全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3449篇 |
免费 | 531篇 |
国内免费 | 635篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 118篇 |
大气科学 | 672篇 |
地球物理 | 779篇 |
地质学 | 1628篇 |
海洋学 | 512篇 |
天文学 | 185篇 |
综合类 | 199篇 |
自然地理 | 522篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 13篇 |
2023年 | 38篇 |
2022年 | 114篇 |
2021年 | 136篇 |
2020年 | 123篇 |
2019年 | 150篇 |
2018年 | 114篇 |
2017年 | 128篇 |
2016年 | 125篇 |
2015年 | 153篇 |
2014年 | 185篇 |
2013年 | 225篇 |
2012年 | 159篇 |
2011年 | 192篇 |
2010年 | 168篇 |
2009年 | 198篇 |
2008年 | 251篇 |
2007年 | 250篇 |
2006年 | 249篇 |
2005年 | 212篇 |
2004年 | 203篇 |
2003年 | 167篇 |
2002年 | 163篇 |
2001年 | 112篇 |
2000年 | 104篇 |
1999年 | 109篇 |
1998年 | 103篇 |
1997年 | 79篇 |
1996年 | 68篇 |
1995年 | 47篇 |
1994年 | 45篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 34篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 22篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 19篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4615条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
32.
33.
The tolerance of the oligochaete Monopylephorus rubroniveus and the polychaete Streblospio benedicti to sediment-associated fluoranthene was characterized under normoxic (>80% dissolved oxygen saturation) and moderately hypoxic ( approximately 50% dissolved oxygen saturation) conditions. Under both conditions, M. rubroniveus was highly tolerant of fluoranthene. Streblospio benedicti was considerably less tolerant of fluoranthene compared with M. rubroniveus. In addition, S. benedicti was less tolerant to fluoranthene under moderately hypoxic conditions, although no differences in sensitivity between the two oxygen conditions were observed based upon median lethal tissue residues. Bioaccumulation factors were higher for S. benedicti exposed to moderate hypoxia, suggesting that behavioral adaptations to compensate for the lower dissolved oxygen increased its bioaccumulation of fluoranthene. The results of the present laboratory study demonstrate that (1). changes in annelid tolerance to fluoranthene under varying oxygen conditions is a species-dependent phenomenon and (2). the differential tolerance of these two annelids to these combined stressors is consistent with their relative abundances in the field. 相似文献
34.
Nicolas Mazzella Josiane Molinet Agung Dhamar Syakti Jean-Claude Bertrand Pierre Doumenq 《Marine Chemistry》2007,103(3-4):304-317
This in situ study reports on the relevance of intact phospholipids as new biomarkers and highlights the limits of the classical fatty acid analysis after the hydrolysis of the polar lipid fraction. The analysis of polar lipid fractions revealed significant contributions of marine macrophytes with either non-phospholipid compounds (sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol) or with both non-bacterial phospholipid classes (phosphatidylcholine) and non-bacterial phospholipid molecular species (some molecular species of phosphatidylglycerol). The analysis of intact phospholipids showed also the predominance of gram-negative bacteria in sediments whereas the analysis of fatty acids alone cannot confirm such information. Lastly, as regard to the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on the sedimentary bacterial communities, we observed a higher degree of saturation of the fatty acyl chains of the phospholipids extracted from sediment exposed to a massive and chronic crude oil contamination. Such a result was interpreted as an adaptive response resulting in higher membrane rigidity of the bacterial communities. 相似文献
35.
Jonathan M. Bull Martin Gutowski Justin K. Dix Timothy J. Henstock Peter Hogarth Timothy G. Leighton Paul R. White 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2005,26(2-4):157-169
Chirp sub-bottom profilers are marine acoustic devices that use a known and repeatable source signature (1–24 kHz) to produce
decimetre vertical resolution cross-sections of the sub-seabed. Here the design and development of the first true 3D Chirp
system is described. When developing the design, critical factors that had to be considered included spatial aliasing, and
precise positioning of sources and receivers. Full 3D numerical modelling of the combined source and receiver directivity
was completed to determine optimal source and receiver geometries. The design incorporates four source transducers (1.5–13 kHz)
that can be arranged into different configurations, including Maltese Cross, a square and two separated pairs. The receive
array comprises 240 hydrophones in 60 groups whose group-centres are separated by 25 cm in both horizontal directions, with
each hydrophone group containing four individual elements and a pre-amplifier.
After careful consideration, it was concluded that the only way to determine with sufficient accuracy the source–receiver
geometry, was to fix the sources and receivers within a rigid array. Positional information for the array is given by a Real
Time Kinematic GPS and attitude system incorporating four antennas to give position, heading, pitch and roll. It is shown
that this system offers vertical positioning accuracy with a root-mean-square (rms) error less than 2.6 cm, while the horizontal
positioning rms error was less than 2.0 cm. The system is configured so that the Chirp source signature can be chosen by software
aboard the acquisition vessel.
The complete system is described and initial navigational and seismic data results are presented. These data demonstrate that
the approach of using fixed source-receiver geometry combined with RTK navigation can provide complete 3D imaging of the sub-surface. 相似文献
36.
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs) are a tool designed to protect vulnerable marine areas from vessel-source pollution through measures approved by the governing body, the International Maritime Organisation. Recent developments triggered by the proposal to designate, amongst others, a large part of the Western European Atlantic a PSSA have brought the instrument to a decisive stage. Although the proposal appears to be lawful, its implications for the concept, which this paper seeks to assess, are questionable. The significance of the instrument is at risk if it is overused. As a consequence, new protective mechanisms should be contemplated. 相似文献
37.
由于海岸带的地理条件和海洋动力特性的复杂性以及人类开发活动对海岸带的影响,近岸海域的生态环境系统在空间分布上有很大的变异性.基于现场实测资料,建立系统的空间变异分析模型,对海岸带生态环境空间变化规律进行分析,可以充分了解不同区域的污染特征和变化趋势.应用所构建的空间变异分析模型对渤海湾天津近岸海域的水环境特性进行分析,结合对应年份的入海流量及其变化,分析了天津渤海湾海岸带污染的主因子和区域水环境的分布特征,结果可以对海洋功能区的划分和水环境综合评价结果进行验证和补充. 相似文献
38.
39.
气相色谱指纹法在海上油污染源鉴别中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过一个具体案例,探讨了气相色谱指纹法在海上油污染源鉴别中的应用。该鉴别方法基于样品的正构烷烃气相色谱指纹分析,选择既能表征油种固有特性,又受风化影响较小的正十七烷(n-C17)、正十八烷(n-C18)、姥鲛烷(phy)、植烷(phy)和正二十烷(n-C20)等特征烷烃作为判据,可信度大,而且整个操作流程短(一般不超过半天),较简便易行。 相似文献
40.
本文综述了国内外酸雨的研究现状;包括酸雨的来源、成因、模式、影响及防治对策;介绍了酸雨的研究趋势;并着重就厦门地区今后酸雨的研究方向提出也作者的看法。 相似文献