云南元谋盆地干润变性土中次生方解石特征及形成

土壤新生体对于研究区域环境变化、营养元素释放以及次生成矿作用具有重要意义。利用化学分析、X射线衍射、偏光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜等探讨云南省元谋盆地干润变性土钙质结核中的次生方解石的特征和形成过程。结果表明，钙质结核中次生方解石含量高，晶形完整；钙质结核以及次生方解石形成既取决于气候，也与微地形有关。次生方解石的形成过程及特征反映了自全新世以来元谋盆地主要处于干热气候环境中。     

福建平和席坑一带土壤地球化学特征及成矿远景浅*析

通过综合分析平和席坑一带1∶1万土壤测量综合异常地球化学特征,及其成矿地质背景,认为平和席坑一带具有良好的锡钼铜矿找矿远景。     

罗甸南部多金属矿特征与成矿条件初步分析

罗甸南部位于右江造山带北缘,褶皱断层较为复杂,穹状构造发育,有利于多金属矿床形成。本文简要叙述该区多金属矿产特征,并对其成矿条件进行初步分析。     

微堆中子活化技术测定多金属结核和海洋沉积物中多元素

介绍了微堆中子活化法对多金属结核及其伴生海洋沉积物样品中痕量元素的测定条件,讨论了误差来源。实验结果给出了某些元素的地球化学特征,为研究多金属结核的形成提供了依据。     

Emplacement of xenolith nodules in the Kaupulehu lava flow,Hualalai Volcano,Hawaii

The basaltic Kaupulehu 1800–1801 lava flow of Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii contains abundant ultramafix xenoliths. Many of these xenoliths occur as bedded layers of semi-rounded nodules, each thinly coated with a veneer (typically 1 mm thick) of lava. The nodule beds are analogous to cobble deposits of fluvial sedimentary systems. Although several mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of the nodule beds, it was found that, at more than one locality, the nodule beds are overbank levee deposits. The geological occurrence of the nodules, certain diagnostic aspects of the flow morphology and consideration of the inferred emplacement process indicate that the Kaupulehu flow had an exceptionally low viscosity on eruption and that the flow of the lava stream was extremely rapid, with flow velocities of at least 10 m s^-1 (more than 40 km h^-1). This flow is the youngest on Hualalai Volcano and future eruptions of a similar type would pose considerable hazard to life as well as property.     

A Preliminary Study on the Preparation of Four Pacific Ocean Polymetallic Nodule and Sediment Reference Materials: GSPN-2, GSPN-3, GSMS-2 and GSMS-3

The research project for the preparation of two polymetallic nodule (GSPN-2, GSPN-3) and two marine sediment (GSMS-2, GSMS-3) reference materials was completed in 1996. The samples were collected from the Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean and prepared to less than 74 μm fine powder. The homogeneity of the materials was tested by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The relative standard deviations (RSD %) of measurements of selected elements in samples taken from thirty bottles selected at random were less than 0.5%. Thirty four laboratories worldwide participated in the collaborative analysis programme. The number of elements or constituents analysed was seventy nine for nodules and eighty one for sediments. Among those, sixty three elements were certified in each sample. The sum of major elements or components is 99.7% for GSPN-2, 99.5% for GSPN-3, 99.8% for GSMS-2 and 99.8% for GSMS-3.     

辽西-冀北地区多金属矿成矿流体碼质研究

本文探讨了辽西-冀北地区区域性的成矿流体性质、成矿物化条件和成矿物质来源。指出本区多金属矿床成矿流体具有如下特征：①流体成分中,阳离子以Na+、K+为主,阴离子以Cl-为主;流体盐度属中-低盐度流体,流体盐度的高低与成矿母液的来源、运移途径密切相关。②流体温度表明区内内生多金属矿床属中-高温成矿系列;成矿压力不仅与矿床产出深度密切相关,而且与赋矿构造的开放程度有关。③成矿流体的物化条件研究表明,区内大多数矿床形成于酸性条件,且其酸性随着成矿作用的进行而不断降低,pH值在5.8-8.14间变化;成矿作用于还原条件下进行,R值平均为0.655。④成矿物质来源：区内流体具有明显的岩浆水与天水的混合特征,表明了矿液的岩浆来源和围岩中成矿组分的叠加。     

Pelagic Manganese Nodules--A New Type of Oncolites

Pelagic manganese nodules from the East Pacific Ocean have been studied using polarizing,scanning electron and transmission electron microscopes. It has been revealed that the manganesenodules are composed of cores and stromatolite coatings. The structures and textures of thesenodules are peculiar to oncolite. Consequently, the pelagic manganese nodules are manganeseoncolites. Based on the stromatolites in the coatings, the manganese oncolites from the East Paci-fic Ocean can be divided into two types. One is smooth on surface and dense inside. Its coatingsare composed mainly of Minima. The other has a knobby surface and is loose internally. Itscoatings consist mainly of Admirabilis. The TEM investigation has also revealed that the con-structors of the manganese oncolites are ultra-microbes. The Minima is constructed byMiniactinomyces chinensis sp. nov. and the Admirabilis is built by Spirisosphaerospora pacifica sp.nov.     

钙锰矿的研究进展

钙锰矿是土壤、沉积物及海洋锰结核中常见的以3×3结构为主的一族大隧道构造氧化锰矿物.隧道中存在水分子和阳离子,形貌以片状、针状或纤维状为主.水钠锰矿→布塞尔矿→钙锰矿的转化是钙锰矿形成的一个重要途径.这种转化在常压条件下受体系温度、pH、共存粘土矿物、转化时间以及前驱物布塞尔矿亚结构特点,如层间交换离子类型、浓度、以水合离子形态或与MnO6八面体空穴上方键合的强弱、结晶度、Mn(Ⅲ)的含量与迁移特点等因素影响.钙锰矿独特的结构使其所具有的离子吸附、氧化与催化特性及分子级的隧道空间等有望作为特异的分子筛、二次电池正极材料、有机反应催化荆等在环境科学和材料科学等领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

冀北(京津)地区金(银)矿控矿条件浅析

冀北（京津）地区金（银）矿的成矿主要受古隆起及长期活动的东西向深大断裂带控制.在古隆起内部及边缘发育的近东西向和北东向深断裂的交汇部位,形成了多个金（银）等多金属矿化集中区.与金（银）矿成矿关系密切的岩浆活动主要为燕山期,其次为海西期.金（银）矿化多位于岩浆作用形成的中酸性岩体附近或岩体之间.太古宙变质岩系中的“角闪质”岩石的金（银）元素背景值普遍较高,为本区的主要矿源层,角闪岩相是含金（银）的主要岩相.金矿成矿为多期、多次叠加,主要成矿时代为海西期和燕山期,其中燕山期较为重要,是区域金、银、铜、铅、锌成矿的主要时期.