光滑叶片的偏振高光谱特性及与叶绿素含量的关系

为探讨偏振光遥感快速估算植物叶绿素含量并用于农业气象自动化观测,根据植物叶绿素颗粒可产生偏振光响应的物理特性,应用SPAD-502叶绿素仪和加偏振镜的FieldSpec~?3 Hi-Res便携式高光谱仪,在多角度观测平台上测量和研究了表面光滑的桑树、红叶石楠、茶花3种代表性叶片的偏振高光谱特性与叶绿素含量的关系。结果表明:对于光滑叶片而言,550 nm附近的绿峰强度随着叶绿素含量的增加缓慢降低,即偏振高光谱与叶绿素含量呈非线性关系;绿峰波段的偏振度(DOP)与叶绿素含量的关系最好,其次为偏振反射,再次为最高反射和总反射,最低反射的关系最不明显。该研究对进一步开展偏振光遥感评价作物生长状况、灾害及估产具有重要意义。     

两种高光谱热红外数据大气校正方法的分析与比较

利用模拟数据对Autonomous Atmospheric Compensation(AAC)和In-scene Atmospheric Compensation(ISAC)这两种高光谱热红外数据大气校正方法进行了对比和分析。结果显示,在满足方法适用条件情况下,AAC方法大气校正精度较高,除湿热的热带大气外,大气透过率的反演误差小于0.02,大气上行辐射的误差小于0.004W.m-2.sr-1.cm;而ISAC方法精度较低,透过率误差在0.05至0.3之间,上行辐射误差在0.003W.m-2.sr-1.cm至0.035W.m-2.sr-1.cm之间变化,误差随大气水汽含量增加而增加。大气非均一性对大气校正精度影响分析表明,AAC方法大气校正精度受大气非均一性影响显著。因此,需从高光谱数据光谱信息出发,发展针对低空间分辨率高光谱热红外数据的大气校正方法,以克服现有方法大气水平均一假设的不足。     

2001-2010年中国地表比辐射率的时空变化(英文)

Land surface emissivity is one of the important parameters in temperature inversion from thermal infrared remote sensing. Using MOD11C3 of Terra-MODIS L3 level products, spatio-temporal data sets of land surface emissivity in China for 10 years from 2001 to 2010 are obtained. The results show that the land surface emissivity in the northwest desert region is the lowest in China, with little seasonal variations. In contrast, there are significant seasonal variations in land surface emissivity in northeast China and northern Xinjiang, the Qing-hai-Tibet Plateau, the Yangtze River Valley and the eastern and southern China. In winter, the land surface emissivity in the northeast China and northern Xinjiang is relatively high. The land surface emissivity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region is maintained at low value from November to March, while it becomes higher in other months. The land surface emissivity of the Yangtze River Valley, eastern and southern China, and Sichuan Basin varies from July to October, and peaks in August. Land surface emissivity values could be divided into five levels: low emissivity (0.6163-0.9638), moderate-low emissivity (0.9639-0.9709), moderate emis-sivity (0.9710-0.9724), moderate-high emissivity (0.9725-0.9738), and high emissivity (0.9739-0.9999). The percentages of areas with low emissivity, moderate-low emissivity and moderate emissivity are, respectively, about 20%, 10% and 20%. The moderate-high emis-sivity region makes up 40%-50% of China’s land surface area. The inter-annual variation of moderate-high emissivity region is also very clear, with two peaks (in spring and autumn) and two troughs (in summer and winter). The inter-annual variation of the high emissivity region is very significant, with a peak in winter (10%), while only 1% or 2% in other seasons. There is a clear association between the spatio-temporal distribution of China’s land surface emissivity and temperature: the higher the emissivity, the lower the temperature, and vice versa. Emis-sivity is an inherent property of any object, but the precise value of its emissivity depends very much on its surrounding environmental factors.     

Retrieval of aerosol optical properties over the Beijing area using POLDER/PARASOL satellite polarization measurements

Aerosol optical properties over Beijing and Xianghe under several typical weather conditions (clear sky, light haze, heavy pollution and dust storm) are derived from POLDER (POLarization and Directionality of the Earths Reflectances)/PARASOL (Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Observations from a Lidar) multi-directional, multi-spectral polarized signals using a more reliable retrieval algorithm as proposed in this paper. The results are compared with those of the operational retrieval algorithm of POLDER/PARASOL group and the ground-based AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork)/PHOTONS (PHOtometrie pour le Traitement Operational de Normalisation Satellitaire) measurements. It is shown that the aerosol optical parameters derived from the improved algorithm agree well with AERONET/PHOTONS measurement. The retrieval accuracies of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and effective radius are 0.06 and 0.05 mu m respectively, which are close to or better than the required accuracies (0.04 for AOT and 0.1 mu m for effective radius) for estimating aerosol direct forcing.     

陆面微波比辐射率的卫星观测研究进展

复杂多变的陆地表微波比辐射率,造成陆面上星载微波观测反演大气参数较为困难,也使得许多卫星微波资料不易同化应用到数值模式,因此迫切需要提供准确可靠的陆面微波地表比辐射率信息.随着卫星观测技术的迅速发展,利用丰富的星载被动微波观测直接反演陆面微波比辐射率成为一种主要手段.国外针对星载微波成像仪和微波垂直探测器开展较为系统的陆面微波比辐射率研究,建立不同类型的地表比辐射率反演方法,开发地表比辐射率参数化方法并应用于辐射资料同化.对于卫星观测反演陆面微波比辐射率存在的问题,开展了评估分析和方法订正.国内利用卫星观测也开展了一些陆面微波比辐射率研究工作,尚需要系统、综合的提炼.对于地表特征复杂的中国地区,还需要评估认识不同陆面微波比辐射率反演方法在我国适用情况,需要增强陆面微波比辐射率数据质量的认识以及业务应用.     

植被层对被动微波遥感土壤水分反演影响的研究

在很多对土壤水分被动微波遥感的研究中 ,为简单起见 ,覆盖的植被层使用了一种简单的模型来表征其散射和衰减特性。本文中使用了一种基于辐射传输理论的离散模型来研究植被的发射率、传输率。这种方法可以更加真实地刻划组成植被的散射个体如叶、茎、树枝、树干等对这两个参数的影响 ,因而能更准确地描述植被对下垫面的影响。为了减少土壤水分反演算法中未知量的数目 ,该文给出了这两个参数的模拟结果分别在AMSR E三种不同频率下的简单关系。     

A STUDY OF MICROWAVE RADIATION TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS IN STRATIFIED PRECIPITATION CLOUDS BY COMBINING STRATIFIED CLOUD MODEL WITH MICROWAVE RADIATION TRANSFER MODEL

In this paper,the effect of precipitation particles on microwave radiation transfer characteristics in stratified clouds over the ocean is studied by combining stratified cloud model with microwave radiation transfer model.By comparing the calculated results with the true data,it is found that precipitation particle distribution and water shell around ice phase particle strongly affect the upwelling radiation.Therefore,the precipitation particle distribution and water shellaround ice phase particle must be considered when a calculating scheme is designed for retrieving precipitation in stratified clouds by the use of microwave radiation transfer model.     

土壤发射率光谱提取算法的对比研究

土壤的发射率具有较大的不确定性,为了准确提取土壤的发射率,利用ASTER光谱库中的58条土壤光谱,模拟产生了热红外高光谱数据集,利用这些数据进行了土壤的发射率提取试验,分析了较为典型的几种温度发射率分离方法,如NEM、ISSTES、α剩余法、MMD、TES在土壤发射率提取中的适用性、稳定性和精度,并根据分析的结果对各种算法在土壤发射率反演中的应用进行了相应改进.对于NEM方法,给出了最优的最大发射率;对于MMD方法,提出了一种比原平均-最小最大发射率之差更好的经验关系;在TES方法中,使用ISSTES代替原先的NEM方法,获得了精确的发射率初始值.基于模拟数据的算法分析结果表明,对于地面测量高光谱数据的土壤发射率信息提取,ISSTES准确度最高.最后给出了使用这5种方法由地面实测高光谱数据提取的土壤发射率光谱实例,提取的发射率光谱的分布情况很好印证了基于模拟数据的算法分析结果.     

近红外偏振辐射卫星数据的海洋耀光动态检测

太阳光入射海表特定区域形成海洋耀光,呈强反射和偏振特性。在卫星海洋遥感中,海洋耀光对遥感成像质量有较大影响,尤其对海洋上空云、气溶胶及海色等研究干扰较大,因此剔除海洋耀光是卫星遥感数据处理过程中首先要解决的重要问题。以PARASOL卫星的POLDER3载荷数据为研究对象,获取载荷成像时刻太阳及观测几何、海表风速风向及气溶胶光学厚度等参数,采用海气辐射传输相关理论,结合耀光角和多角度NIR偏振辐射信息(865 nm),构建基于近红外偏振辐射特性规则的OGDD模型,获取耀光角临界值实现耀光动态检测。以印度洋某海区为研究对象,获取实测耀光区NIR通道的大气层顶反射率和偏振反射率,利用OGDD模型将耀光角判别临界值调整为34°。相比MODIS经验临界值(40°),标记耀光像元相对减少了30%。结果表明,该方法不仅能通过动态调整临界值准确识别海洋耀光,为云检测及云物理特性反演提供可靠的源数据,还能为高分五号卫星多角度偏振载荷在轨定标及气溶胶反演提供支持。     

Atacama Field Campaign: laboratory and in-situ measurements for remote sensing applications

This work presents the preliminary results of the first field calibration campaign performed in the Atacama Desert, Chile, between the 18 and 22 August 2014, called the Atacama Field Campaign (ATAFIC 2014). In situ measurements were performed in order to spectrally characterize the surface reflectance spectra between 0.3 and 2.5?µm, radiometric temperature (8.0–14.0?µm) and atmospheric measurements. A soil sample was collected and analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction techniques to characterize the surface reflectance spectra and mineralogical composition, respectively. ASTER land surface emissivity in addition to GOES, MODIS and Landsat-8 land surface temperature (LST) were also used. Results showed that the spectral features of the Atacama soil and the characteristics of this geographical zone, which is featured as the most hyper-arid and cloudless place in the world, make this area a potential target for surface reflectance characterization. Day and night LST comparison between field and remote sensing data are lower than 2?K and the Root Mean Square Error for land surface emissivity is close to 2%. This work opens the possibilities to consider the Atacama Desert as a reference target for calibration and validation activities for earth observation missions’ purposes.