approach with the CPT-based methods. Then, performance of nine commonly used direct CPT-based methods was evaluated. Finally, via a failure probability and cost optimisation approach, optimum safety factors are presented and discussed. Analysis of different failure criteria shows that the Hansen 80% criterion leads to more consistent results with the CPT-based methods. In addition, almost all of the investigated methods showed promising performance. The attained safety factors range from 1.6 to 3.1 for all records, 1.4 to 3.1 for piles in compression, and 1.4 to 2.2 for the piles in tension. Then, efficiency of methods was evaluated and the methods with higher efficiency are introduced.     

旁压试验确定上海软土地区的单桩承载力

该文搜集上海地区三十多项旁压试验资料工程，以及近133组静载荷试验，经过分析、统计、比较，得出根据旁压试验确定单桩竖向极限承载力的公式，表明该公式的普遍适用性，是对静载试验方法的有益补充。同时对379组分别采用旁压和静探试验估算的单桩承载力的比较，表明采用旁压试验方法估算的单桩承载力与静探方法基本吻合。     

基于双桥静力触探的饱和砂土液化判别方法刍议

饱和砂土液化是地震引发地基变形失稳、建筑受损破坏的主因之一,合理判定液化可能性是勘察实践和理论研究的重大课题。国内规范要求砂土液化判别仍以标准贯入试验为主,静力触探等原位测试方法为辅,静力触探较其他原位测试手段,在操作便利性、数据采集连续性、测试成本和抗干扰能力等方面更具优势。针对国内规范常用静力触探砂土液化判别方法进行了分析研究,并结合勘察实例进行了计算和对比,探讨了静力触探判别液化方法的土层适用性,并提出有关改进建议。     

“便携式地震应急指挥辅助决策系统”简介

本系统可以随身携带,自动监视地震监测台网发布的地震信息,自动启动,在接到地震信息后1-2分钟内自动给指挥者提供地震震中行政区域位置图、地震应急方案和震害快速评估等应急辅助决策,从而避免地震应急指挥的无序性,提高地震应急指挥决策的效率,缩短地震救灾组织时间。它集成了地震应急工作的全过程辅助功能。本系统对运行设备要求低,运行速度快,维护容易,操作方法简单,通用型设计,全国(全球)适用。用其建设地震应急指挥系统,投资省,见效快,运行维护成本低,可得到物美价廉的功效。     

各种便携式气相色谱仪特点

不同检测原理的检测器，决定了各种便携式气相色谱仪的性能。文章从检测器检测原理出发，分析了几种常用便携式气相色谱仪的主要特征；简要介绍了配备氢火焰检测器（FID）、热导检测器（TCD）、电子俘获检测器（ECD）、光离子化检测器（PID）、氩离子化检测器（AID）、氦离子化检测器（HID）、表面声波检测器（SAW）的便携式气相色谱仪性能。     

CPT-based seismic stability assessment of a hazardous waste site

In areas of high seismicity, seismic stability often controls hazardous and solid waste landfill closure design. The undrained shear strength (S_u) of the waste mass is fundamental to seismic slope stability analyses. The value of S_u for hazardous waste fill is often difficult to characterize. The physical and chemical natures of the waste fill typically preclude laboratory testing of the materials. In certain cases, Cone Penetration Test (CPT) soundings can provide a viable technique for evaluation of S_u provided that the cone shear strength factor N_k can be established. If hazardous waste materials laboratory testing is not an option, N_k may be evaluated based upon results of non-intrusive in situ testing. This paper presents a case history of the seismic stability assessment of a hazardous waste site in which N_k was established from the results of non-intrusive Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) soundings and empirical correlations to shear strength of soils. Generalization of the proposed methodology to other sites should be done with caution owing to variability among the parameters used in the analyses.     

Minipal 4便携式能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪在勘查地球化学中的应用

使用粉末样品压片制样，用Minipal 4便携式能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪测定化探样品尹的Na2O、MgO、Al2O3、SiO2、CaO、Fe2O3、K2O、As、Ba、Br、Ce、Co、Cr、Cu、Ga、La、Mn、Nb、Ni、P、Pb、Rb、Sr、Th、V、Y、Zn、Zr、Ti、Mo等30种组分。方法简便、快速，分析结果的精度和准确度能满足野外现场分析的要求。     

浅层钻探技术在山区输电线路勘察中的应用研究

山区输电线路塔位区大多山高坡陡、植被发育、水源匮乏,导致钻探设备搬迁困难、用水不便,严重影响地质钻探工作开展。本文聚焦山区输电线路地质勘察工作需求,开展基于浅层钻探技术的系统性、集成性研究,引入了小口径（?46 mm）绳索取心技术,研制了新型高效的PDC钻头,优化了钻机提钻装置、循环系统、钻井液配方等,并在试验中得到验证。结果表明,无水钻进工艺适用于山区输电线路地质勘察,浅钻绳索取心技术可有效解决孔壁坍塌、钻进效率低等问题,升级后的钻机循环系统可进行钻井液循环钻进,通过优化钻井液配方可将取心率提高到85%以上,解决了山区输电线路地质钻探工作效率低、取心率低等问题。