Steady- and transient-state inversion in hydrogeology by successive flux estimation

A calibration method to solve the groundwater inverse problem under steady- and transient-state conditions is presented. The method compares kriged and numerical head field gradients to modify hydraulic conductivity without the use of non-linear optimization techniques. The process is repeated iteratively until a close match with piezometric data is reached. The approach includes a damping factor to avoid divergence and oscillation of the solution in areas of low hydraulic gradient and a weighting factor to account for temporal head variation in transient simulations. The efficiency of the method in terms of computing time and calibration results is demonstrated with a synthetic field. It is shown that the proposed method provides parameter fields that reproduce both hydraulic conductivity and piezometric data in few forward model solutions. Stochastic numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of the method to the damping function and to the head field estimation errors.     

超长灌注桩桩-土界面剪切模型及其有限元模拟

由于超长灌注桩为摩擦型桩,建立合适的桩-土界面剪切模型将成为合理且有效地模拟分析其承载变形特性的关键。基于超长灌注桩桩侧摩阻力? 随桩-土相对位移w发挥性状,将? - w关系定义为硬化和软化两种类型,进而将桩侧摩阻力发挥模式分为全硬化模式、全软化模式和混合模式。建立超长灌注桩桩-土界面剪切硬化模型和软化模型,运用ABAQUS二次开发子程序FRIC将建立的剪切模型嵌入有限元,实现剪切模型的有限元模拟,单桩算例表明,剪切模型在ABAQUS中实现是成功的。运用建立的桩-土界面剪切模型对现场试验试桩进行有限元模拟,模拟结果与实测结果较为吻合,表明所建立的桩-土界面剪切模型及其有限元模拟对于超长灌注桩承载变形计算具有合理性和可行性。     

拉萨城市地下水系统可开采资源评价

本文在青藏铁路区域水文地质调查工作的基础上,以系统理论的基本原理为出发点,利用地下水系统数值模型的运行,来对拉萨城市地下水系统可开采资源进行评价,取得了比较理想的结果.     

大、小洋山建港总体规划中的水流泥沙问题

水流、泥沙一直是建港中关键问题之一。从现场水文泥沙条件分析和数学模型计算等方面,分析比选了洋山港规划方案,提出了洋山港总体规划以单通道方案为宜,不但能简化现场的复杂的水流,选择合适的口门宽度还能维持深槽水流、水深条件,经计算分析提出了西口门宽度为3．5km的规划方案较好,此外还从平衡水深的角度对单通道方案的维持水深进行了计算。     

World continental modeling for water resources using system dynamics

This research assesses the severity of future water scarcity and its impact on the growth of human civilization through system dynamics modeling of the world at regional level. Six sectors of activities are modeled in each continent to represent the human society. Continental interactions such as migration and trade are also modeled to express the synergy of activities among the various continents. Results of the model simulations from 1960 to 2100 show that water scarcity, unlike other limitations such as nonrenewable resources and persistent pollution, gives severe, detrimental problems within short delays after its occurrence.     

温度时序资料确定地下水流速解析模型灵敏度分析

不同深度处的含水介质温度时序资料振幅比或相位滞后能用来计算地下水垂向流速,典型的解析模型是Hatch模型。为了评价Hatch模型的参数灵敏度,采用局部灵敏度分析方法确定该模型的主要影响因子及相关参数与模型响应的依存关系,再由全局灵敏度分析方法评价参数共同作用对模型计算结果的影响。灵敏度分析结果表明:Hatch模型精度的主要影响因子是测点距离（Δz）,其次是介质比热容（ρ_sc_s）和有效孔隙度（n_e）,而基准热传导系数（λ₀）和热弥散度（β）的影响甚微。基准热传导系数和热弥散度与计算流速呈负相关,其余参数则与之呈正相关。因此在实践中,需保证测点距离的准确性,而对基准热传导系数和热弥散度可取经验值。     

烃类物质微渗漏机制及垂向运移的数值模拟

在前人烃类物质微渗漏机制研究基础上,建立了烃类物质微渗漏的概念模型,并且推导了烃类物质垂向运移的动力学模型。在动力学模型的基础上,通过数值模拟验证了烃类物质胶体气泡上升机制的合理性,并计算了不同情况下烃类物质垂向运移的平衡时间,进一步验证了烃类物质气泡上升机制满足运移速度快、流量少的特点。     

山东高岭土矿成矿特征及成矿规律探讨

山东省已发现高岭土矿床18处,分为沉积型和风化残积型2种类型.沉积型高岭土矿受沉积作用的控制,石炭系-二叠系是其主要赋矿层位,广泛发育于鲁中地区北部的各煤田中.风化残积型高岭土矿则以中、小型矿床和矿点的形式零星分布于鲁南和鲁东各地.本文总结了山东省高岭土矿的成矿特征和成矿模式,通过典型矿床详细介绍了高岭土矿的矿体特征和...     

深地震测深在国内的发展与应用现状研究

通过关键词共现分析方法,对深地震测深技术在国内的发展及其应用现状进行研究。结果表明,深地震测深资料处理以二维动力学射线追踪的正反演方法为主,三维地壳结构模型的构建方法则以改进的克里金插值方法为主;深地震测深可用于揭示孕震构造环境,但对区域地壳结构与地震发生规律和活动性的总结较少;在地震测深成果方面,包括地壳结构类型和地壳厚度等,与地热、金属以及油气矿产资源的形成密切相关,但是目前尚未形成能够服务于矿产资源勘查的成果库和数据产品;海洋深部探测是目前深地震测深方法应用的热点,应当加强海陆联合地震观测,充分发挥两种观测模式的优势。     

Tidal effects on temperature front in the Yellow Sea

Temperature front (TF) is one of the important features in the Yellow Sea, which forms in spring, thrives in summer, and fades in autumn as thermocline declines. TF intensity ⋎S _T ⋎ is defined to describe the distribution of TF. Based on the MASNUM wave-tide-circulation coupled model, temperature distribution in the Yellow Sea was simulated with and without tidal effects. Along 36°N, distribution of TF from the simulated results are compared with the observations, and a quantitative analysis is introduced to evaluate the tidal effects on the forming and maintaining processes of the TF. Tidal mixing and the circulation structure adapting to it are the main causes of the TF. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. G1999043809) and the National Science Foundation of China (No. 49736190).