2007/2008和2008/2009冬季平流层强、弱极涡事件对应的行星波活动的对比分析

在对逐日气象资料进行纬向谐波分析的基础上, 对比和讨论了2007/2008年冬季强极涡期间和2008/2009冬季弱极涡期间平流层和对流层不同波数的行星波的变化特征, 特别关注强极涡或弱极涡发生之后, 500 hPa 沿60°N和30°N行星波1波和2波振幅和位相的差异, 以及相应的500 hPa位势场的差异, 进而讨论为什么不同的平流层极涡异常会对东亚有不同的影响, 特别讨论为什么同一种极涡异常, 对我国南北方近地面气温的影响会不同。结果表明:平流层极涡发生异常时, 平流层行星波活动有明显的异常。随着极涡异常的下传, 对流层行星波的振幅和位相也有明显的变化, 而且, 对于不同的纬度带, 其变化又有不同, 表现为:2008年1月强极涡发生之后, 500 hPa行星波1波和2波的扰动都向南伸, 而2009年1月的弱极涡(SSW)期间和之后, 1波和2波的扰动都偏北; 在对流层, 强极涡和弱极涡发生之后不但行星波1波和2波的振幅有所差异, 其位相也有明显的不同。特别是, 其位相的差异还随纬度而变化。就同一年(或者说对于同是强极涡或者同是弱极涡)而言, 无论是1波还是2波, 在60°N和30°N附近的扰动相比, 几乎反位相。这样就使得它们的500 hPa 位势场也有明显不同:在东半球, 主要表现为乌拉尔高压和东亚大槽的强度和位置不同。2008年1月强极涡发生之后, 乌拉尔高压和东亚大槽东移, 不利于冷空气向欧亚大陆北部(包括我国北方)的输送, 使这些地区的温度偏高;而2009年1月弱极涡之后, 东亚大槽西退, 利于冷空气向欧亚大陆北部输送, 导致这些地区较冷。对于同一种极涡异常(如2008强极涡或者2009弱极涡)由于南方和北方行星波扰动的位相不同, 对南方和北方冷暖空气的输送也就不一样。所以同一种极涡异常对(我国)南北地区的温度影响是不同的。     

Energetics of lateral eddy diffusion/advection：Part Ⅱ. Numerical diffusion/diffusivity and gravitational potential energy change due to isopycnal diffusion

Study of oceanic circulation and climate requires models which can simulate tracer eddy diffusion and ad vection accurately. It is shown that the traditional Eulerian coordinates can introduce large artificial hori zontal diffusivity/viscosity due to the incorrect alignment of the axis. Therefore, such models can smear sharp fronts and introduce other numerical artifacts. For simulation with relatively low resolution, large lateral diffusion was explicitly used in models; therefore, such numerical diffusion may not be a problem. However, with the increase of horizontal resolution, the artificial diffusivity/viscosity associated with hori zontal advection in the commonly used Eulerian coordinates may become one of the most challenging ob stacles for modeling the ocean circulation accurately. Isopycnal eddy diffusion （mixing） has been widely used in numerical models. The common wisdom is that mixing along isopycnal is energy free. However, a careful examination reveals that this is not the case. In fact, eddy diffusion can be conceptually separated into two steps： stirring and subscale diffusion. Due to the thermobaric effect, stirring, or exchanging water masses, along isopycnal surface is associated with the change of GPE in the mean state. This is a new type of instability, called the thermobaric instability. In addition, due to cabbeling subscale diffusion of water parcels always leads to the release of GPE. The release of GPE due to isopycnal stirring and subscale diffusion may lead to the thermobaric instability.     

Quantifying the Response Strength of the Southern Stratospheric Polar Vortex to Indian Ocean Warming in Austral Summer简

A previous multiple-AGCM study suggested that Indian Ocean Warming （IOW） tends to warm and weaken the southern polar vortex.Such an impact is robust because of a qualitative consistency among the five AGCMs used.However,a significant difference exists in the modeled strengths,particularly in the stratosphere,with those in three of the AGCMs （CCM3,CAM3,and GFS） being four to five times as strong as those in the two other models （GFDL AM2,ECHAM5）.As to which case reflects reality is an important issue not only for quantifying the role of tropical ocean warming in the recent modest recovery of the ozone hole over the Antarctic,but also for projecting its future trend.This issue is addressed in the present study through comparing the models＇ climatological mean states and intrinsic variability,particularly those influencing tropospheric signals to propagate upward and reach the stratosphere.The results suggest that differences in intrinsic variability of model atmospheres provide implications for the difference.Based on a comparison with observations,it is speculated that the impact in the real world may be closer to the modest one simulated by GFDL AM2 and ECHAM5,rather than the strong one simulated by the three other models （CCM3,CAM3 and GFS）.In particular,IOW during the past 50 years may have dynamically induced a 1.0℃ warming in the polar lower stratosphere （～100 hPa）,which canceled a fraction of radiative cooling due to ozone depletion.     

Chandler摆动的双频现象用于拟合极移确定项的研究

极移中Chandler摆动出现的双频现象,一直以来为许多学者所关注。推导了基于Chandler摆动双频的极移确定项模型,并采用该模型对极移确定项进行了拟合。与仅采用单频进行确定项拟合的对比表明,利用双频能取得更理想的结果。     

利用LS_AR模型对极移参数的中长期预报

为了满足深空探测器自主导航定位对极移参数中长期预报的需求,阐述了基于LS_AR模型的极移参数中长期预报和精度评定的原理,提出了4种改进方案对LS_AR模型的构建进行优化,并利用IERS提供的1990～1996年的极移参数的时间序列检验4种优化方案,得到了最优的预报模型,在400 d跨度上,其预报结果的平均绝对误差比未优化的模型小3 mas左右。     

基于移动GIS和LBS技术的地名地址快速采集方法研究与应用

介绍移动GIS的特点和LBS定位技术,针对目前地名地址采集过程中存在的数据采集不准确、不规范和周期长等一系列问题,设计了从外业拍照、数据采集、内业录入到数据更新的地名地址数据采集流程,并开发了地名地址数据采集系统,其次,介绍地名地址采集系统的实现和功能配置,并结合实例分析系统的应用情况.系统既简化了地名地址的采集流程,同时又提高了数据采集的效率.     

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西南极菲尔德斯半岛白垩纪晚期和第三纪早期岩石的古地磁学及其大地构造意义

采自菲尔德斯半岛白垩纪晚期和第三纪早期五个岩层单位的12个采点109块定向岩芯标本进行了系统的古地磁学测定,从中得知,55～45Ma时期,该区极位置与澳大利亚的同时期结果不同,它经历了大约20°～30°的南向水平移动与70°～80°的西向旋转,逐渐地构成了今日彼此相对位置的格架。文章绘制出南极洲的视极移曲线。     

异心球形电容器电容的精确解

提出了导体系统电容问题求解的一种新方法，借助双球面坐标系和平行板电容公式，求出了异心球形电容器电容的解析式。此外，对另外几种类型异体系统的电容也作了讨论。     

鲫鲤杂交一代（F_1）自交的受精细胞学观察

采用人工催产、波恩氏液固定、石蜡切片和Ｈ·Ｅ染色等方法，研究了杂交一代（Ｆ１）自交的受精细胞学过程。结果表明，鲫鲤杂交一代自交时有正常的受精细胞学过程。受精后，卵子完成第二次成熟分裂，排出第二极体；１５ｍｉｎ，雌雄性原核形成，２０ｍｉｎ，两性原核完全融合，形成二倍体的合子，４０ｍｉｎ，开始进行卵裂；１ｈ，两个分裂球出现，本实验为Ｆ２代是二倍体提供了证据。