Effect of polyvinyl acetate grout injection on geotechnical properties of fine sand

This laboratory project aims to investigate the influence of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) grout injection on sandy soil improvement. In order to make the polymeric material injectable through the soil particles, adhesive polymer is mixed with water in certain weight percentages. Fine grained sand with different dry densities in its loose, medium and dense state, is prepared in a cylindrical mould and subjected to this polymeric grout injection. Unconfined compression tests are conducted on grouted samples after passing their curing period. Results illustrate that increasing the polymer percent in grout leads to significant compressive strength and elastic modulus enhancement. On the other hand, by increasing grout concentration, loose sand demonstrated higher compressive strength and elastic modulus improvement in comparison with medium and dense sand.     

醋酸钾/偏高岭石插层复合材料的制备及机理研究

采用机械研磨法,成功制备了醋酸钾/偏高岭石插层复合材料.通过XRD、FTIR和TEM研究了插层前后偏高岭石结构的变化,提出了该复合材料的插层机理和结构模型:首先醋酸钾与水分子以配位键结合,然后通过机械研磨作用进入偏高岭石层间,并将偏高岭石片层撑开.当进行热处理时,水的挥发也会对偏高岭石片层起到撑开作用.最终导致偏高岭石被撑开、剥离.在插层复合材料中,醋酸根与偏高岭石的铝氧层通过水分子桥接方式连接,钾离子水合物为保持电中性,位于带负电的硅氧层附近.     

Mg2+掺杂对正极材料LiFePO4/C结构和电化学性能的影响

以乙酸镁为镁源,用LiOH.H2O、Fe(NO3)3.9H2O、NH4H2PO4为原料通过水溶液法制备了掺杂Mg2+的LiFePO4/C正极材料。用XRD、SEM、恒流充放电测试、循环伏安(CV)和交流阻抗谱(EIS)方法,研究了Mg2+掺杂对LiFePO4/C的结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,Mg2+掺杂没有改变LiFePO4橄榄石型的结构;在0.1 C(1C=170 mAh.g-1)的充放电倍率下,Mg2+掺杂使正极材料首次放电比容量从153 mAh.g-1提高到159 mAh.g-1,经20循环次后,容量无损失;电化学交流阻抗显示,掺杂后材料阻抗Rct从463.1Ω减小到322.8Ω。     

Characterization of Organic Acids in Dew Collected on Surrogate Surfaces

Levels of formate and acetate in dew were measured at Dayalbagh, India, usingsurrogate surfaces. The dew formed per night ranged between 0.06 lm^–2 and 1.38 l m^–2, with an average of 0.59l m^–2. pH ranged between 6.7 and 7.4. Mean concentrations offormate and acetate in dew were 10.2 ± 10.2 eql^–1 and 7.5 ± 4.5 eq l^–1,respectively. The correlation coefficient between the two ions was 0.80 (p =0.001), which suggested that concentrations of these species in dew are linkedtogether. They have either common or different sources with fairly constantstrengths or products of same reaction. Good correlation of formate andacetate with Ca (r = 0.82 and r = 0.70, respectively) and Mg (r = 0.74 and r= 0.71, respectively) suggested that these ions may be associated with Ca andMg after the neutralization process. Deposition rates for formate and acetatein dew per night were 10.2 ± 7.22 mol m^–2 pernight and 4.6 ± 2.2 mol m^–2 per night,respectively. The theoretical Henry's law constant (K^* _H)and the field-observed Henry's law coefficient (K^* _H) ascalculated from concurrent measurements of gas phase and dew for both acidsshowed large discrepancies of three orders of magnitude.     

The photo-oxidations of propyl acetates in synthetic air-HONO-NO x mixtures: Product formation studies and proposed kinetic mechanisms

The formation of products following the hydroxyl radical initiated photo-oxidations of n-and isopropyl acetates has been studied. Mixtures of synthetic air containing a few ppm of nitrous acid, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and one of the propyl acetates were irradiated with sunlamps in a Teflon bag smog chamber. The decay of reactants and the formation of products was monitored by chemiluminescent analysis or by gas chromatography. The major primary products from the photo-oxidation of n-propyl acetate are acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde while from isopropyl acetate they are acetone and methyl nitrate. It was not possible to analyse for formaldehyde, an expected primary product in these systems. The nature and distribution of products indicate that a significant fraction of primary products arise from decomposition reactions of the alkoxy-type radicals generated following the initial attack of hydroxyl radicals on the esters. The derived reaction stoichiometries (molecules of NO oxidised per molecule of ester reacted) are also consistent with the proposed mechanisms.     

Formate and acetate levels compared in monsoon and winter rainwater at Dayalbagh, Agra (India)

A total of 59 rainwater samples were collected during the winter and monsoon (1991–92) at Dayalbagh, Agra. This site is relatively free from the influence of anthropogenic emissions and the volume-weighted average concentrations (VWA) of formate in the winter and monsoon were 22.5±6, 16.1±3 while acetate VWAs were 17.1±5 and 13.8±3 mol l^-1, respectively. Although the VWAs varied between seasons, it was not statistically different. Total deposition (in mmol m^-2) varied between season (winter formate, 1.4; acetate, 1.1; monsoon formate, 7.4; acetate, 6.4). A difference in VWA values may have occurred as a result of the dilution factor; the total rain depth from collected samples in the monsoon was 46 cm while that in winter was 6.3 cm. Sources at this site may be anthropogenic and natural; scavenging from the vapour phase, washout of soil particles and emissions from vegetative sources are probably important sources for formate and acetate.     

四片藻利用无机碳和氮源生长的研究

研究了四片藻 (Tetraselmissp.)利用无机碳、氮源生长的情况 ,结果表明 ,四片藻以利用乙酸盐和脲生长最好 ,其最佳浓度分别为 1 .2g·L- 1 和 0 .6g·L- 1 。以总脂和脂肪酸组成为例 ,比较了基本培养基、有机碳、氮源培养基和无机碳、氮源培养基对四片藻生长和生化组成的影响 ,结果表明 ,在光培养条件下 ,上述各培养基对四片藻生长的影响差别很大 ,培养 7d ,有机和无机碳、氮源培养基中的细胞浓度分别为基本培养基中细胞浓度的 3.2倍和 2 .4倍 ;总脂含量以添加有机或无机碳、氮源培养基的较高 ,分别占细胞干重的 9.7%和 1 0 .3 % ;上述各培养基对脂肪酸组成与含量的影响差别不大。     

Phototropic adjustment of the foliaceous coral Echinopora lamellosa in Palau

We tested the hypothesis that foliose plates of Echinopora lamellosa (Esper, 1795) adjust their primary growth direction (or slope from the horizontal) when irradiance (light) is limiting. This hypothesis was tested at a coral-reef locality that is shaded daily by steep adjacent hills, restricting direct light to only a few hours each day (Iwayama Bay, Palau). The angle at which colonies received maximum light was measured using acetate film, and was compared with modeled estimates (using a simple global-light model). We show strong relationships between light and primary-colony gradients; with the foliose plates acting as parabolic antennae, predictably adjusting their primary gradients to optimize light capture.     

乙酸铵交换-全自动凯氏定氮法测定贵州某地区耕地土壤阳离子交换量

：为分析无机结合料稳定铁尾矿用作半刚性路面基层的水稳定性,对铁尾矿进行筛分,通过测定改良铁尾矿混合料的液限、塑限,确定无机结合料稳定类型,按二级及二级以下公路路面基层的集料级配要求改良铁尾矿,以击实试验确定无机结合料稳定时最佳含水率和最大干密度,然后用半刚性基层冲刷量灰色预估模型计算并分析其抗冲刷性。结果表明：铁尾矿为特细集料,液限为19%,塑性指数为11,宜采用水泥进行稳定,掺加级配碎石改良铁尾矿满足CC3集料级配要求,当水泥剂量为5%时能够取得良好的抗冲刷性能和经济性。     

PVA-ECC加固桥墩抗震性能试验与数值研究

为了全面研究工程水泥基复合材料（ECC）加固桥墩的抗震性能,对采用聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥基复合材料（PVA-ECC）加固的桥墩进行了拟静力试验。并基于有限元分析软件OpenSees建立了数值模型,通过对比数值模拟结果与试验结果,验证有限元分析的有效性,在此基础上对PVA-ECC加固桥墩进行数值参数分析,探讨轴压比、新旧材料厚径比及体积配箍率变化对桥墩抗震性能的影响规律。结果表明:数值模拟的滞回曲线与骨架曲线和试验基本吻合;与普通混凝土桥墩相比,新旧材料厚径比为0.10时,即可获得优异的延性性能,ECC加固的桥墩变形性能显著提升,极限位移提高,滞回曲线更加饱满,抗震性能更加优异。对于高轴压比情况,为了确保ECC加固桥墩的延性性能,应根据实际情况增加新旧材料厚径比;ECC材料可部分替代箍筋作用,适用于箍筋配置不足的桥墩加固,PVA-ECC具有较好的工程抗震加固的作用。