Comparison in copper accumulation and physiological responses of Gracilaria lemaneiformis and G. lichenoides (Rhodophyceae)

Heavy metal pollution has become a worldwide problem in aquaculture. We studied copper (Cu2+ ) accumulation and physiological responses of two red algae Gracilaria lemaneiformis and Gracilaria lichenoides from China under Cu2+ exposure of 0-500 μg/L in concentration. Compared with G. lemaneiformis, G. lichenoides was more capable in accumulating Cu2+ , specifically, more Cu2+ on extracellular side (cell wall) than on intracellular side (cytoplasm) and in cell organelles (especially chloroplast, cell nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosome). In addition, G. lichenoides contained more insoluble polysaccharide in cell wall, which might promote the extracellular Cu2+ -binding as an efficient barrier against metal toxicity. Conversely, G. lemaneiformis was more vulnerable than G. lichenoides to Cu 2+ toxin for decreases in growth, pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, phycobiliprotein, and β-carotene) content, and photosynthetic activity. Moreover, more serious oxidative damages in G. lemaneiformis than in G. lichenoides, in accumulation of reactive oxidative species and malondialdehyde, and in electrolyte leakage, because of lower antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase) activities. Therefore, G. lichenoides was less susceptible to Cu2+ stress than G. lemaneiformis.     

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SERIOUSLY POLLUTED CITIES IN CHINA——Taking Benxi City as an Example

Ｉ．ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｉｔｉｅｓａｒｅｔｈｅｓｙｍｂｏｌｓｏｆｈｕｍａｎ’ｓｃｉｖｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ,ｔｈｅｓｐａｔｉａｌｃａｒｉｅｒｓｏｆｅｃｏｎｏｍｙａｎｄｔｈｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ（Ｇｕ...     

突发性大气污染事故应急监测系统的设计与开发

本文对突发性大气污染事故应急临测系统的总体需求、体系结构、功能模块和关键技术进行了分析.通过分析突发性大气污染事故应急监测工作业务流程,提出系统的建立需在存储和管理多种应急监测相关数据的基础上,并与应急监测业务保持一致.为保证系统的高安伞性、实时性与可靠性,采用部署在局域网内的客户机/服务器体系结构.本文详细阐述了系统...     

Combining CLUE-S and SWAT models to forecast land use change and non-point source pollution impact at a watershed scale in Liaoning Province,China

Non-point source （NPS） pollution has become a major source of water pollution. A combination of models would provide the necessary direction and approaches designed to control NPS pollution through land use planning. In this study, NPS pollution load was simulated in urban planning, historic trends and ecological protection land use scenarios based on the Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent （CLUE-S） and Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） models applied to Hunhe-Taizi River Watershed, Liaoning Province, China. Total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） were chosen as NPS pollution indices. The results of models validation showed that CLUE-S and SWAT models were suitable in the study area. NPS pollution mainly came from dry farmland, paddy, rural and urban areas. The spatial distribution of TN and TP exhibited the same trend in 57 sub-catchments. The TN and TP had the highest NPS pollution load in the western and central plains, which concentrated the urban area and farm land. The NPS pollution load would increase in the urban planning and historic trends scenarios, and would be even higher in the urban planning scenario. How- ever, the NPS pollution load decreased in the ecological protection scenario. The differences observed in the three scenarios indicated that land use had a degree of impact on NPS pollution, which showed that scientific and ecologically sound construction could effec- tively reduce the NPS pollution load in a watershed. This study provides a scientific method for conducting NPS pollution research at the watershed scale, a scientific basis for non-point source pollution control, and a reference for related policy making.     

长葛县规划区地下水化学特征及其成因分析

本文根据长葛市规划区地下水化学分析资料 ,利用污染指数法对该区地下水化学特征及其成因进行了初步分析 ,指出该区局部地下水的总硬度、溶解性总固体、硝酸盐污染指数大于 1的原因是生活、工业废物处理不当和引用污水灌溉而引起 ,并提出了该市地下水污染治理的建议     

攀枝花市大气污染物降水清除机制的研究

本文采用了主成份分析及因子分析的方法,研究了影响降水pH值的主要源及其贡献和这些源被降水清除的机制。分析结果表明:大气中一次污染物是影响降水pH及各种成分浓度的主要因素。人为污染源包括高排放源、低排放源和汽车源,它们的排放物以碱性物质为主;自然污染源包括输送物、腐烂物、自然NOx等,它们的排放物主要是酸性物质;在一般情况下,降水的pH值取决于高、低排放源排放的碱性物质的多寡;降水量越大,清除的污染物越多,在雨季各测点降水平均pH值为6.31～7.10。在高排放源影响小的地方,对持续时间长的大雨,降水后期的pH能反映自然源的影响,其值小于5.60。可见,攀枝花市酸雨几率极低甚至降水呈碱性,     

Pb distribution and translocation in Jiaozhou Bay

The trends of distribution, translocation and seasonal change of heavy metal Pb were studied based on the surface and bottom water sampling in Jiaozhou Bay in 1979, and compared with those in 1990＇s. The results showed that the source of Pb in the bay was from wastewater and sewage in the east of Jiaozhou Bay from ocean vessels. Pb concentration was higher in spring and lower in summer and autumn, and remained stable through sedimentation in the bottom layer. The overall water quality was good in 1970＇s. Compared with the environmental monitoring data of 1995-1999, Pb pollution had become serious. Therefore, more efforts should be made to protect the bay from Pb pollution.     

Effects of copper pollution on the activity of soil invertase and urease in loquat orchards

Dealt with in this paper is the relationship between Cu contents of soil and activity parameters for soil invertase and urease from the Changtai loquat orchards in Fujian Province. The soil invertase activity and maximum reaction velocity (enzyme kinetic parameters: Vmax and Vmax/Km) have no remarkable negative correlation with Cu concentrations, but Cu concentrations have an obvious positive effect on invertase Kin, indicating a reversible com-petitive restraint on the reaction between Cu and invertase. The soil urease activity and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax,Vmax/Km) have a remarkable negative correlation with Cu concentrations, and in this aspect, they can be used as ecological indices of the soil polluted by Cu. A slightly variable Km indicates the non-reversible competitive restraint level.     

THE CORRESPONDING ANALYSIS OF HEAVY-METAL POLLUTION OF SOIL IN ZHUZHOU CITY

ＴＨＥ ＣＯＲＲＥＳＰＯＮＤＩＮＧ ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳ ＯＦ ＨＥＡＶＹ－ＭＥＴＡＬ ＰＯＬＬＵＴＩＯＮ ＯＦ ＳＯＩＬ ＩＮ ＺＨＵＺＨＯＵ ＣＩＴＹ ＳｈａｎｇＪｉｎｃｈｅｎｇ（尚金城）；ＬｏｎｇＡｉｍｉｎ（龙爱民）ＬｉＢｉｎ（李斌）；ＪｉａｎｇＪ...     

论提高环境水文地质图件制图工艺

近年来，地图制图理论有了较快的发展，如何将信息传输和视觉感受等方面的研究成果运用于环境水文地质图的编制，是制图工作者和专业人员共同关注的一个重要问题。本文以编制城市环境水文地质图为例，就制图过程中的一些原则和方法作一探讨。