湿法消解预处理地电化学泡塑样品有效性研究

灰化法和微波消解法作为地电化学泡塑样品的预处理方法适用于多数元素,但二者都存在局限性,如灰化法的高温加热过程会造成As、Hg等元素的损失影响测定结果,微波消解法则因用样量小(0.1 g),存在样品代表性和检出限方面的问题。湿法消解是一种传统的样品预处理方法,具有消解完全、元素损失量低、样品代表性好等优点,可以有效解决以上两种方法的不足。但因为加入高氯酸消解泡塑(有机物)样品过程中易爆炸和酸空白等问题,一直没有在泡塑样品的预处理中得到推广。本文选取内蒙古洛恪顿热液型铅锌多金属矿床一条地电化学勘查剖面,用20 m L硝酸+5 m L高氯酸和5 m L王水对泡塑样品(约0.5 g)进行预处理,氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法和高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定元素含量。结果表明:大多数元素的空白含量都比较低,地球化学剖面图上有良好的异常显示;湿法消解处理泡塑样品是可行的,分析泡塑样品主要使用这种预处理方法。     

应用能量色散X荧光衍射仪分析海绵元素组成

通过能量色散X荧光衍射仪（EDXRF）对3种南海潮间带海绵：细薄星芒海绵Stelletta tenui（Lindgren）、澳大利亚厚皮海绵Craniella australiensis （Carter）和多皱软海绵Halichondria hugosa （Ridley＆Dendy）的元素组成和含量进行了研究,并与两种黄海潮间带海绵进行了比较。结果表明,海绵体内的元素组成受种属差异的影响较大,溴元素的含量可能同一定的活性物质产生相关。另外,不同海绵具有骨针形态的多样性,为深入研究内部合成机制提供了材料。     

A new species of the glass sponge genus Walteria (Hexactinell-ida: Lyssacinosida: Euplectellidae) from northwestern Pacific seamounts,providing a biogenic microhabitat in the deep sea

We report on a hexactinellid sponge new to science, Walteria demeterae sp. nov., which was collected from the northwestern Pacific seamounts at depths of 1 271–1 703 m. Its tubular and basiphytous body, extensive lateral processes, numerous oval lateral oscula which are irregularly situated in the body wall, the presence of microscleres with oxyoidal, discoidal and onychoidal outer ends, and the absence of anchorate discohexasters,indicate it belongs to the genus Walteria of family Euplectellida...     

NaDDC泡塑富集火焰原子吸收法测定天然水中痕量镉

本文将NaDDC—泡塑用于分离富集天然水中的痕量镉。对富集和洗脱条件、共存离子的影响及干扰的消除作了详细研究。试验结果表明,在pH8—10的氨性环境,以柠檬酸和酒石酸作掩蔽剂,NaDDC—泡塑可定量富集天然水中的痕量镉。每克NaDDC—泡塑对镉的饱和富集容量高达45mg。富集于NaDDC—泡塑上的镉用2％磺基水杨酸在沸水浴中定量洗脱后,可直接用火焰AAS法测定。     

The Association of Ophiothrix lineata and Callyspongia vaginalis: A Brittlestar-Sponge Cleaning Symbiosis?

Abstract. The relationship between a sponge, Callyspongia vaginalis, and an associated brittlestar, Ophiothrix lineata, was examined for mutualistic symbiotic interaction. Cinematography, feeding experiments, and analyses of stomach contents reveal that O. lineata (unlike other Ophiothrix species) is a non-selective deposit feeder. Its diet consists of detrital particles adhering to the sponge, which are too large to be utilized by the sponge as food. Thus, the brittlestar cleans the inhalent surface of the sponge as it feeds. Since siltation interferes with sponge pumping-activity, it is suggested that the cleaning behavior of O. lineata may enhance the filtration capability of C. vaginalis. In situ elapsed-time films show that brittlestars expose their arms when they feed, suggesting that they feed only at night because of a need to avoid diurnal predators. Manipulative experiments show that residence in C. vaginalis protects O. lineata from predatory fish. A comparison of the incidence of arm regeneration for brittlestars residing on C. vaginalis, and on a toxic sponge, Neofibularia nolitangere, indicates that factors other than sponge toxicity are involved in protecting sponge-dwelling brittlestars.     

Macrofauna Associated With Sponge Species of Different Morphology

Abstract. The macrofaunas associated with the three morphologically different North Aegean Sea sponge species Agelas oroides, Aplysina aerophoba , and Axinella cannabina were compared. The faunal abundance was not related to sponge surface area for any of the three species. Each sponge species supported a significantly different number of individuals per unit canal volume; A. aerophoba supported the most, A. oroides the least. A. aerophoba supported the highest species richness, A. cannabina the lowest. Canal volume was a good predictor of associated faunal abundance and species richness for two of the three sponge species. Faunal abundance was also directly related to sponge mean canal diameter. The species composition of associated fauna was similar on A. aerophoba and A. oroides and significantly different on A. cannabina .     

Efficient computation method for two-dimensional nonlinear waves

I~IOWNUmerics wave tank is a ~ tOOl by which variouS nonlinear wave - ac interactionpwhleln can be treated in time domain. As the face stage, we f~ our efforts on the devious of an effita saution tee~ of fully nofor waves. aam numtried of water - wavesconnected PwhlemS, es~ in a wave tank, is alwayS comas Of PartS: wave generation, P~ and a~. The effi~ Of a nUm~ wave tankdepends not Only on the qwhty Of the wave abotion tecboaue, which allowS the lOng times~ and keePS finite tank leng…     

Palaeogeographical influence on Late Eocene biosiliceous sponge-rich sedimentation, southern Western Australia

Late Eocene nearshore shallow-marine environments within the Bremer and western Eucla Basins of southern Western Australia were characterized by the thick deposition of spongolite and spiculite deposits. Epibenthic sponge communities dominated estuaries and topographically complex basin margin embayments-archipelagos, while cool-water carbonates with up to 10% sponges accumulated in open-shelf environments. The transition from a biosiliceous to calcareous epibenthos was related to the degree of palaeogeographical 'protection'. Within basement-protected embayments there was an offshore gradation from shoreface spongolite and pure spiculite to a muddy spiculite facies towards central embayment areas. Calcareous fossils are rare throughout embayment facies, but rapidly increase in more open outer archipelago areas. This depositional relationship occurred along 2000 km of the Late Eocene southern Australian coastline. Palaeogeographical protection from strong currents acted in concert with: (1) a planar, low-gradient inland topography with sluggish run-off, supplying fine-grained sediment, nutrients, and abundant dissolved silica; and (2) a microtidal setting, weak to moderate swells and opposing wind and Coriolis surface current forcing, which inhibited water exchange between embayments-estuaries and the open shelf. This situation led to an embayment water chemistry that encouraged prolific sponge growth. Calcareous spiculites record the mixing front between these embayment waters and normal open-shelf waters supporting cool-water carbonates.     

Preliminary paleolimnological study of rocha lagoon, SE Uruguay

Physical, chemical and biological data from a sedimentary profile of Rocha lagoon (Uruguay) are presented. Analyses of silica remains showed that opal phytoliths, diatoms, sponge spicules and chrysophyte cysts were the most important contributors to biogenic silica. Organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were used to infer past trophic development. Physical analysis of sediments allowed us to identify five lithological units related to sea level variation and climatic events.