柴达木盆地中深层混积岩储层形成机制

通过岩心观测、普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、电子探针和岩石物性等分析,系统阐述了柴达木盆地典型中深层(西北区南翼山构造E₃²-N₁)混积岩的岩石学、储集空间/物性和成岩作用等特征,在此基础上讨论了储层形成机制。结果表明,混积岩以(泥质)泥晶灰岩、钙质含量较高的砂岩和粉砂岩及其混积岩为主;储集空间以溶蚀改造的裂缝和粒间溶蚀孔隙为特征,物性总体表现为低孔-特低孔、超低渗-非渗透;有利于形成储层的成岩作用是溶蚀和构造裂缝作用;储层形成机制可归纳为"岩性是基础,裂缝是条件,溶蚀是关键"。这可为区域中深层混积岩储层,乃至陆相湖泊混合沉积储层的研究与油气勘探开发提供借鉴与参考。     

Sediment routing hypothesis for pool‐riffle maintenance

This paper provides comprehensive evidence that sediment routing around pools is a key mechanism for pool‐riffle maintenance in sinuous upland gravel‐bed streams. The findings suggest that pools do not require a reversal in energy for them to scour out any accumulated sediments, if little or no sediments are fed into them. A combination of clast tracing using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging and bedload traps (positioned along the thalweg on the upstream riffle, pool entrance, pool exit and downstream riffle) are used to provide information on clast pathways and sediment sorting through a single pool‐riffle unit. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is also used to explore hydraulic variability and flow pathways. Clast tracing results provide a strong indication that clasts are not fed through pools, rather they are transported across point bar surfaces, or around bar edges (depending upon previous clast position, clast size, and event magnitude). Spatial variations in bedload transport were found throughout the pool‐riffle unit. The pool entrance bedload trap was often found to be empty, when the others had filled, further supporting the notion that little or no sediment was fed into the pool. The pool exit slope trap would occasionally fill with sediment, thought to be sourced from the eroding outer bank. CFD results demonstrate higher pool shear stresses (τ ≈ 140 N m^–2) in a localized zone adjacent to an eroding outer bank, compared to the upstream and downstream riffles (τ ≈ 60 N m^–2) at flows of 6 · 2 m³ s^–1 (≈ 60% of the bankfull discharge) and above. There was marginal evidence for near‐bed velocity reversal. Near‐bed streamlines, produced from velocity vectors indicate that flow paths are diverted over the bar top rather than being fed through the thalweg. Some streamlines appear to brush the outer edge of the pool for the 4 · 9 m³ s^–1 to 7 · 8 m³ s^–1 (between 50 and 80% of the bankfull discharge) simulations, however complete avoidance was found for discharges greater than this. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Belowground carbon balance and carbon accumulation rate in the successional series of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest

The belowground part of terrestrial ecosystem is a huge carbon pool. It is believed that of the total 2500Gt carbon stored in global terrestrial ecosystem, soil carbon storage within the 1 m surface layer ac- counts for 2000Gt, which is 4-fold of vegetation car- bon storage[1,2]. Compared with the carbon in the vegetation, carbon in the deep soil layers is much more stable, and it will stay in soil profile permanentlyunless geological vicissitude occurs. Essentially, forest restoration is the…     

北祁连蛇绿岩的特征、形成环境及其构造意义

文中总结了北祁连蛇绿岩的特征，指出北祁连蛇绿岩大多具有ＭＯＲＢ的性质，有玻安岩产出，形成在弧后和岛弧环境。北祁连蛇绿岩大多侵位在岛弧增生楔或活动陆缘地体之上，蛇绿岩属于科迪勒拉型，早古生代的北祁连造山带属于科迪勒拉型造山带。部分蛇绿岩之上整合产出一套沉积－火山岩系，称为蛇绿岩的上覆岩系。指出蛇绿岩及其上覆岩系的枕状熔岩分别来自不同的源区，具有不同的构造意义。还讨论了北祁连早古生代板块构造格局，认为北祁连洋盆属于古亚洲洋的一部分，可能曾经是一个较大规模的洋盆。献中通常把它当成增生或俯冲杂岩带的一部分来看待〔１３，１６－１７〕；大岔大坂蛇绿岩带，其向两侧的延伸情况不清楚；九个泉（或塔墩沟）蛇绿岩带，向东可连到景泰县老虎山蛇绿岩，有人认为，向西可与榆树沟蛇绿岩相连〔２０〕。早先认为，北祁连存在新元古代、中寒武和早－中奥陶世三个时代的蛇绿岩〔２，１１〕，经过多年研究，目前大多数同意蛇绿岩主要是晚寒武－奥陶纪的〔１３，１６〕。图１北祁连早古生代蛇绿岩分布图１．前寒武纪基底；２．俯冲杂岩带；３．蛇绿岩。图中数字：１．九个泉；２．大岔大坂；３．边马沟；４．玉石沟；５．小八宝；６．百经寺；７．老虎山；８．榆树沟山２北祁连几     

广东省气象卫星遥感数据资源池设计与应用

气象卫星数据是遥感应用的核心基石,遥感业务平台是遥感应用的重要技术手段。本文利用广东省气象局数据中心分布式NAS存储,分设FY 3D、FY 4A数据资源池,通过数据同步和用户管理技术,设计了面向桌面级业务应用的广东省气象卫星数据资源池V1.0。利用SMART和SWAP两大气象遥感应用系统,各级业务人员可快速制作气象卫星遥感监测和评估产品。通过上述“云+端”的遥感业务架构,有效解决气象遥感数据不易获取的难题和遥感应用的技术壁垒,为推进省、市、县级气象卫星遥感业务一体化提供了一定的应用示范和参考价值。     

西风爆发时赤道西太平洋的热量平衡：个例分析

The responses of sea surface temperature (SST) in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool to the west erly wind bursts (WWBs) play an important role in the relationship between WWB and ENSO. By using da ta collected from eight buoys of TOGA (Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere)-COARE (Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment), the heat balances of the upper ocean in the western equatorial Pacific around 0°. 156°E during two WWB events were calculated according to Stevenson and Niiler＇s (1983) method. In both events, SST increased before and after the WWBs, while decreased within the WWBs. The SST amplitudes approximated to l℃. Although sometimes the horizontal heat advections may become the biggest term in the heat balance, the variation of SST was dominated by the surface heat flux. On the other aspect, some different features of the two events are also revealed. The two cases have different variation of mixed layer depth. The depth of mixed layer is almost double in the first case (35 m to 70 m), which is caused by Ekman convergence, while only 10m increments due to entrainment in the second one. There are also differences in the currents structure. The different variations of thermal and currents struc ture in the mixing layers accounted for the different variation of the heat balance during the two events, es pecially the advection and residue terms. The seasonal variation of SST in this area is also investigated sim ply. The first WWB event happened just during the seasonal transition. So we considered that it is a normal season transition rather than a so-called anomaly. That also suggested that the seasonal distinction of the WWB is worthy of more attention in the researches of its relationship to ENSO.     

一个大羊环流模式中赤道西太平洋暖池海面温度对西风爆发的响应

用逐日的欧洲中期数值预报中心再分析(ERA)风应力,和由Haney公式结合ERA海表资料与预报海温计算出的热通量强迫一个全球大洋环流模式.并用逐日的模拟结果与TOGA-COARE(Tropical Ocean--Global Atmosphere--Coupled Ocean-AtmosphereResponse Experiment)浮标观测资料对比,分析模拟结果中暖池海区上层海洋热量平衡对西风爆发(WWB)的响应.在第一次WWB过程中,模拟与观测的主要差异在WWB期间,而造成差异的原因主要是模式中由下沉运动引起的增温和由强的纬向温度梯度引起的暖平流.初步认为下沉增温可能是差分格式本身和模式分辨率不足造成的.从热量平衡的结果看,第二次WWB事件的模拟比第一次更成功,两次差异可能与两次WWB事件的季节背景不同有关.     

赤道东太平洋海温与我国江淮流域夏季旱涝的成因分析

对赤道东太平洋和西太平洋暖池海温与江淮流域夏季降水的关系作功率谱分析和相关分析.指出秋冬季增暖的厄尔尼诺事件对应江淮流域夏季降水偏多, 春夏季开始发展的ENSO事件江淮流域夏季降水偏少.对两种在不同季节增暖的ENSO事件对应的异常流场特征及其对江淮流域降水的影响用1991年和1994年实例作对比分析.不同季节增暖的ENSO事件在太平洋热带地区环流调整的不同阶段可能是影响夏季风活动和东亚夏季天气气候异常的主要原因.     

梅雨锋上两类中尺度对流系统形成的边界层特征

采用具有较高时空分辨率的地面观测资料以及WRF（Weather reasearch and forecasting）模式输出资料,分析了2009年6月29一-30日梅雨锋暴雨过程中两类不同的中尺度对流系统（rnesoscale convective system,MCS）边界层特征及边界层对两类MCS的触发维持机理,重点分析了海平面气压场特征、边界层冷池、干线及其在MCS中的影响。结果表明：两类中尺度对流系统的海平面气压特征存在着明显的差异,对流爆发阶段地面风场存在辐合线,再次激发阶段气压场呈“跷跷板”型的中尺度扰动,即由前置中低压和后置中高压组成,最强的对流带位于中低压和中高压之间的过渡区内;边界层辐合线是第一类中尺度对流系统（MCSl）维持的重要因素;MCSl爆发后边界层冷池生成,冷池前的冷出流与低层环境风产生的强辐合触发了第二类中尺度对流系统（MCS2）;存在于中低压和中高压之间的中尺度干线是MCS2的重要特点之一。     

A DIAGNOSTIC STUDY OF THE TELECONNECTION ASSOCIATED WITH THE WARM POOL OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC AND ASIAN MONSOON DURING EL NINO AND NON-EL NINO YEARS

Based on the monthly mean OLR, geopotential height and wind data from the NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed data sets for 1982-1996, the atmospheric teleconnection associated with the warm pool of the tropical western Pacific and Asian monsoon region during E1 Nino and non-El Niño years are studied diagnostically in this paper. It is found that, the teleconnection pattern caused by the activity of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) emanates from the Asian monsoon region to the tropical eastern Pacific via the Aleutians in summer of the El Niño years. In the non-El Niño years, however, the ASM-related teleconnection pattern stretches northward and westward from the Asian monsoon region, exerting its influences mainly on the circulation over middle and high latitude rather than that over the tropical eastern Pacific. Evidences also show that the anomalous convection over the tropical western Pacific warm pool leads to the East Asia/Pacific(EAP) teleconnection pattern during the non-El Niño years. It is interesting to note that the teleconnection in the 500 height field associated with the warm pool convection disappears in the El Niño years. The differences of the teleconnection pattern between the El Niño years and the non-El Niño years suggest that the activities of the ASM and the convection over the warm pool of the tropical western Pacific, the most energetic weather events in boreal summer, are intertwined and interactive with other global-scale circulation in different ways under different climate backgrounds.