巴林石、寿山石透明度研究

通过分析巴林石、寿山石样品的FTIR与XRD光谱特征,指出有序度指数（OI）、结晶度指数（HI,DHI）及半高宽（FWHM（00l））在用于研究高岭石与地开石混合相样品的组分时具有局限性;计算了样品的有序度指数和结晶度指数并研究了各自与透明度之间的关系,结果证实,寿山石样品的透明度随其有序度与结晶度的增加而增大,但没有发现巴林石样品存在类似规律。     

滇中路南石林地区钙华特征与更新世气候变迁

钙华层是岩溶记录中古气候环境及地下水演变信息的载体,在重建古气候环境和恢复古水文地质条件等方面具有重要意义.通过对滇中路南石林地区的钙华沉积层进行大量地质研究,用ESR法测定其生成年代,结合钙华层的主要矿物(方解石)的生长发育特征,获得了该区距今33×104a～4.4×104a的地质活动、古气候环境的变迁信息.其年龄可与全球深海岩芯同位素记录和西南岩溶洞穴石笋所揭示的古气候记录对比,认为自从中更新世以来,路南石林地区经历了6次较大的气候变化,与全球古气候变化波动基本一致.     

Consolidation calculation by stone column and of soft ground reinforced practical application

推导了等应变条件下桩阻作用时的碎石桩复合地基固结方程,并与现场沉降观测数据换算出碎石桩复合地基在路堤施工过程中的固结度对比,二者吻合较好,证明了公式的正确性。沉降观测数据还表明：使用碎石桩处理软土地基能加快地基的固结速率。     

酸雨石等5种常用吸盐材料的盐碱土壤改良效果研究

以黑龙江省大庆市林甸县长青林场3个不同小区为实验地,分别采用酸雨石等5种吸盐材料对不同小区盐碱土壤进行改良,根据改良后土壤pH、导电率变化,对不同材料的盐碱土壤改良效果进行比较。研究表明,短期内吸盐速率:酸雨石活性炭腐熟牛粪沸石稻壳,长期吸盐量:酸雨石活性炭沸石稻壳腐熟牛粪,效果持久性为酸雨石最强,活性炭、沸石次之,稻壳较弱,腐熟牛粪最弱。酸雨石解碱能力最强,活性炭次之,沸石、牛粪、稻壳解碱能力较弱。因此,酸雨石在5种盐碱土改良剂中具有最强吸盐解碱能力。     

论冰碛石的形态特征及其与泥石流石的区别

长期以来流行的球度和圆度概念不足以刻画冰碛石及其他成因砾石的细微特征,需要在其基础上进一步挖掘有判别价值的标志性特征。针对冰碛石与泥石流石辨识的疑难问题,提出外接圆特征、粗糙度特征、圆度-体积特征以及混杂堆积砾石形态构成特征等几个概念。通过这些特征研究,结合真实的冰川擦痕、颤痕等标志,可更加准确地进行冰川沉积物与其他成因沉积物的判定。     

广东绿玉的物质组成和谱学特征

本文主要通过化学分析、扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍射，红外光谱和光吸收谱等测试手段对广东绿玉的物质组成，物化特征，呈色机理进行一些探讨，温试结果表明，广东绿玉的矿物成分主要是绢云母，其次为绿泥石，在不同颜色和质量的绿玉中，除了化学成分不同外，两种矿物的含量，矿物的结晶程度和了矣集状态也都不同，所呈现出的各种各样颜色主要与二阶铁离子、三价铁离子和钛离子的浓度及赋存状态有关。     

Spectrophotometric Determination of Vanadium in Carbonaceous Shales (Stone Coal Ores) Using 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol

A selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for determining the total amount of vanadium in carbonaceous shales (stone coal ores). The method is based on the reaction of vanadium(V) with the chromophore reagent 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. In a 0.072 mol l⁻¹ sulfuric acid medium, 5-Br-PADAP reacts with vanadium(V) to form a red-violet complex with a maximum absorption peak at 596 nm with an apparent molar absorption coefficient of the complex of 8.45 × 10⁴ l mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹. Beer's law was obeyed in the range 0–25 μg vanadium in 25 ml of solution, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. Interferences due to various non-target ions were also investigated and high quantities of other common inorganic ions were tolerable. The method involved the dissolution of the ore sample by Na₂O₂ fusion, followed by filtering of the alkali solution after which Fe(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) etc. were effectively separated from the solution by precipitation in a NaOH solution. Selectivity was increased with the use of EDTA as a masking agent. The vanadium in ore samples was determined with a relative deviation (RSD) between 0.20 and 0.76%, and has been successfully applied to the determination of vanadium-bearing stone coal ores. The results indicated that the accuracy of 5-Br-PADAP spectrophotometry is comparable with the ICP-AES method. The characteristics of the method, i.e., simplicity, selectivity, sensitivity and rapid calibration, make it specially suitable for routine analysis.     

大同云岗石窟文物渗水病害防治方案探讨

大同云岗石窟是国家级重点文物保护单位.多年来其水害严重,造成了文物的损坏 ,对其治理已经列入文物保护部门的日程.本文分析了大同云岗石窟石质文物渗水病害的类型与成因,并提出了新的渗水病害防治方法,为我国石质文物的保护提供参考.     

产于东西伯利亚的玉是发展当地独特石雕艺技的基石

本文研究了东西伯利亚玉矿的开发史。从新石器时代起,东西伯利亚的玉就已成为需求量很大的一种矿物资源。赋存于贝加尔湖区丰富的玉石促进了当地石雕艺技的蓬勃发展。西伯利亚的玉因形成机理迥异而绚丽多彩,该区玉石成因原则上可分为“去超基性岩化型”和“去碳酸岩化型”两种不同类型。东西伯利亚的玉成为重塑当地数千年来文明发展史的标志。文章概述了东西伯利亚的玉在亚洲北部古代社会中和当代科学研究中的重要价值和意义,讨论了该种玉的天然属性对艺术品和工业品制备过程中可能出现的各种问题,展示了东西伯利亚的玉的独特魅力及其与系列化设计工艺品间的差异。     

High‐grade localized metasomatic alteration of the granitic gneiss surrounding a clinopyroxene‐rich pegmatoid dyke: Söndrum stenhuggeriet,Halmstad, SW Sweden

The Söndrum stone quarry (Halmstad, SW Sweden) exposes a transition from migmatized granitic gneissic country rock into a foliated clinopyroxene‐free granitic gneiss, and then a central pegmatoid dyke dominated by clinopyroxene megacrysts. This transition zone represents a fracture‐controlled, fluid‐alteration zone that developed under conditions of 650–700 °C and 790 MPa. Mineral chemical trends in F, Cl, Fe, Ti, Mn and Y are interpreted as documenting a fluid infiltration event associated with the formation of the pegmatoid dyke. Fluid inclusions from the pegmatoid dyke are CO₂ dominant, whereas in the surrounding country rock they are dominated by H₂O‐NaCl‐CaCl₂. Fluid inclusions from the intermediate foliated clinopyroxene‐free granitic gneiss are a mixture of the two types. The pegmatoid dyke appears to have originated from a high Ca activity, Fe‐Mg enriched, fluid‐rich granitic melt with a CO₂ component, which was emplaced along a tectonic fracture in a regionally migmatized granitic gneiss in the lower crust. This was accompanied by limited partial melting of the surrounding granitic gneiss. The Ca activity of the melt was high enough to allow for the formation of clinopyroxene megacrysts as opposed to orthopyroxene. H₂O‐enriched fluids expelled from the crystallizing pegmatoid dyke, which retained the majority of the CO₂ helping to stabilize the clinopyroxene. The expelled fluids coarsened and chemically affected the surrounding country rock resulting in trends in the mineral and fluid inclusion chemistry seen today in the foliated and regional granitic gneiss.