The Adsorption Behavior of Functional Particles Modified by Polyvinylimidazole for Cu(II) Ion

In this paper, a novel composite material the silica grafted by poly(N‐vinyl imidazole) (PVI), i.e., PVI/SiO₂, was prepared using 3‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPS) as intermedia through the “grafting from” method. The adsorption behavior of metal ions by PVI/SiO₂ was researched by both static and dynamic methods. Experimental results showed that PVI/SiO₂ possessed very strong adsorption ability for metal ions. For different metal ions, PVI/SiO₂ exhibited different adsorption abilities with the following order of adsorption capacity: Cu²⁺ > Cd²⁺ > Zn²⁺. The adsorption material PVI/SiO₂ was especially good at adsorbing Cu(II) ion and the saturated adsorption capacity could reach up to 49.2 mg/g. The empirical Freundlich isotherm was found to describe well the equilibrium adsorption data. Higher temperatures facilitated the adsorption process and thus increased the adsorption capacity. The pH and grafting amount of PVI had great influence on the adsorption amount. In addition, PVI/SiO₂ particles had excellent eluting and regenerating property using diluted hydrochloric acid solution as eluent. The adsorption ability trended to steady during 10 cycles.     

红岗油田复配聚合物溶液性能及作用机理

红岗113-3区块具有油藏厚度较大、平均渗透率较高和非均质性较严重等特征,比较适宜开展化学驱.针对油藏开发实际需求,利用仪器检测、物理模拟和理论分析方法,开展了对“复配”聚合物和“高分”聚合物增黏性、抗剪切性、耐温抗盐性、稳定性、分子线团尺寸分布、流变性和黏弹性等实验研究.结果表明,与相同条件下的“高分”聚合物溶液相比较,“复配”聚合物溶液增黏性、抗盐性和抗剪切性较强,相对分子质量分布较宽,阻力系数和残余阻力系数较大,扩大波及体积能力较强,与油藏孔隙间适应性更好.因此,推荐吉林红岗油田化学驱采用“复配”聚合物,其质量组成“超高∶高分∶中分”等于17∶60∶23.     

CFRP composite retrofitting effect on the dynamic characteristics of arch dams

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of retrofitting dynamic characteristics of a damaged laboratory arch dam model, subsequently repaired with high-strength structural mortar and strengthened with composite carbon fiber reinforced polymer. This study constructed in laboratory conditions is a prototype arch dam–reservoir–foundation model. Five test cases of ambient vibration on the arch dam model illustrate the changes in dynamic characteristics: natural frequency, mode shape, and damping ratio, before and after retrofitting. The ambient vibration tests collected data from the dam body during vibrations by natural excitations which provided small impacts and response signals from sensitivity accelerometers placed at crest points. Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition Method in the frequency domain extracts the experimental dynamic characteristics. At the end of the study, experimentally identified dynamic characteristics obtained from all test cases have been compared with each other. Apparently, after the retrofitting, the natural frequencies of the dam body increased considerably, demonstrating that the retrofitting, including repairing and strengthening is very effective on the flashback of initial dynamic characteristics.     

用有机粘土化学研究生油理论

有机粘土化学反应是自然界广泛存在的一种具有重要意义的反应。有机粘土化学因得到广泛应用和发展而被认为是２１世纪的科学。沉积物中的有机质绝大部分以粘土－有机质复合体形成存在。粘土吸附有机质是促使有机质富集和沉积的最重要因素。     

无机高分子絮凝剂絮凝机制的研究进展

近年来无机高分子絮凝剂的研究已成为水处理药剂研究的热点。本文概述近年来无机高分子絮凝剂絮凝机理的研究进展 ,包括我们所最近研制的三系列含水聚硅酸铝铁钠废水净化剂 ,它们的优缺点及其絮凝机理。重点阐明研制絮凝剂时通常采用共存阴离子和活性硅酸与铝盐或 /和铁盐的聚合作用 ,并探索絮凝剂中各组分对絮凝剂的絮凝效果的贡献。     

利用提钾废渣和粉煤灰制备矿物聚合材料的实验研究

利用富钾岩石提钾后的废渣代替硅酸钠 (钾 )、大部分高岭石和氢氧化钠 (钾 ) ,以粉煤灰为主要原料 ,制备出矿物聚合材料 ,并采用正交实验确定其优化工艺条件为 :煅烧高岭石用量为 10 %～ 15 % ,废渣用量约 35 % ,氢氧化钠用量为 5 %～ 6 %。代表性样品的 7d抗压强度可达到 4 0～ 5 0MPa ,耐酸性、耐碱性分别为 99.99%和 10 0 % ,密度1.77～ 1.88g/cm3 ,收缩率 0 .13%～ 0 .2 8% ,导热系数 0 .4 8～ 0 .5 1W/m·K ,平均硬度 3.4 3。X射线粉末衍射分析表明 ,由铝硅酸盐聚合反应形成的基体相呈非晶态。扫描电镜分析絮凝状的基体相与粉煤灰玻璃体结合紧密 ,从而为制品具备良好的力学性能提供了结构基础。该矿物聚合材料成本低廉 ,同时又能利用粉煤灰等工业固体废物而达到改善环境的目的     

聚合物驱油含水率变化及增加可采储量预测

根据试验区开发数据总结注聚合物驱油含水率变化规律。找到描述聚合物驱油见效后含水变化规律的数学模型。并根据该模型推导出预测和评价注聚合物驱油效果的方法，利用该方法得到的预测结果同后期实际生产数据之间误差很小，在对达到高含水期后的大庆油田进行提高剩余油采收率试验获得到成功，并在其他地区得到大规模地推广应用。     

P(AA-AM)/MMT预交联凝胶颗粒调剖技术

采用丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺在水溶液中二元共聚,并以钠基膨润土为无机添加剂,合成了抗温、抗盐性的预交联凝胶.最佳工艺条件如下:反应温度为40°C,反应时间为1 h,交联剂质量分数为0.07%,引发剂质量分数为0.1%,丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸的质量比为11∶2,丙烯酸中和度为80%,膨润土质量分数为7%.预交联凝胶在去离子水中的膨胀率达76 g/g,可抗温110°C,抗盐达150 g/L,在原油中浸泡15 d的收缩率为86%,堵水率大于90%,堵油率小于7%.该预交联凝胶具有良好的封堵选择性和调剖效果,可作为高温、高盐油水井的深部堵水调剖剂.     

Experimental investigation of conditions of lateral shear reinforcements in RC columns accompanied by buckling of longitudinal bars

This study presents a cyclic load test of four RC columns to obtain data on stresses and strains on lateral shear‐reinforcing bars that contact buckled longitudinal reinforcing bars. The specimens include columns laterally jacketed with all‐elastic fibre‐reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. The buckling lengths and modes in the longitudinal bars of the four column specimens stabilized at a buckling deflection (= lateral deformation of buckled longitudinal bar) from 0.3 to 0.6 mm. The yield portion ratio r_by of shear reinforcement around the buckled longitudinal bars was introduced as an index of the development of buckling conditions. Here, the yield portion ratio r_by was defined as the ratio of the length of the region where the shear reinforcements yield l_by, to the buckling length l_b. The r_by values of the tested columns ranged from 0.45 to 0.76. The test results show that the buckling stress and the specific compressive stress of the longitudinal bars in the columns were smaller than those of the bare bars. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.