一步离子交换-多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高钙生物样品的硼同位素组成

硼是生物样品(牙齿或骨骼)中重要的微量元素,其含量和同位素组成可以指示宿主的食物摄入、迁移和健康信息,因此生物样品中的硼同位素是重要的环境示踪剂。但生物样品中钙含量较高(90%),无法采用常规的硼特效树脂分离流程进行硼同位素的分离富集。本文采用醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液(pH=6.0)替代以往使用的氨水作为树脂再生溶液,将硼特效树脂吸附硼的pH值从8～9降至6.0,从而避免了富含钙的生物样品在碱性条件下(pH=8～9)容易生成沉淀的难题,只需一步离子交换就能富集生物样品中的硼。样品经分离后其中的硼同位素采用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)的"标准-样品-标准"交叉法进行测定。结果表明:采用一步离子交换法分离富集,MC-ICP-MS测定生物样品(牙齿)中硼同位素的测试精度小于0.42‰,达到与其他分离和测试方法相同的水平。该方法不仅适用于牙齿和骨骼等高钙生物样品的硼同位素示踪,且为高钙土壤和海洋沉积物样品的分析提供了借鉴。     

河口沼泽土壤醋酸发酵途径产生的甲烷及基质添加对甲烷产生的刺激作用

采集闽江口鳝鱼滩优势植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)、短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis Lam.var.brevifolius Bocklr)和互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)沼泽的土壤样品,添加土壤醋酸发酵途径产甲烷的特殊抑制剂——磷酸盐缓冲液以及不同甲烷产生...     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯的研究

研究了以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂、以无水氯化钙为吸水剂,催化合成乙酸异戊酯的新方法,探讨了酯化反应的条件。结果表明,对甲苯磺酸具有较高的催化活性,在最佳条件下,酯产率可达９４％以上,产品质量符合要求。本方法操作简便、反应时间短、反应条件易控制、无污染。     

复合固体超强酸催化合成醋酸正丁酯的研究

研究了以复合型固体超强酸为催化剂率合成醋酸正丁酯,探讨了酯化反应条件和催化剂的制作工艺对酯产生率的影响,实验结果表明,复合型固体超强酸（ＳＯ＾２－４／ＺｒＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）具有较高的催化活性和选择性,在最佳工艺条件下醌产率可达９６％,产品质量符合国标要求,该工艺操作简便,条件易控制,对环境无污染。     

Kinetic Studies of OH and O3 Reactions with Allyl and Isopropenyl Acetate

Rate coefficients have been measured for the gas phasereactions of hydroxyl (OH) radicals and ozone with twounsaturated esters, allyl acetate(CH₃C(O)OCH₂CH=CH₂) and isopropenylacetate (CH₃C(O)OC(CH₃)=CH₂). The OHexperiments were carried out using the pulsed laserphotolysis – laser induced fluorescence technique overthe temperature range 243–372 K and the kinetic dataused to derive the following Arrhenius expressions (inunits of cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1): allylacetate, k ₁ = (2.33 ± 0.27) ×10^-12 exp[(732 ± 34)/T]; and isopropenyl acetate,k ₂ = (4.52 ± 0.62) × 10^-12exp[(809 ± 39)/T]. At 298 K, the rate coefficients obtained (inunits of 10^-12 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1)are: k ₁ = (27.1 ± 3.0) and k ₂= (69.6± 9.4). The relative rate technique has been usedto determine rate coefficients for the reaction ofozone with the acetates. Using methyl vinyl ketone asthe reference compound and a value of4.8 × 10^-18 cm³ molecule^-1s^-1 asthe rate coefficient for its reaction with O₃,the following rate coefficients were derived at 298 ± 4 K (in units of10^-18 cm³molecule^-1 s^-1): allyl acetate, (2.4 ± 0.7) andisopropenyl acetate (0.7 ± 0.2). Theresults are discussed in terms of structure-activityrelationships and used to derive atmospheric lifetimesfor the acetates.     

化探样品中微量铀的示波极谱测定

在醋酸－醋酸钠－铜铁试剂一二苯胍体系中对微量铀进行极谱测定。在峰电位为－１．１７Ｖ，铀浓度在０．０５μｇ·ｍＬ￣（－１）－２μｇ·ｍＬ￣（－１）之间时铀的浓度与峰电流成线性关系。本方法选用碳酸铵小体积沉淀分离干扰元素，直接取其清液测定微量铀。最低检出限为０．０２μｇ·ｍＬ￣（－１）。     

Carbon and hydrogen isotopic characteristics of natural gases from the Luliang and Baoshan basins in Yunnan Province, China

The Luliang and Baoshan basins are two small ba- sins in Yunnan Province. In the recent ten years or so, there have been found a number of natural gas pools of commercial importance in the two basins. Although the gas pools are small in size, the natural …     

古里雅冰芯中生物有机酸的初步分析

甲酸、乙酸是全球对流层中普遍存在的化学成分,它们对偏远地区降水中的酸度有很大影响,降水中存在的甲酸、乙酸必然会在冰川和冰盖中保存下来．然而,目前很少有文章报道山地冰川中甲酸、乙酸的测定结果及环境意义．我们用离子色谱法测定了古里雅上部５ｍ冰芯中甲酸、乙酸的浓度,结果显示,甲酸、乙酸具有明显的季节变化,峰值一般对应于夏季层位,说明甲酸、乙酸的来源不同于阳离子,粉尘不是其主要来源．将甲酸、乙酸的记录与冰芯中δ１８Ｏ和阳离子的记录对比,得出甲酸具有较敏感的气候指示意义．     

兼养小球藻在不同浓度Fe3+培养下的蛋白质组学研究

为研究小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)对不同浓度Fe~(3+)的响应,测定了自养和乙酸兼养小球藻在不同浓度Fe~(3+)条件下的生长速率和油脂含量,比较分析了兼养小球藻在不同浓度Fe~(3+)下的蛋白质组表达差异。结果表明,兼养小球藻比自养小球藻生长速率快,积累的生物量多,在缺铁条件下中性脂含量高。蛋白质组分析显示:在缺铁条件下光合作用相关蛋白含量最低;在缺铁和高浓度铁条件下,热激蛋白、蛋白合成和糖代谢等过程相关蛋白表达都下调,表明缺铁和高浓度铁条件对小球藻的生长都是逆境条件;在缺铁条件下氨基酸代谢相关蛋白表达上调,这可能是由于NO_3~–同化下降,氨基酸合成减少,需要进行氮的回收利用。上述结果表明:在兼养条件下缺铁培养的小球藻可获得较高生物量和中性脂含量;而高浓度铁能促进小球藻生长,但不能提高中性脂含量,对藻细胞也有一定的胁迫效应。     

Dissolution of hydroxide minerals in the 1 M sodium acetate,ph 5, extracting solution in sequential extraction schemes

Used extensively in exploration geology to simulate the natural weathering of mineral deposits, sequential extractions have found new use in environmental studies determining the processes governing metal transport in the environment as well as estimating the bioavailability of contaminants in soils, sediments and waste materials. Many extracting solutions and extraction sequences can be found in the literature and the abilities of any given extracting solution to solubilise a target component of a soil/sediment system is much debated. A study into the mechanisms of aqueous metal uptake by bauxite refinery residues (red mud) revealed the need to establish the selectivity of the sodium acetate solution used to extract metals from carbonates, an extracting solution common to most sequential extraction schemes. The phase extractability of copper and lead removed from solution by hydroxide and carbonate compounds was used to demonstrate and define the abilities of the sodium acetate extracting solution. The experiments in this study demonstrate that 1 M Na acetate, pH 5, also releases metals associated with hydroxide minerals. The impact of these findings will depend on the chemistry and mineralogy of the soil/sediment system or waste material studied.