蓝罗非鱼鳞片表面结构的扫描电镜观察

运用扫描电镜技术对蓝罗非鱼侧线上鳞、侧线下鳞和侧经鳞进行了形态结构的观察。研究结果表明,蓝罗非鱼体表睛属栉鳞,外形呈近圆形,分为顶区、基区和侧区三个部分;顶区边缘具细小齿状棘突,区内分布有癌状或棒状突起;基区具有清晰致密的鳞纹和放射状排列的鳞沟,年轮线处鳞纹密集排列;侧区较为平滑,无明显的鳞沟;侧线鳞具有粗壮的侧线管口。     

皱纹盘鲍唾液腺的光镜和电镜研究

１引言皱纹盘鲍（Ｈａｌｉｏｔｉｓｄｉ。ｕｓｈａｎｎａｉｌ。）隶属腹足纲、前鳃亚纲、原始腹足目,是我国北方沿海重要的经济贝类．唾液腺作为一种重要的消化腺,几乎存在于所有的腹足类动物．以往对腹足类动物唾液腺的研究,主要集中在肺螺亚纲动物［‘－’］及前鳃亚...     

皱纹盘鲍消化道粘膜上皮的扫描电镜研究

皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)隶属腹足纲、前鳃亚纲、原始腹足目、鲍科,是一种珍贵的经济贝类,也是我国北方沿海主要养殖贝类.近年来利用扫描电镜的特点研究动物消化道表面超微结构与其食性、功能的关系已引起高度重视[1-3],但迄今为止对皱纹盘鲍乃至整个鲍科动物消化道扫描电镜的研究国内外未见报道.皱纹盘鲍是一种藻食性动物,与其食性相适应,它的消化道甚长,约相当于体长的3倍,并进化有发达的食道侧囊、嗉囊以及长而迂曲的肠.组织学研究表明皱纹盘鲍消化道粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮[4].     

Application of scanning X-ray analytical microscope to the petrographic characterization of a ductile shear zone: an alternative method to image microstructures

A ductile shear zone within a metasomatic biotite band in the Ryoke granite, Teshima, SW Japan, has been studied using the scanning X-ray analytical microscope (SXAM). This enabled the quantitative distributions of major elements, such as Si, K, Fe, Al and Ca, to be determined within the shear zone. These element maps were processed to transform them into images showing the distribution of minerals such as quartz, biotite, plagioclase and K-feldspar, which form the major minerals within the biotite band and the granite protolith. Mineral profiles based on these mineral maps compared with the simple shear strain profile reveal that the shear zone is most intense where quartz and biotite have been substituted for the primary mineral assemblage of the granite protolith, suggesting that the stresses imposed on the granite caused the shear strain to localize along the biotite band to produce the observed shear zone. It appears that the rheological behavior changed around 50–60% of quartz modal composition.     

A holistic computational model for prediction of clay suspension structure

The formation of clay suspensions involves complex interactions among clay particles subjected to the geochemical environment during the sedimentation process. The structural characteristics have a major influence on the physical and mechanical behavior of the suspension. A modeling framework involving a Discrete Element Method (DEM) model with customized particle mechanical interactions is proposed in this paper for the holistic prediction of the physical structure of clay suspensions. The particle interaction force model is based on the Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory that accounts for electrostatic repulsion, van der Waals attraction, contact repulsion, etc. Kaolinite is used as the model clay to demonstrate the model performance. The surface charge density of kaolinite is obtained through Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) force measurement and is implemented in the particle interaction force model in the subsequent simulations. Influencing factors, such as centrifugal acceleration, ionic concentration, platy structure of particles, and particle size, on the formation of kaolinite suspensions are studied with the numerical model and compare favorably well with the experimental data. This work lays down a unique framework consisting of computational modeling and microscale characterization of clay particles to holistically predict the characteristics of clay suspensions, which paves the basis to model and predict their bulk physical and mechanical behavior.     

利用原子力显微镜与能谱-扫描电镜研究页岩孔隙结构特征

已有研究表明页岩中纳米孔隙与组成导电膜的金颗粒处在同一量级,使得页岩中纳米孔隙在一定程度上被金颗粒掩埋,导致页岩中纳米孔隙被“二次改造”,从而无法真实观察到页岩中孔隙的形态特征;其次,由于受仪器分辨率、景深等因素的制约,无法观察到孔隙的三维展布特征。因此,如何真实地揭示纳米孔隙的空间结构特征,以及如何有效避免金颗粒对页岩储层中纳米孔隙的“二次改造”一直是微区分析的难点。本文通过扫描电镜（SEM）与原子力显微镜（AFM）方法组合观察到四川盆地龙马溪组黑色页岩中有机孔与无机孔在二维平面的分布存在较强的非均值性,孔径与孔隙的空间延展性呈现明显的正相关关系。有机孔呈蜂窝状分布,孔径主要分布在微米量级0.1~0.4μm,孔隙在三维空间呈现明显的“一体化”特征,具有较好的空间连通性;无机孔主要发育黏土矿物的层间孔隙,孔径主要分布在纳米量级16~57nm,此外见少量的矿物粒内不规则状溶蚀孔。研究认为,页岩中孔隙在二维平面的非均值性导致孔隙、喉道的分布会发生突变,从而影响储层的储集性能;页岩中孔隙在三维空间的非均值性导致页岩储层的渗透率在纵向上出现较大的差异,从而影响储层的物性特征。     

养殖锯缘青蟹呼肠孤样病毒粒子的电镜观察

经过对患病青蟹Scylla serrata的组织进行了超薄切片电镜观察,在病蟹的鳃上皮细胞、心肌细胞、胃和肠道上皮细胞中发现了大量的呼肠孤样病毒粒子。该病毒粒子的大小为60 nm左右,二十面体对称,无囊膜,在感染组织细胞浆中呈晶格状排列。根据病毒的形态特征和组织分布形态,初步认为该病毒为水生呼肠孤病毒,暂将其命名为青蟹呼肠孤病毒(Scylla serratareo-like virus,Ss-REO)。     

蛾螺科、织纹螺科和细带螺科腹足类齿舌的形态学研究

利用光学显微镜对8种蛾螺科种类、3种织纹螺科种类和1种细带螺科种类的齿舌形态进行了观察和比较。结果表明,3科12个种的齿舌均由2列侧齿和1列中央齿构成,无缘齿,齿式为0·1·1·1·0。蛾螺科种类(方斑东风螺、泥东风螺、台湾东风螺、深沟东风螺、缝合海因螺、香螺、甲虫螺和Antillophos sp.)的侧齿具小齿2—3枚,中央齿具小齿3—7枚。织纹螺科种类(半褶织纹螺、秀长织纹螺和红带织纹螺)的侧齿具小齿2枚,中央齿具小齿9—13枚,其基板的两端常延伸至下一齿排附近。半褶织纹螺具侧齿附板,秀长织纹螺和红带织纹螺无侧齿附板。塔形纺锤螺的侧齿呈长形的梳子状,具小齿9—12枚,中央齿极小,具小齿3枚。与其他学者的研究结果不同,本研究未发现东风螺属种类的齿舌具有种特异性。侧齿附板不存在于所有织纹螺科的种类中,其有无也不能作为同属或同亚属种类的共性。     

紫色“山仔濑石”的颜色成因及成矿机制研究

紫色“山仔濑石”为寿山石的一种，是一种由层状硅酸盐矿物组成的黏土质玉石。其表层风化为黄色，内部为紫色，属于图章石中较为稀少的颜色品种。本文采用常规的宝石显微镜对其外观特征进行详细观察；利用X射线粉晶衍射仪、显微激光拉曼光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、激光剥蚀等离子质谱仪等对其矿物组成、化学成分、稀土元素特征及谱学特征进行测试；利用全岩化学分析、紫外-可见光分光光度计、SPSS分析模型对其颜色成因进行研究。结果发现紫色“山仔濑石”的主要矿物组成为伊利石，次要矿物为独居石、磷钡铝石、赤铁矿和重晶石；其稀土元素指示性数据呈现出轻稀土元素富集，重稀土元素亏损的现象，指示其矿物成因与还原的酸性热液蚀变有关；紫色“山仔濑石”的紫色色调深浅与伊利石中Mn含量高低呈现正相关性；紫色“山仔濑石”内主要矿物和次要矿物的种类、分布特征和形成温度的不同说明在成矿后期存在多期热液侵入，紫色“山仔濑石”的形成过程与寿山地区的成矿规律具有一致性。     

应用扫描电镜-红外与反射光谱研究海水灰色Akoya珍珠特异的矿化微结构特征

近年来海水灰色Akoya珍珠是珍珠类饰品的新宠,前期研究主要聚焦在对其海水属性、各结构单元的元素赋存特征、辐照处理及其鉴别方法等方面.本文借助紫外可见(UV-Vis)反射光谱仪、显微红外光谱仪、扫描电镜等技术,对具有白色内核的一类灰色珍珠的宝石学与其精细结构特征进行研究.结果表明:①在珍珠的珠核与珍珠层之间,基本存在厚...