多金属结核海底照片的图象识别与处理

NIRS是结核海底照片的处理系统。照片具点光源特征,中间亮边部暗,依光强与射线距离平方成反比的关系将其校正为平行光源照片;模式识别综合利用灰度、形状等特征分割图象与背景,圈定结核,然后计算覆盖率、估算丰度,以数据库存储管理信息。配置了1850DPI底片扫描仪,显示图象清晰。分析了DY851,DY853航次照片处理结果,划分出五种照片类型,提出了系统的最佳使用方法,讨论了照片处理质量的评价方法。     

Precipitation of Fe and Al compounds from the acid mine waters in the dogyae area, Korea: A qualitative measure of equilibrium modeling applicability and neutralization capacity?

To investigate the applicability of equilibrium modeling for the estimation of the chemical changes of acid mine waters, the phases predicted to precipitate by equilibrium calculation were compared with what actually precipitates from the stream and acid mine waters in the Dogyae area, Korea. The computer program MINTEQA2 was used for the equilibrium calculations based on the chemical compositional data of the water samples collected in the study area. XRD, IR, thermal and chemical analyses of the collected precipitates were performed to identify their phases.The results of the identification of the collected precipitates are inconsistent with what the equilibrium calculations predict. The equilibrium calculations indicate that ferrihydrite, FeOHSO₄, gibbsite, and AlOHSO₄ should precipitate from the stream and acid mine waters in the study area. However, the experimental analyses show that only ferrihydrite and Al₄(OH)₁₀SO₄ are the recognizable precipitates on the bottom of the stream and mine drainage channels. Comparing the stability relations among the possible precipitates with the field occurrence of the precipitates in the study area suggests that FeOHSO₄ and AIOHSO₄ are kinetically inhibited to precipitate and metastable ferrihydrite and Al₄(OH)₁₀SO₄ appear in their stability field instead. It indicates that the chemical compositional change of the waters due to the solid phase precipitation in the study area must be interpreted and predicted in terms of the precipitation of not the phases predicted by the equilibrium calculation but the actually identified ones.Assuming that the dissolved species in the aqueous phase are in equilibrium with respect to the currently precipitating solid phases in the study area, the water chemistries are attempted to interpret based on the plot of the theoretically calculated activities of the dissolved species on the stability diagram for the identified precipitates and gibbsite. The plot reveals a few evolution paths of the chemical composition of the acid mine water as the acid generation and neutralization progress. The evolution path producing ferrihydrite and then Al₄(OH)₁₀SO₄ precipitation suggests that the system including acid producing pyrite has lost significant amounts of its neutralizing capacity and thus, become intolerable to the impacts from acid mine water.     

湖南柿竹园矽卡岩-云英岩型W-Sn-Mo-Bi矿床地质和成矿作用

柿竹园钨多金属矿床由三个阶段不同成矿作用复合叠加而形成。它们分别与似斑状黑云母花岗岩、等粒黑云母花岗岩和花岗斑岩脉有着成因联系。第一阶段矿化包括含矿块状外质矽卡岩和含矿退化蚀变岩；第二阶段为云英岩矿化，在空间上叠加于块状矽卡岩及外部的大理岩；第三阶段为与锰质矽卡岩相伴生的铅锌银矿化。本文详细地描述了前两阶段矿化的地质和成矿地球化学特征，并探讨了其成矿过程。在此基础上，建立了柿竹园矿床的多阶段成矿模     

采矿活动对生态环境的污染及治理

通过对国内、国外几个矿区的实例介绍，对历史上采矿活动中对生态环境的污染作了简要的叙述。表明采矿活动对生态环境的污染包括水系、岸边植物、水中微生物、鱼类以及地下水、农业、大气、土壤等，甚至直接危险人体健康，还叙述了采矿污染的原因并简要介绍了几种对采矿污染的治理方法。     

吉木乃地区金矿成矿作用、类型和成矿模式

本文深入阐述了新疆北部吉木乃地区金矿成矿作用的溶解，输运和沉淀成矿化学动力学机制，四种成矿类型和三层楼成矿模式。     

江西银山金铜多金属矿床韧性剪切带的识别及其意义

在大量的野外地质调查和室内研究的基础上，从宏观和微观两方面识别出银山金铜多金属矿床存在韧性剪切带，并对其在银山矿床形成过程中所起的作用进行了讨论，指出了今后的找矿方向     

地理信息系统在煤炭生产中的应用研究──煤矿地质测量信息系统（CMGIS）的开发

应用地理信息系统理论、技术和方法，针对煤炭生产管理中的地质测量问题，研究开发了煤矿地质测量信息系统（ＣＭＧＩＳ）。在分析ＣＭＧＩＳ系统目标的基础上，确立了符合煤炭生产管理实际需要的系统硬件配置和逻辑结构，着重论述了ＣＭＧＩＳ的软件组成及系统功能。ＣＭＧＩＳ较其它应用系统具有较强的图形功能，能较好地解决煤矿地质测量成图问题。     

试论土地侵蚀

建议用“土地侵蚀”一词取代“水土流失”这个术语．土地侵蚀是地球陆地表面的固体组成物质（岩土体）在内外营力和人为作用下，发生的风化、运移和堆积过程．按土地利用实情，土地侵蚀分为土壤侵蚀、矿山侵蚀、道路侵蚀、城镇侵蚀、岸坡侵蚀和本利用地侵蚀等．     

潞安矿区屯留井田断裂构造研究

屯留井田以逆断层发育为特色，本文讨论了了井田断层形态特征和断层展布规律，指出基底构造格局是控制本区煤田构造变形的基本因素，由此推断井田西部同样发育南北走向的逆断层。     

A comparison of rock mass disturbance in TBM and drill and blast drivages at the Donkin Mine,Nova Scotia

Summary The initial phase of the Donkin-Morien project involves the driving of two parallel tunnels through an interbedded sequence of coal measures strata to intersect the Harbour Seam which lies approximately 3.5 km offshore. The No. 2 tunnel was driven a total distance of 3579 m using a 7.6 m diameter full face shielded Lovat TBM and supported by steel ring beams. The No. 3 tunnel was initially driven a distance of 1027 m using conventional drill and blast methods (7.6 m wide by 5.3 m high with a uniradial arch and supported by rock bolts and shotcrete). The TBM was subsequently used to complete the drivage of the No. 3 tunnel to the Harbour Seam.Both the No. 2 and No. 3 tunnels followed a thick sandstone unit at a grade of –20% for the first 900 m. This provided an opportunity to compare the rock mass disturbance resulting from two different excavation methods. A programme of field and laboratory measurements was therefore undertaken, which included: the use of a borehole dilatometer to determinein situ rock modulus,in situ gas permeability testing, seismic reflection surveys on the tunnel walls, and the laboratory testing of core samples.The paper examines the four different techniques used and compares the results obtained.