The Whole‐Rock Geochemical Composition of the Wudaogou Group in Eastern Yanbian,NE China–New Clues to Its Relationship with the Gold and Tungsten Mineralization and the Evolution of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean

The late Paleozoic Wudaogou Group, one of the oldest metamorphic units in the eastern Yanbian area, has important tectonic and metallogenic significance. Here, we provide new insights into their protoliths, tectonic setting of the metamorphic rocks and their relationships with the gold and tungsten mineralization, using new petrographic and whole‐rock geochemical data for various lithologies within the Wudaogou Group. The protolith of the metamorphic rocks of the Wudaogou Group was intermediate–basic volcanic rocks (e.g. basaltic andesite, trachyandesite, and basalt) and sedimentary rocks including argillaceous rocks, quartz sandstone, arkose and clayish greywacke, as well as pyroclastic sedimentary rock, covering tuffaceous sandstone. Before undergoing late Paleozoic epidote–amphibolite facies regional metamorphism, these protoliths were formed during the middle–late Permian in an island arc setting within a continental margin collage zone. Combined with the regional tectonic evolution, it can be speculated that the formation and the subsequent metamorphism of the protoliths of the metamorphic rocks from the Wudaogou Group were influenced by the change from subduction to collision of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean. Similarities of the rare earth element (REE) patterns and parameters among the metamorphic rocks within the Wudaogou Group, auriferous ores from the Xiaoxi'nancha gold (copper) deposit, and scheelites from the Yangjingou tungsten deposit, together with the favorable metallogenic element contents within the metamorphic rock series, imply that the Wudaogou Group could provide parts of metallic material for the gold and tungsten mineralization in the eastern Yanbian area, as exemplified by the Yangjingou deposit and Xiaoxi'nancha deposit, respectively. Further, the metamorphic sedimentary rocks, especially the metamorphic sandstones, quartz schists and quartz mica schists within the Wudaogou Group, have closer genetic relationships with the Yangjingou tungsten mineralization. However, the specific lithologies within this group which control the gold mineralization are still uncertain, and need further research.     

Geological characteristics and metallogenic prospect of marine volcanic rock-type copper deposits in eastern Kunlun Mountains area,Xinjiang

The Katelixi Cu-Zn deposit is a marine volcanic rock-type copper deposit discovered for the first time in the Tokuzidaban Group in eastern Kunlun Mountains area. It is hosted in the Lower Carboniferous Tokuzidaban Group volcanic strata. The orebodies are obviously controlled by the strata and their ore-bearing rocks are a suite of greyish-green mafic tuffs, generally parallel-stratiform, stratoid and lenticular in form, occurring in limestone as well as in the contact between limestone and carbon-bearing siltstone. This ore deposit possesses distinct characteristics of marine volcanic rock sedimentaion. The geological, petrochemical and REE characteristics of its occurrence pro-vide strong evidence suggesting that this deposit is of marine volcanic rock sedimention origin, basically identical to those of some typical marine volcanic rock-type copper deposits in Xinjiang and other parts of China. Marine vol-canic rocks are well developed in the Lower Carboniferous Tokuzidaban strata in eastern Kunlun Mountains area. In addition to this deposit, we have also found a number of copper polymetallic ore deposits or occurrences in associa-tion with marine volcanc activities in many places where there is a good metallogenic prospect. A breakthrough in the understanding of ore prospecting and genesis has not only filled up the gap in prospecting this type of ore depos-its in this area, but also is of great significance in directing exploration of this type of ore deposits in this area.     

易门狮子山铜矿流体包裹体研究

在总结狮子山铜矿床地质特征基础上,开展了流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温、成分分析等研究,结果表明狮子山铜矿成矿流体为H2O-NaCl体系,包裹体分三大类:含子矿物包裹体(S型)、液体包裹体(W型)和气体包裹体(V型)。S型包裹体为气液固三相包裹体,子矿物多为石盐,加热时常晚于气相均一为液相。均一温度范围广,在192～570℃之间,盐度在31.2%～69.63%NaCleqv之间,高温高盐度流体包裹体的存在说明有深源流体叠加;W型包裹体均一温度范围在98～583℃之间,盐度低至中等,在3.55%～22.98%NaCleqv之间;V型包裹体为高温(平均454℃)低盐度(平均9.54%NaCleqv)包裹体;矿区高温阶段不同相比的S型、V型、W型包裹体共生,且均一温度相同,说明成矿流体经过沸腾作用。     

热磁技术确定矿床有效指示元素的试验与效果

针对找矿指标的有效性和找矿模型的普适性问题,研究引入热磁技术,以乌努格吐山铜矿和丰山洞铜矿为例,对比分析了土壤热磁组分与岩石、岩石热磁组分与黄铁矿的元素组合。试验表明,在确定成矿指示元素组合方面,土壤热磁组分是一种可行的介质,相比岩石具有更高的元素含量,可以挖掘出更多的异常信息;而岩石热磁组分与黄铁矿则具有一致的元素组合,比较而言,岩石热磁组分具有更宽的适用范围(如风化岩石)。作为一种人工方法分离组分,热磁组分弥补了岩石或黄铁矿等自然介质本身所固有的一些不足,为成矿指示元素的选择提供了一个新的研究平台;对于确定同一类型矿床有效指示元素组合,解决找矿模型的普适性问题,开拓了一种新思路。     

川西里伍式铜矿床早石炭世成矿事件——以里伍和中咀矿床为例

川西里伍式富铜矿位于扬子地台西缘和松潘-甘孜造山带接合带的江浪穹窿中。矿体大体上呈层状-似层状或透镜状。前期的矿床地质特征调查及矿相学研究结果表明,里伍铜矿的矿体至少经历了两期富集过程:早期硫化物构造变形特征明显,成典型的条带状构造,而晚期的矿化不具变形特征,主要呈块状、团块-浸染状及脉状矿构造叠加改造于前者之上。本文对里伍和中咀矿床中早期条带状黄铜矿进行了Re-Os同位素定年,获得一个良好的等时线年龄为343±11 Ma(n=4,2σ),初始~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值为~2.37。本文据此认为里伍式富铜矿早期成矿事件始于早石炭世,明显晚于赋矿围岩——元古界里伍岩群,该时期的成矿物质主要来源于大陆上地壳。     

新疆阿舍勒火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿硫、铅同位素地球化学

通过对矿石矿物与容矿围岩Ｓ、Ｐｂ同位素地球化学的研究，证实阿舍勒铜矿区Ⅰ号矿床与Ⅱ号矿床在成因上具有显著差异，即Ⅰ号矿床成矿金属与细碧岩同源，硫则来自于火山喷气；Ⅱ号矿床成矿金属可能来自石英角斑质凝灰岩的海水淋滤，硫可能是多源的。这一认识为开拓找矿思路提供了新的依据。铅同位素资料还反映基－酸性火山岩来自两个源区。     

冈底斯铜矿带冲江含矿斑岩的岩石化学及锆石SHRIMP年龄特征

青藏高原南部冈底斯斑岩铜矿带冲江含矿斑岩早期为闪长岩,主期为花岗闪长斑岩及石英二长斑岩,晚期为花岗斑岩.岩石化学特征表现为早期和主期岩体主要为高钾钙碱性岩石系列,晚期岩体介于高钾钙碱和钾玄质岩石系列之间.含矿斑岩锆石SHRIMP年龄为(12.9±0.3)Ma,此年龄及前人的年龄资料表明冲江含矿斑岩体是多阶段作用形成的,第一阶段为14～15.6 Ma,第二阶段为12～13.8 Ma.现有冈底斯铜矿带年龄资料表明,冈底斯斑岩铜矿带成岩成矿时代在12～18 Ma之间,岩浆活动时限约6 Ma.     

江西城门山铜矿地质特征及矿床成因

江西城门山铜矿床的形成与长山-城门湖背斜和NEE向、NW向、NNE向三组断裂有关,矿床主要产于燕山期花岗闪长斑岩与石炭系、二叠系、三叠系碳酸盐岩的接触带上,部分矿体产于花岗闪长斑岩中.成矿物质具有多源、深源性.矿床为似层状、豆荚状、透镜状、带状及席状.通过对矿体形态、矿石组成、矿石结构构造、围岩蚀变等矿床特征的研究,进一步分析了矿床的成因.其结果认为,城门山铜矿床为燕山早期晚阶段及晚期早阶段中酸性钙碱系列岩浆的多次上侵作用形成的矽卡岩型、块状硫化物型、斑岩型“三位一体”的铜矿床,为岩浆期后中低温热液矿床.     

四川拉拉铜矿床成因研究

四川拉拉铜矿产于古元古宇河口群落凼组 ,成矿围岩为一套细碧角斑质火山岩及以硅质岩、条带状钠长岩和萤石化黑云母岩为主的喷气岩 ,矿体呈似层状、透镜状。矿石呈条带状、浸染状 ,部分呈角砾状 .。矿石矿物呈他形粒状以填隙方式产出 ,并见交代溶蚀结构和黄铁矿的胶状结构。矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿、黄铁矿及少量斑铜矿、辉钼矿。黄铁矿的常量元素、Co/Ni、S/Se均显示火山喷流 -沉积矿床的特征。铅同位素及硫同位素资料表明 ,铜铁等金属物质主要来源于围岩 ,而硫以深源为主 ,并有海水硫酸盐参与。矿床属火山喷流-沉积型硫化物矿床。     

新疆包古图斑岩铜矿矿床地质特征

新发现的包古图斑岩铜矿床位于准噶尔盆地西缘,达尔布特断裂以南的包古图地区。通过对 V 号主要赋矿岩体及钻孔岩心的野外和镜下观察,研究了矿体矿化情况、蚀变分带特征和矿石组合。对该矿床的流体包裹体分类研究表明,主成矿期成矿温度在180℃～450℃,包裹体的形成压力多在1～9MPa。由此得出的斑岩体的侵位深度在100～600m。黄铜矿和黄铁矿的δ~(34)S 变化范围分别是-2.4‰～-0.8‰和-2.7‰～ 0.7‰。对该矿床的初步研究认为,矿床是在埃达克质岩浆侵位到地壳浅部冷却成岩后,经历了两期含矿热液的作用而成矿的。早期形成 Cu、Fe、Mo、Zn 的硫化物矿物,可划分为4个成矿阶段;晚期形成 Cu-Te-Bi-Au-Ag 的复杂矿物组合。早期矿化形成的辉钼矿 Re-Os 年龄是310Ma。